一.產品介紹
應(ying)縣(xian)青椒(jiao)含(han)有多種微(wei)量(liang)元素(su),營養豐(feng)富,據科學鑒定(ding):每100克青椒(jiao)含(han)維生(sheng)素(su)C0.037%,胡蘿卜素(su)0.011%,礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi)0.034%,碳水化合物(wu)0.0018%和(he)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)等人體所(suo)必(bi)需的大量(liang)物(wu)質(zhi),長期食用,不僅(jin)可潤滑(hua)肌(ji)膚,駐留青春,強身壯骨(gu),補脾益(yi)氣,生(sheng)身調經,而且(qie)可預(yu)防(fang)和(he)減輕腦血(xue)栓、敗血(xue)病、血(xue)吸(xi)蟲、乳(ru)腺增生(sheng),并對胃癌(ai)(ai)、肺癌(ai)(ai)、肝癌(ai)(ai)、子宮癌(ai)(ai)、乳(ru)腺癌(ai)(ai)等病癥(zheng)也有明(ming)顯的療效(xiao)。 應(ying)縣(xian)青椒(jiao)2004年(nian)7月30日(ri)被國家農業部農產品質(zhi)量(liang)中心認(ren)證為無公害農產品,并在國家商標局以“應(ying)州(zhou)綠”商標注冊。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1.土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情況:應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分布受(shou)地形、地貌(mao)、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)、母質、植(zhi)被(bei)和(he)人(ren)為(wei)因素的(de)影響,較為(wei)復(fu)雜。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)(shen)厚(hou)肥沃,總的(de)特點(dian)(dian)是(shi)地帶性分布不(bu)明顯(xian)(xian),具有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)規律(lv)性。2.水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)情況:應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地處(chu)大(da)同盆地南(nan)(nan)端,大(da)小石峪、茹越峪沖積扇,北臨鎮(zhen)子(zi)(zi)梁(liang)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku),西接桑(sang)干河(he),水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)1.5億立(li)方米,人(ren)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)占有(you)量(liang)(liang)564立(li)方米,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地表水(shui)(shui)總流量(liang)(liang)0.6億立(li)方米,地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)開采量(liang)(liang)0.9億立(li)方米,地表徑(jing)流主(zhu)要來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)于雨(yu)(yu)季(ji)(ji)洪水(shui)(shui),應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)現(xian)有(you)灌溉機井12000眼。3.氣(qi)候情況:應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬北溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)候,受(shou)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)影響,四季(ji)(ji)分明,氣(qi)候變化(hua)主(zhu)要受(shou)西南(nan)(nan)氣(qi)流的(de)控制,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)變化(hua)規律(lv)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)是(shi):年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)7.1℃,極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)高溫(wen)度(du)36.6℃,極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)度(du)-30.5℃。季(ji)(ji)風(feng)主(zhu)要集中于冬春兩季(ji)(ji),主(zhu)要風(feng)向為(wei)西南(nan)(nan)風(feng),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)速2.4米/秒,最(zui)大(da)風(feng)速20米/秒。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)380毫米左(zuo)右(you)。降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)年(nian)(nian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)分配不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)集中在(zai)(zai)七、八、九三(san)個月(yue)(yue),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)總降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)65%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1858.5mm,主(zhu)要集中在(zai)(zai)4-10月(yue)(yue)份,占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)(liang)的(de)75%以(yi)(yi)上。開始霜凍(dong)期一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)9月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬,解凍(dong)期一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)次年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬,山區(qu)無(wu)霜期90-110天。4.人(ren)文(wen)(wen)歷史情況:應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)其個大(da)肉厚(hou)、色澤鮮(xian)艷(yan)、清脆味(wei)美、耐(nai)藏易運的(de)獨特品質而(er)倍受(shou)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)青(qing)(qing)(qing)睞(lai),已成為(wei)聞名海(hai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)的(de)重要土(tu)(tu)特產(chan)品。應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具有(you)悠久的(de)歷史,早在(zai)(zai)堯舜時(shi)(shi)(shi)期,便(bian)有(you)“堯傳(chuan)子(zi)(zi)耕”之(zhi)(zhi)說,堯王讓其長(chang)(chang)子(zi)(zi)丹(dan)朱帶著五谷、蔬菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)從(cong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽來(lai)(lai)到長(chang)(chang)子(zi)(zi)這(zhe)塊地平(ping)(ping)(ping)水(shui)(shui)淺的(de)沃土(tu)(tu)上開墾(ken)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),丹(dan)朱在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)片灑遍炎帝神(shen)農氏心血和(he)汗(han)水(shui)(shui)的(de)古老土(tu)(tu)地上勤(qin)勞耕作,精(jing)心栽培出了(le)豐(feng)收(shou)的(de)糧食(shi)、可(ke)(ke)口的(de)鮮(xian)菜(cai)(cai),特別是(shi)收(shou)獲的(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(當時(shi)(shi)(shi)叫尖辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)),口味(wei)奇特,嚼時(shi)(shi)(shi)“針扎”,含時(shi)(shi)(shi)“錐刺”,長(chang)(chang)期食(shi)用,健脾胃,增食(shi)欲,強身(shen)健腦(nao),成為(wei)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)們非常喜(xi)歡的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蔬菜(cai)(cai)。新(xin)中國(guo)(guo)成立(li)后,應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)繼承傳(chuan)統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)基(ji)礎上,引用現(xian)代科學技術(shu),不(bu)斷改進栽培工(gong)藝,品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)(liang)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)提高。生(sheng)吃可(ke)(ke)當水(shui)(shui)果,烹、炒(chao)、煎、炸、煮(zhu)、蒸、拌餡、腌漬食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),香(xiang)美可(ke)(ke)口,加工(gong)成青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)常年(nian)(nian)嘗鮮(xian),應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)越來(lai)(lai)越展(zhan)示出一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高品位風(feng)味(wei),享有(you)”天下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)甜椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”之(zhi)(zhi)美稱。黨(dang)的(de)十一(yi)(yi)屆三(san)中全(quan)會以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai),應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)開發(fa)(fa)了(le)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)具有(you)傳(chuan)統優勢的(de)產(chan)品,把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)作為(wei)農民(min)致富奔小康的(de)主(zhu)導產(chan)業,不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)產(chan)條件,擴大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積,使(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)區(qu)域(yu)化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),規模化(hua)經營。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達20萬多畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)9億多公斤,成為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)大(da)的(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地。2001年(nian)(nian),一(yi)(yi)個集食(shi)宿(su)、娛樂、代辦長(chang)(chang)途降(jiang)溫(wen)運輸包裝、蔬菜(cai)(cai)檢(jian)疫為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)華北最(zui)大(da)的(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)批發(fa)(fa)市場(南(nan)(nan)河(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蔬菜(cai)(cai)批發(fa)(fa)市場),被(bei)國(guo)(guo)家農業部(bu)(bu)指(zhi)定(ding)為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)蔬菜(cai)(cai)批發(fa)(fa)市場之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。每年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)中旬,來(lai)(lai)自廣東(dong)、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)、湖(hu)北、河(he)南(nan)(nan)、山東(dong)等省區(qu)的(de)高架(jia)拉菜(cai)(cai)車涌(yong)進應(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),跨(kua)過長(chang)(chang)江,運進廣州、上海(hai)、深(shen)(shen)圳、海(hai)南(nan)(nan),并轉(zhuan)口香(xiang)港(gang)、澳門、新(xin)加坡(po)、馬來(lai)(lai)西亞、越南(nan)(nan)、泰國(guo)(guo)等地,在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)市場上一(yi)(yi)展(zhan)風(feng)采,盡顯(xian)(xian)風(feng)流。
三.地域范圍
青(qing)椒產于山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)朔州市應縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei),應縣(xian)(xian)位于山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)北(bei)部(bu),地跨東經112°58′-113°37′,北(bei)緯(wei)39°17′-39°45′之間,全縣(xian)(xian)平面圖(tu)呈(cheng)平行四邊(bian)形。其(qi)東鄰渾源縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)(xi)向平朔鄰山(shan)陰縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)鄰懷仁(ren)縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)毗繁峙縣(xian)(xian)、代縣(xian)(xian)。全縣(xian)(xian)現有12個鄉(xiang)鎮,人(ren)口(kou)28.3萬人(ren),其(qi)中農(nong)(nong)業人(ren)口(kou)25.2萬人(ren),農(nong)(nong)業總收入24.75億元(yuan),農(nong)(nong)民人(ren)均純收入3946元(yuan),工業產值(zhi)8.9億元(yuan),全縣(xian)(xian)總面積1708平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),南(nan)北(bei)長47.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),東西(xi)(xi)寬46.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。交(jiao)通十分(fen)便利,運輸(shu)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)路為主,縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路密度達到39.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)/百平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。應縣(xian)(xian)地處大同盆(pen)地南(nan)端,一(yi)分(fen)山(shan)二(er)分(fen)川,恒山(shan)、龍首、黃(huang)花三(san)山(shan)南(nan)北(bei)拱衛(wei)、渾河(he)桑干(gan)河(he)東西(xi)(xi)繞城(cheng),山(shan)列(lie)如屏(ping),水環似帶。境內(nei)南(nan)高北(bei)低,最高海拔2333米。總生產面積2000畝(mu),年生產總量(liang)120萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。
四.產品品質特性特征
應縣青(qing)椒含有多種微量(liang)元(yuan)素,營養豐(feng)富,據(ju)科學鑒定每00克青(qing)椒含維生(sheng)(sheng)素C0.07%,胡蘿卜素0.0%,礦(kuang)物質0.04%,碳水化合物0.008%和(he)蛋白質等人體所必需的(de)大(da)量(liang)物質,長期食用,不僅可潤(run)滑肌膚,駐留青(qing)春,強身(shen)壯(zhuang)骨,補脾益氣,生(sheng)(sheng)身(shen)調經,而且可預防和(he)減輕腦(nao)血栓、敗血病(bing)、血吸蟲、乳腺增生(sheng)(sheng),并對胃(wei)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)、肺(fei)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)、肝癌(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)、子宮癌(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)、乳腺癌(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)等病(bing)癥也有明顯的(de)療效。
五.特定生產方式
1.育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)要(yao)(yao)求:選(xuan)(xuan)擇地勢(shi)高(gao)燥(zao)、交通方便、排灌好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地建立苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang),采用(yong)改(gai)良(liang)陽(yang)畦(qi),塑(su)料(liao)小(xiao)(xiao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設施,并(bing)(bing)對(dui)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設施進(jin)行(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)處(chu)理(li)。其規(gui)格(ge):改(gai)良(liang)陽(yang)畦(qi):矢(shi)高(gao)0.5m-1m,跨度(du)2.5m-2m 塑(su)料(liao)小(xiao)(xiao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng):矢(shi)高(gao)1m-l.5m,跨度(du)2m-4.5m栽培(pei)季節(jie):采用(yong)春夏栽培(pei)2.品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong):選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)抗(kang)病(bing)、優質(zhi)、豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)、耐貯運、商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。露(lu)地早(zao)(zao)春茬栽培(pei)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇抗(kang)病(bing)強,前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耐低溫,后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耐熱(re)性強,前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)熟(shu)和(he)(he)早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量:符合(he)GB16715.3-1999中(zhong)2級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)求。露(lu)地栽培(pei)青(qing)(qing)椒品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong): 燈籠型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)晚熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong):“中(zhong)椒4號(hao)”、“中(zhong)椒7號(hao)”、“屯玉9號(hao)”、“翠龍(long)216號(hao)”;牛角(jiao)型(xing)(xing):谷(gu)雨大(da)牛椒、鳳(feng)凰(huang)城、星光118;羊角(jiao)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)晚熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong):“保(bao)加利(li)亞羊角(jiao)椒”。3.生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li):播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian),先將(jiang)干種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)放在(zai)(zai)55℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)15分鐘,并(bing)(bing)不(bu)斷攪拌(ban),撈出(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),再(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)30℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)泡6-8小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),并(bing)(bing)用(yong)手搓(cuo),爾(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)撈出(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),用(yong)細(xi)棉(mian)紗包好(hao),放在(zai)(zai)25-30℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)炕(kang)上(shang)(shang)催芽,每(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)用(yong)清(qing)溫水(shui)(shui)淘(tao)洗3-4次(ci),5天(tian)(tian)(tian)待70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)“露(lu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)”即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)配制,選(xuan)(xuan)擇過(guo)篩的(de)(de)(de)(de)豆茬或本科糧食作物茬的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)3份(fen),撒(sa)施腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬糞(fen)(fen),廄糞(fen)(fen)或雞糞(fen)(fen)5份(fen),爐灰渣1份(fen),每(mei)(mei)立方米床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)加入1.5kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)磷酸鈣(gai)和(he)(he)250克尿(niao)素(su),淺鋤兩遍,把(ba)lcm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)與肥(fei)料(liao)充(chong)分拌(ban)勻,耬平(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輕(qing)踩一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍,再(zai)(zai)樓平(ping)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)于(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)中(zhong)按(an)1平(ping)方米用(yong)藥(yao)10克,混入多(duo)菌(jun)靈加10倍細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)拌(ban)勻,均(jun)(jun)勻撒(sa)于(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)面(mian),劃鋤入土(tu)(tu)(tu)耬平(ping)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):3月(yue)20日左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),根據種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)(ji)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度(du),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)10-15克。 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方法:春季保(bao)護地生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)溫12℃左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),氣溫20℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)用(yong)噴(pen)壺往床(chuang)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)灑少(shao)量熱(re)水(shui)(shui),并(bing)(bing)均(jun)(jun)勻鋪撒(sa)少(shao)量藥(yao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米10克)或0.5cm厚(hou)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),播(bo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)“露(lu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)拌(ban)入細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu),細(xi)篩充(chong)分搖動,待種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)變成大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)均(jun)(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)粒后(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)手輕(qing)輕(qing)均(jun)(jun)勻撒(sa)入剛滲水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)中(zhong),上(shang)(shang)蓋1cm厚(hou)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)蓋塑(su)料(liao)膜保(bao)濕保(bao)溫。為(wei)了防止出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)戴帽,可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)剛拱(gong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)再(zai)(zai)覆0.5cm細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou):揭(jie)開(kai)塑(su)料(liao)膜降溫,從幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)拱(gong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)至出(chu)(chu)齊苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),要(yao)(yao)逐漸降苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)溫度(du),保(bao)持(chi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃,夜(ye)間(jian)16-20℃,如發現(xian)(xian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)有(you)裂(lie)裂(lie)縫,可(ke)(ke)(ke)撒(sa)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)彌縫。出(chu)(chu)齊苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至l片真葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),加強放風,保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)22-24℃, 夜(ye)間(jian)12-14℃。 及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),在(zai)(zai)子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)展開(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),淘(tao)汰劣苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)病(bing)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),按(an)1.5-2cm苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)距選(xuan)(xuan)留下(xia)胚軸(zhou)粗(cu)實,子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)舒(shu)展,色澤鮮綠(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。 幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)分苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):當(dang)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)展開(kai)2葉(xie)(xie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),于(yu)分苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)3-4天(tian)(tian)(tian),對(dui)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)低溫鍛煉(lian),白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃,夜(ye)間(jian)12-14℃。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般分苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)按(an)5cm×5cm,第二次(ci)分苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)10cm×10cm,并(bing)(bing)澆足水(shui)(shui),覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)促進(jin)緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。 分苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li),苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)控(kong)水(shui)(shui)控(kong)肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),在(zai)(zai)秧苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)3-4葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi),結(jie)合(he)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)情(qing)追促苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)。 煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):早(zao)(zao)春育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),于(yu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)5-6天(tian)(tian)(tian),只要(yao)(yao)沒(mei)霜,撒(sa)除(chu)任何覆蓋物進(jin)行(xing)(xing)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。 壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)指標:苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)18-22cm,莖(jing)稈粗(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)墩(dun)實,單(dan)株(zhu)(zhu)有(you)9-13葉(xie)(xie)展開(kai),葉(xie)(xie)片肥(fei)厚(hou),葉(xie)(xie)色深綠(lv)具有(you)光澤;根系發達,乳白(bai)(bai)(bai)色,無(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)害;植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)普遍現(xian)(xian)蕾。早(zao)(zao)春季節(jie),6-7片葉(xie)(xie)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。4.產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收獲:適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)分批采收,當(dang)果皮變綠(lv)色,較堅硬且皮色光亮(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)采收。尤其門椒采摘應早(zao)(zao),防止影(ying)響(xiang)上(shang)(shang)層果實膨(peng)大(da)。露(lu)地栽培(pei)必須在(zai)(zai)初霜前(qian)(qian)采收完(wan)畢,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量必須符合(he)NY5005要(yao)(yao)求。5.生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)紀錄要(yao)(yao)求:建立技術(shu)檔(dang)案。將(jiang)青(qing)(qing)椒生(sheng)長過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個技術(shu)環(huan)節(jie)及(ji)(ji)采取措施詳細(xi)記錄,建立檔(dang)案備(bei)查。整枝打杈,門椒采收后(hou)(hou)(hou),植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)基部(bu)易長出(chu)(chu)側枝消(xiao)(xiao)耗養(yang)(yang)分,應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)掉(diao),到(dao)結(jie)果中(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),下(xia)部(bu)椒果采收后(hou)(hou)(hou),應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)、黃葉(xie)(xie)、病(bing)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)(he)無(wu)效葉(xie)(xie),以(yi)利(li)用(yong)通風透光,防止病(bing)蔓(man)延。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)典型(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全規(gui)定(ding)應縣青(qing)(qing)椒含有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)微量元素(su),營(ying)養(yang)(yang)豐富,據科學鑒定(ding):每(mei)(mei)100克青(qing)(qing)椒含維生(sheng)素(su)C0.037%,胡蘿卜素(su)0.011%,礦物質(zhi)0.034%,碳水(shui)(shui)化合(he)物0.0018%和(he)(he)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)等(deng)(deng)人體所必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量物質(zhi),長期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食用(yong),不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)潤滑肌膚,駐留青(qing)(qing)春,強身壯(zhuang)(zhuang)骨(gu),補脾益氣,生(sheng)身調經(jing),而且可(ke)(ke)(ke)預防和(he)(he)減輕(qing)腦血(xue)(xue)栓、敗血(xue)(xue)病(bing)、血(xue)(xue)吸蟲(chong)、乳腺增生(sheng),并(bing)(bing)對(dui)胃癌、肺(fei)癌、肝(gan)癌、子(zi)宮癌、乳腺癌等(deng)(deng)病(bing)癥(zheng)也有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)療效。