一.產品介紹
靈(ling)石(shi)荊(jing)條(tiao)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)非常悠久。當(dang)地(di)(di)文獻(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)最早可(ke)追溯到明朝萬歷年(nian)間,靈(ling)石(shi)民(min)間就(jiu)有(you)飼(si)養中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)蜜(mi)峰(簡稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)峰)的(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)。明末清初著名的(de)(de)社會思想家(jia)、文學(xue)家(jia)、醫學(xue)家(jia)、書畫家(jia)、詩人(ren)傅山先生游(you)學(xue)靈(ling)石(shi)時,在石(shi)膏(gao)山后(hou)寨(zhai)門(men)看到石(shi)壁的(de)(de)洞(dong)穴上有(you)蜂(feng)窩(wo)下有(you)蜜(mi)源的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方,觸景生情,曾作《義蜂(feng)》詩一(yi)首(shou),借詠蜜(mi)蜂(feng)以喻其反清復(fu)明的(de)(de)不渝之志(zhi)。詩曰:“群(qun)蜂(feng)失其主(zhu)(zhu),浩蕩往來(lai)飛;苦蜇撩人(ren)打(da),甘心得死(si)歸(gui);穿花(hua)(hua)紅乍落(luo),入林綠全(quan)腓;燒(shao)睫君(jun)臣淚,無從(cong)(cong)濕征衣。”據靈(ling)石(shi)文史(shi)叢書《老城記(ji)憶》書中(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)載(zai)民(min)國(guo)年(nian)間,靈(ling)石(shi)經歷了(le)(le)翻云(yun)覆雨、朝令夕改的(de)(de)動蕩歲月,就(jiu)是在這新舊體制的(de)(de)交(jiao)替(ti)中(zhong)(zhong),1931年(nian)迎來(lai)了(le)(le)新一(yi)任澤(ze)區(qu)(qu)長李凱(kai)鵬,在他(ta)主(zhu)(zhu)政期間智(zhi)斗軍閥,避(bi)免(mian)了(le)(le)兵(bing)禍的(de)(de)蹂躪,為當(dang)地(di)(di)百姓所(suo)稱(cheng)頌,同時著手大(da)(da)力(li)發展經濟建(jian)設,積極提(ti)倡養蜂(feng),在實地(di)(di)調(diao)查的(de)(de)基礎上提(ti)出“本(ben)邑境內山嶺重(zhong)疊(die),野花(hua)(hua)頗多,對養蜂(feng)頗為相宜”。所(suo)以他(ta)組織人(ren)員設立了(le)(le)養蜂(feng)傳習所(suo),派人(ren)去省農務(wu)局學(xue)習技術,回(hui)縣后(hou)大(da)(da)力(li)推(tui)廣意(yi)大(da)(da)利黃金蜂(feng)種一(yi)百余(yu)群(qun),使靈(ling)石(shi)的(de)(de)養蜂(feng)事(shi)業從(cong)(cong)此有(you)了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)發展。《靈(ling)石(shi)民(min)俗(su)風情》一(yi)書中(zhong)(zhong),記(ji)錄了(le)(le)民(min)間傳唱的(de)(de)歌謠“夸特產”中(zhong)(zhong)唱到“荊(jing)條(tiao)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)甜圪津津”。《靈(ling)石(shi)縣志(zhi)》所(suo)載(zai)本(ben)縣屬(shu)土(tu)石(shi)山區(qu)(qu),氣候溫和(he)(he),汾(fen)河兩岸(an)及(ji)東西兩山蜜(mi)源植(zhi)物主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)荊(jing)條(tiao)、狼牙、洋槐(huai)、蕎花(hua)(hua)等(deng)。輔助蜜(mi)粉(fen)(fen)源植(zhi)物有(you)地(di)(di)寸草(cao)、塵頭草(cao)、益母(mu)草(cao)、野菌花(hua)(hua)、葵花(hua)(hua)、馬茹、伏(fu)里條(tiao)、酸棗、棗樹(shu)(shu)、榆樹(shu)(shu)、楊樹(shu)(shu)、柳樹(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)各種果樹(shu)(shu)等(deng)20余(yu)種。東山林區(qu)(qu)還有(you)圪尖、椴樹(shu)(shu)、苔條(tiao)、山荊(jing)芥(jie)等(deng)幾十種蜜(mi)粉(fen)(fen)源植(zhi)物。其次,毗鄰晉中(zhong)(zhong)盆地(di)(di)有(you)大(da)(da)面積油(you)菜(cai)、棗花(hua)(hua)、棉花(hua)(hua)、葵花(hua)(hua)等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)蜜(mi)源。
沁源縣有大面積圪尖和狼牙,均可供小轉地采集。尤其本縣荊條蜜源,為全省三大荊花蜂蜜之重點產區。所產荊花蜂蜜色鮮味好濃度大,質量高。按(an)照蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉植物資源計算,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)可(ke)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)2萬(wan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),其(qi)中(zhong)荊(jing)(jing)花蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)在低產(chan)(chan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)產(chan)(chan)20萬(wan)斤(jin),中(zhong)等年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)40萬(wan)斤(jin),高(gao)產(chan)(chan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)產(chan)(chan)60萬(wan)斤(jin),若全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)部利用,一般年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)可(ke)達100萬(wan)斤(jin)以上。民國(guo)(guo)二十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)843箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),品種有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)意大利蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),分布于仁義、桃鈕等地(di)。民國(guo)(guo)三(san)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1944年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)253箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)500余(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)飼養(yang)百余(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)643箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)2.25萬(wan)斤(jin)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)857箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)52.99萬(wan)斤(jin)。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)1124箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)3.93萬(wan)斤(jin)。1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),成立縣(xian)(xian)國(guo)(guo)營蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場舉辦(ban)三(san)期養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術培訓班學(xue)員(yuan)70余(yu)人。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)1679箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)5.87萬(wan)斤(jin)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),社辦(ban)起集(ji)體(ti)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)6000箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)19.2萬(wan)斤(jin)。1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)2800箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)8.68萬(wan)斤(jin)。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),從(cong)吉林省養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)研究(jiu)所種蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場引(yin)進法國(guo)(guo)喀尼(ni)阿蘭蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)1680箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),產(chan)(chan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)4.83萬(wan)斤(jin)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),引(yin)進羅馬尼(ni)亞喀爾巴阡蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)美國(guo)(guo)意蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)1517箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),實現蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群良種化,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)6.68萬(wan)斤(jin),蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蠟6700斤(jin),飼養(yang)量(liang)較(jiao)多的(de)有(you)(you)(you)兩渡、城(cheng)關(guan)(guan)、夏(xia)門(men)、富家灘、南(nan)關(guan)(guan)、交口(kou)、段純(chun)、仁義等鄉鎮,其(qi)中(zhong)飼養(yang)100箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以上的(de)個體(ti)戶(hu)有(you)(you)(you)8戶(hu)。此外(wai),1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia)季有(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、安徽、湖南(nan)、湖北、陜西(xi)(xi)等省地(di)的(de)國(guo)(guo)營、集(ji)體(ti)及個體(ti)戶(hu)計3000至5000箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群到(dao)本(ben)縣(xian)(xian)境內采(cai)釀荊(jing)(jing)花蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)。山(shan)西(xi)(xi)科技出(chu)版的(de)農(nong)村科技致富叢(cong)書(shu),養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)與蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)關(guan)(guan)產(chan)(chan)品開發書(shu)中(zhong)寫到(dao)太行山(shan)的(de)荊(jing)(jing)條漫山(shan)遍野(ye),為(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)著名的(de)夏(xia)季蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源基(ji)地(di),以沁水、陽泉(quan)、靈(ling)(ling)石三(san)縣(xian)(xian)市為(wei)中(zhong)心,聯接周邊各地(di)縣(xian)(xian)形成較(jiao)集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)三(san)大片,而唯(wei)獨(du)野(ye)生紫花荊(jing)(jing)條集(ji)中(zhong)分布于靈(ling)(ling)石縣(xian)(xian)。
靈(ling)石歷史(shi)上(shang)的荊條(tiao)蜂蜜(mi)(mi),原(yuan)為中(zhong)峰所(suo)產(chan)(chan),那時(shi)候人(ren)們養(yang)(yang)蜂是把野生的中(zhong)峰收回家養(yang)(yang),飼養(yang)(yang)方法模擬野外中(zhong)峰生活方式,在(zai)土墻壁上(shang)鑿洞嵌入瓦罐或陶(tao)甕飼養(yang)(yang)之,每年花期結束(shu)后(hou)割一次蜜(mi)(mi)脾,群產(chan)(chan)蜜(mi)(mi)約5公(gong)斤左右。 二十(shi)世紀三、四十(shi)年代,靈(ling)石有(you)(you)人(ren)引進了(le)(le)意(yi)蜂,開始了(le)(le)活框飼養(yang)(yang)蜜(mi)(mi)蜂和按花期取(qu)蜜(mi)(mi),靈(ling)石荊條(tiao)蜂蜜(mi)(mi)的質量和純度都有(you)(you)了(le)(le)明(ming)顯提高。二十(shi)世紀七(qi)、八(ba)十(shi)年代,靈(ling)石縣成(cheng)立了(le)(le)山西(xi)省第一個(ge)養(yang)(yang)蜂協會,實現了(le)(le)優(you)種(zhong)化飼養(yang)(yang)和生產(chan)(chan)。近年來有(you)(you)許(xu)多養(yang)(yang)蜂界(jie)知名(ming)人(ren)士來靈(ling)石對荊條(tiao)蜂蜜(mi)(mi)調研,對其(qi)品質贊(zan)不(bu)絕口,荊條(tiao)蜂蜜(mi)(mi)已成(cheng)為靈(ling)石縣的重要出口商品,遠(yuan)銷(xiao)德(de)、英、法、日等國(guo),在(zai)國(guo)際上(shang)享(xiang)有(you)(you)盛名(ming)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:蜂蜜蜜源野生荊條遍布靈(ling)石(shi)境內(nei),適應性(xing)極強,耐嚴寒、干(gan)旱和鹽(yan)(yan)堿。對土(tu)壤(rang)要求不嚴,在肥地(di)(di)(di)、瘠地(di)(di)(di)、砂(sha)質(zhi)、石(shi)礫質(zhi)、河(he)(he)卵石(shi)灘、石(shi)灰質(zhi),以(yi)及各種(zhong)巖石(shi)風化母質(zhi)之(zhi)上均能良(liang)好生長,生長適宜土(tu)壤(rang)pH值為(wei)6~8。其主根發達(da),能伸入巖石(shi)縫隙深處,側根、須根少。靈(ling)石(shi)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處渭裂谷(gu)系太原(yuan)、臨汾兩(liang)大(da)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)隆起地(di)(di)(di)帶,屬于(yu)山西谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)汾河(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)殼,大(da)地(di)(di)(di)構造由于(yu)受到更新世紀以(yi)來地(di)(di)(di)殼頻繁活動的(de)影響(xiang)和漫長歲月的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)侵蝕(shi),形成(cheng)了山巒起伏(fu)、溝壑縱橫的(de)地(di)(di)(di)形,土(tu)壤(rang)類型有山區(qu)草甸(dian)土(tu)、棕壤(rang)土(tu)、淋(lin)溶褐(he)(he)(he)土(tu)、山地(di)(di)(di)褐(he)(he)(he)土(tu)、淡褐(he)(he)(he)性(xing)土(tu)、淡褐(he)(he)(he)土(tu)、黃土(tu)質(zhi)垣地(di)(di)(di)炭酸鹽(yan)(yan)褐(he)(he)(he)土(tu)、淺色草甸(dian)土(tu)等(deng)八種(zhong)pH值為(wei)6.1~8.4為(wei)荊條的(de)生長體供了良(liang)好的(de)環境。縣(xian)境內(nei)東部是(shi)霍山區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)較高(gao),高(gao)度多在1100米(mi)以(yi)上,其主峰(feng)牛角(jiao)鞍(an)海(hai)拔(ba)2566.6米(mi),為(wei)縣(xian)區(qu)內(nei)最(zui)高(gao)峰(feng);西部屬呂梁山區(qu),縣(xian)境邊(bian)界中華山,海(hai)拔(ba)1335米(mi),為(wei)西部最(zui)高(gao)點;中部為(wei)汾河(he)(he)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di),標高(gao)575-740米(mi)。南側丘陵區(qu),海(hai)拔(ba)950-120米(mi)之(zhi)間(jian)。一般特點是(shi)山頂耕地(di)(di)(di),兩(liang)邊(bian)撩荒(huang),田草相(xiang)間(jian),穿(chuan)插排(pai)列,片掌大(da)小不一,參差不齊;只有東部馬和、西許地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)差較大(da),植被有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)垂直分布規律。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:靈石(shi)縣(xian)全境屬黃(huang)河流域、汾(fen)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi);全縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總量為0.8407億立方(fang)(fang)米,其中(zhong)河川徑流量為0.4470億立方(fang)(fang)米,地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)量為0.3937億立方(fang)(fang)米;人均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)占有量為408立方(fang)(fang)米,畝均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)占有量211立方(fang)(fang)米;而且,縣(xian)境內年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量近年來一般都在500毫米以上,最多可達650毫米,足(zu)夠滿足(zu)荊條的需水(shui)(shui)(shui)要求。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況:靈石屬暖溫(wen)帶大陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)。春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱多(duo)風,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨(yu),秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)秋高氣(qi)爽,冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)少雪(xue)干冷。緯度較(jiao)高、日照充(chong)足、晝夜溫(wen)差大,縣境內年(nian)(nian)降水量近年(nian)(nian)來一般都在500毫米(mi)(mi)以上,最多(duo)可達(da)650毫米(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)10℃度左右(you),相對濕度60%左右(you),年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)140天,是(shi)野生(sheng)荊(jing)條(tiao)獨(du)特的(de)生(sheng)長氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
靈石(shi)荊條蜂蜜地理標(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)品保護(hu)范(fan)圍為山西(xi)省(sheng)晉(jin)中市(shi)靈石(shi)縣境內的翠峰鎮(zhen)、兩渡鎮(zhen)、夏門(men)鎮(zhen)、段純鎮(zhen)、交口鄉(xiang)、英武鄉(xiang)、王禹(yu)鄉(xiang)、壇鎮(zhen)鄉(xiang)8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)192個行(xing)政村。地理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經112°28′—113°01′,北緯(wei)37° 12′—37°3′。東(dong)北與介休市(shi)相依,北部與孝義市(shi)交界,西(xi)南與汾(fen)西(xi)縣毗(pi)鄰,西(xi)北與交口縣接壤(rang),總面積1.7萬公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量50萬公(gong)斤。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:色澤艷,呈半透(tou)明琥(hu)珀狀;結晶細(xi)膩乳白,氣(qi)味(wei)芬芳,口感甜而不膩。
2、內在(zai)品質(zhi): 靈石荊條蜂(feng)蜜(mi)含果(guo)糖(tang)(tang)和葡萄糖(tang)(tang)≥60、蔗糖(tang)(tang)≤5、淀(dian)粉酶活性值≥4,鋅≤25。
3、安(an)全(quan)要求:靈(ling)石(shi)荊(jing)條(tiao)蜂蜜生產(chan)應(ying)符(fu)合中華人民(min)(min)共和(he)國國家GB14963-2011標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)中華人民(min)(min)共和(he)國農(nong)業行業NY5134-2008標(biao)準(zhun),禁用氯(lv)霉素、硝基(ji)咪唑類(lei)、硝基(ji)呋喃類(lei)藥物。同時在產(chan)品中鉛含(han)量(liang)不得超標(biao)保證產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)。