產品簡介
灌(guan)陽雪梨(li)三(san)月上旬開花八月成熟(shu)。其果大質(zhi)優(you),外形(xing)美觀,果皮(pi)薄(bo),肉質(zhi)細嫩,汁(zhi)多風味濃,香(xiang)甜可(ke)口(kou),清脆化渣(zha),果心(xin)小,可(ke)食率高。經測定可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)達(da)13.6%,無機鹽,類(lei)有(you)潤肺(fei)心(xin)、化痰止(zhi)咳和清熱解毒等功效,深受人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)青瞇,早在五、六十年(nian)代(dai)陽灌(guan)雪梨(li)就(jiu)暢(chang)銷港澳及(ji)東(dong)南亞一(yi)帶。八十年(nian)代(dai)經有(you)關專(zhuan)家鑒(jian)定為(wei)全國最(zui)(zui)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)之一(yi),1991-1993年(nian)又經區水(shui)果辦緩(huan)緩(huan)廣(guang)西(xi)農大、農科院、農業(ye)廳、柑桔研究所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)家重新鑒(jian)定為(wei)廣(guang)西(xi)最(zui)(zui)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)品種。
地域范圍
地域范(fan)圍包括(kuo)灌(guan)陽縣灌(guan)陽鎮(zhen)、黃關(guan)鎮(zhen)、新街鄉(xiang)、新圩鄉(xiang)、水車鄉(xiang)、文(wen)市(shi)鎮(zhen)、觀音閣(ge)鄉(xiang)、洞井鄉(xiang)、西山鄉(xiang)等9個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),其中主產地是灌(guan)陽鎮(zhen)、黃關(guan)鎮(zhen)、文(wen)市(shi)鎮(zhen)和(he)新街鄉(xiang)。灌(guan)陽縣位于廣西東(dong)北(bei)部(bu),地處(chu)東(dong)經110°43′16″-111°20′13″,北(bei)緯25°10′32″-25°45′37″,海(hai)拔180-2009米。接(jie)兩省(sheng),連三縣,東(dong)與(yu)湖南省(sheng)道縣,江永縣交(jiao)界,西與(yu)興安縣、靈川縣毗鄰,南與(yu)恭城(cheng)縣接(jie)壤,北(bei)與(yu)全(quan)(quan)州縣相連,東(dong)有(you)都龐嶺(ling),西有(you)海(hai)洋山,呈柳葉(xie)形。南北(bei)長(chang)90公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西寬39公(gong)里(li),屬喀斯(si)特巖溶(rong)地貌,全(quan)(quan)縣總面積1838平方公(gong)里(li)(183799公(gong)頃)。
自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
(1)地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌:灌(guan)陽縣地(di)(di)(di)層最(zui)早(zao)起源于早(zao)寒武紀,以泥(ni)盆(pen)紀相(xiang)沉(chen)積為主,燕山(shan)(shan)運(yun)動造就了都龐(pang)嶺、海(hai)洋山(shan)(shan),形成現在的灌(guan)陽地(di)(di)(di)貌雛型和由花崗巖(yan)、砂(sha)頁(ye)巖(yan)、砂(sha)巖(yan)、頁(ye)巖(yan)、紫色砂(sha)(頁(ye))巖(yan)、石灰巖(yan)及(ji)洪積、第四紀紅土等組(zu)成復雜(za)的地(di)(di)(di)質結(jie)構;以中山(shan)(shan)為主的山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵河谷地(di)(di)(di)貌。海(hai)拔最(zui)低點180米(mi),最(zui)高(gao)點2009米(mi),灌(guan)江由南向(xiang)北(bei)縱貫全縣。境內山(shan)(shan)清水秀,山(shan)(shan)巒疊嶂(zhang),地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌錯(cuo)綜復雜(za),為喀期特巖(yan)溶地(di)(di)(di)貌,大體分為“八山(shan)(shan)一耕地(di)(di)(di),半水半村莊”。
(2)土(tu)壤狀況:雪(xue)梨(li)(li)產區的成土(tu)母質(zhi)主要(yao)有(you):洪積物、沖積物、石(shi)灰巖(yan)、砂頁(ye)巖(yan)、紫色(se)巖(yan)。pH值(zhi)在(zai)5.5-6.5之(zhi)間(jian),有(you)機質(zhi)含量在(zai)2-3%之(zhi)間(jian),土(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou),活土(tu)層(ceng)在(zai)50厘米(mi)以上,地(di)下水位(wei)在(zai)1米(mi)以下。土(tu)壤質(zhi)地(di)以壤土(tu)和(he)粘壤土(tu)為(wei)主,少量沙壤土(tu)。幼齡果園每年(nian)種(zhong)植綠肥3000公斤/畝(mu)左右,因此果園土(tu)壤多(duo)為(wei)壤土(tu),團粒結構好(hao),深厚(hou)肥沃、有(you)良好(hao)的通透(tou)性和(he)蓄(xu)水性,保(bao)水保(bao)肥能力強,非常適合雪(xue)梨(li)(li)生長。
(3)水(shui)(shui)文情況:全縣水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富,呈羽(yu)狀分布,灌江(jiang)是唯一的(de)主干河流,注入湘(xiang)江(jiang),屬長江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系。灌江(jiang)在本縣長119公里(li),它有(you)觀音閣鄉、洞(dong)井鄉、西山鄉、黃關鎮的(de)廣闊(kuo)森林植(zhi)被形成的(de)“綠色水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)”涵育水(shui)(shui)分。集雨面(mian)積1769.24平方(fang)公里(li),占全縣總面(mian)積的(de)96.3%,年均經流總量246600萬立(li)方(fang)米,年均流量73.2立(li)方(fang)米/秒。畝(mu)耕地有(you)水(shui)(shui)805立(li)方(fang)米。縣內一級干流和(he)二級支流共23條。全縣年均降水(shui)(shui)總量31億立(li)方(fang)米,徑流深1207.8立(li)方(fang)米。外縣客水(shui)(shui)流入面(mian)積為160.79平方(fang)公里(li)占8%。地下水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質優良,沒有(you)人為及工業污染,是理想的(de)工農業生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。
(4)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:灌陽縣(xian)屬中亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,光(guang)照(zhao)充足,溫(wen)和濕潤(run)(run)(run),四季(ji)分明(ming),冬短夏長(chang),干濕季(ji)節明(ming)顯(xian)。全年基本上無明(ming)顯(xian)高(gao)溫(wen)、嚴(yan)寒。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.9℃,其中常年年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)最(zui)低溫(wen)為-1.6℃,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)極(ji)端高(gao)溫(wen)39℃,極(ji)端低溫(wen)-5.8℃,≥10℃的積(ji)溫(wen)5384.5℃,年有效積(ji)溫(wen)3031℃,無霜期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)286天。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)1538.4毫(hao)米;年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)1416.3小時,日(ri)照(zhao)百分率為31%;年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕度(du)78%,屬濕潤(run)(run)(run)或半濕潤(run)(run)(run)地區。常年3月~6月相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕度(du)較高(gao),一般在84%以上,10月相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕度(du)較低,月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)最(zui)小相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕度(du)為76%。雪(xue)梨生長(chang)與光(guang)溫(wen)同期(qi),對(dui)(dui)產量(liang)、品(pin)質的形成(cheng)極(ji)為有利(li)。優越的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件有利(li)于灌陽雪(xue)梨的生長(chang)。
(5)人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)情(qing)況:灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處廣(guang)西(xi)東北(bei)部,屬農業、商(shang)貿、旅游(you)區(qu)。莽莽森林,山清(qing)(qing)水(shui)秀,洞奇石(shi)美,風景名(ming)(ming)勝甚多,有(you)(you)烏龍披(pi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、龍崗擁秀、柏亭(ting)別意(yi)、王樓晚(wan)渡、靈巖秋月(yue)、三(san)峰煙雨(yu)、紫竹掃臺等旅游(you)勝地(di),有(you)(you)著(zhu)厚重(zhong)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化和深厚的(de)(de)文(wen)化底蘊。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)傳統(tong)(tong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),據載(zai)(zai)在(zai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)民間已有(you)(you)三(san)百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)栽(zai)培歷(li)史(shi)。關于灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)最(zui)早(zao)記載(zai)(zai),是在(zai)舊《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》(康熙(xi)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)中(zhong),稱(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)水(shui)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)青皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)早(zao)禾梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)最(zui)上”,可見在(zai)康熙(xi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)已有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)栽(zai)培。《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》(道(dao)光二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))興地(di)風俗類(lei)摘出,物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)之屬有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)記載(zai)(zai),稱(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)熟(shu)也(ye)可食”,至(zhi)光緒丁未年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志也(ye)有(you)(you)類(lei)似的(de)(de)記載(zai)(zai)。民國(guo)時期《廣(guang)西(xi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)監》(第二(er)回)稱(cheng)“灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)質清(qing)(qing)脆(cui),可與天(tian)津(jin)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)比美”。雖然早(zao)有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)記載(zai)(zai),直到清(qing)(qing)宣統(tong)(tong)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1910年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))才第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)出現雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)數據,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)1200石(shi)(72噸(dun)),為(wei)當時桂林府屬11個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)出產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。民國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)574噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值達84100元。由(you)(you)于品(pin)(pin)質優(you)良(liang),灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)民國(guo)初就暢銷(xiao)(xiao)香港、澳門及東南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。《廣(guang)西(xi)壯族自治區(qu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))將其列為(wei)全(quan)區(qu)同(tong)類(lei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)之首。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九八四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)出版(ban)的(de)(de)《中(zhong)國(guo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)栽(zai)培學(xue)》第二(er)卷(juan)、第二(er)章介紹(shao)砂(sha)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),稱(cheng)“廣(guang)西(xi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是我國(guo)有(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)砂(sha)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。在(zai)由(you)(you)華(hua)南農業大(da)學(xue)主(zhu)編的(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)高(gao)等農業院校(xiao)教材(cai)《果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)栽(zai)培學(xue)各(ge)論》梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)要種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)和品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)節(jie)中(zhong),介紹(shao)了灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),“原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)廣(guang)西(xi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang),為(wei)廣(guang)西(xi)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)有(you)(you)小(xiao)把子(zi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),大(da)把子(zi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和假雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)八月(yue)中(zhong)旬成熟(shu),可貯至(zhi)次(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)月(yue)”。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)世紀(ji)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)經(jing)有(you)(you)關專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)優(you)質的(de)(de)砂(sha)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),堪稱(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)之王”。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),進(jin)行雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)優(you)良(liang)單株選育,進(jin)入二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)世紀(ji)后(hou),通過(guo)實(shi)施優(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)工程,大(da)力推(tui)廣(guang)拉(la)枝(zhi)促花(hua)、疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋、頻振(zhen)式殺蟲燈誘蟲等一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列新(xin)技術后(hou),雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量和品(pin)(pin)質大(da)大(da)提高(gao)。由(you)(you)于雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)適應性強,豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)銷(xiao)(xiao)售期長(每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)8月(yue)到10月(yue)),果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)質量好(hao),有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)保健作用,深受消(xiao)費(fei)者喜愛,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)(xiao)湖南、湖北(bei)、廣(guang)東等大(da)中(zhong)城市及加(jia)拿大(da)、港澳、東南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲“廣(guang)西(xi)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)號,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)無公(gong)害水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)定,2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)無公(gong)害水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)。到2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)止,栽(zai)培面積達2000公(gong)頃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量達3.51萬噸(dun),是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)農村經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業,是農民增收(shou)的(de)(de)主(zhu)渠(qu)道(dao)。
灌(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)雪梨(li)最先在(zai)紅旗鄉(現在(zai)的(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen))長坪村(cun)種植(zhi),而(er)后,逐步推(tui)廣到附近的(de)(de)大(da)仁(ren)(ren)村(cun)、秀鳳(feng)村(cun)和文市鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)達溪村(cun)、新街鄉的(de)(de)江口村(cun)。現以(yi)大(da)仁(ren)(ren)村(cun)的(de)(de)米珠(zhu)山屯(tun)(tun)、朱(zhu)安(an)沖屯(tun)(tun)種植(zhi)最多,果質最佳。在(zai)灌(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen)大(da)仁(ren)(ren)村(cun)朱(zhu)安(an)沖屯(tun)(tun)的(de)(de)鳳(feng)凰山,長坪村(cun)的(de)(de)易家屯(tun)(tun),還保留(liu)有成活的(de)(de)約為(wei)120多年樹齡的(de)(de)老雪梨(li)樹。由此可見,灌(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)栽培(pei)雪梨(li)的(de)(de)歷史是比較悠久的(de)(de)。
灌陽雪梨為農(nong)產品地理標(biao)志產品。