產品簡介
灌(guan)陽(yang)雪(xue)梨(li)三月上旬開花八(ba)月成熟(shu)。其果(guo)(guo)大質(zhi)優,外形美觀,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄,肉質(zhi)細嫩,汁多(duo)風味(wei)濃(nong),香甜可口,清(qing)脆化(hua)渣,果(guo)(guo)心小,可食率高。經(jing)測定(ding)(ding)可溶(rong)性固形物達13.6%,無機鹽,類有(you)潤肺心、化(hua)痰止咳(ke)和清(qing)熱(re)解(jie)毒等功效(xiao),深受人們的(de)(de)青瞇(mi),早在(zai)五、六十年代陽(yang)灌(guan)雪(xue)梨(li)就暢銷港澳及(ji)東南亞一帶。八(ba)十年代經(jing)有(you)關專(zhuan)家鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)為全(quan)國最(zui)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)砂梨(li)之(zhi)一,1991-1993年又經(jing)區水果(guo)(guo)辦緩緩廣西(xi)(xi)農大、農科院、農業廳、柑桔研究所的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家重新鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)為廣西(xi)(xi)最(zui)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)砂梨(li)品種。
地域范圍
地域范圍包括灌陽(yang)縣(xian)灌陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、黃關鎮(zhen)、新(xin)街鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)圩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、水車鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、文(wen)市鎮(zhen)、觀音閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洞井(jing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)9個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),其中主產(chan)地是灌陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、黃關鎮(zhen)、文(wen)市鎮(zhen)和新(xin)街鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。灌陽(yang)縣(xian)位于廣(guang)西(xi)東(dong)北部(bu),地處東(dong)經110°43′16″-111°20′13″,北緯25°10′32″-25°45′37″,海(hai)拔180-2009米。接(jie)兩(liang)省,連(lian)三縣(xian),東(dong)與(yu)(yu)湖南省道縣(xian),江永(yong)縣(xian)交界,西(xi)與(yu)(yu)興(xing)安縣(xian)、靈川縣(xian)毗鄰,南與(yu)(yu)恭城縣(xian)接(jie)壤,北與(yu)(yu)全(quan)州縣(xian)相連(lian),東(dong)有都龐嶺,西(xi)有海(hai)洋山(shan)(shan),呈柳葉形。南北長90公里(li),東(dong)西(xi)寬39公里(li),屬喀斯(si)特巖溶(rong)地貌,全(quan)縣(xian)總面積(ji)1838平方(fang)公里(li)(183799公頃)。
自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao):灌(guan)陽縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)層最早起源(yuan)于(yu)早寒武紀,以泥(ni)盆紀相沉積為(wei)主,燕山(shan)(shan)運動(dong)造就了都龐嶺、海洋山(shan)(shan),形(xing)(xing)成現在的灌(guan)陽地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)雛型(xing)和由花崗巖(yan)(yan)、砂頁巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)、紫(zi)色砂(頁)巖(yan)(yan)、石灰巖(yan)(yan)及洪積、第(di)四紀紅土等(deng)組成復(fu)(fu)雜(za)的地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)結構(gou);以中山(shan)(shan)為(wei)主的山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵河谷地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)。海拔最低(di)點(dian)180米(mi),最高(gao)點(dian)2009米(mi),灌(guan)江由南向北縱貫(guan)全縣(xian)(xian)。境內山(shan)(shan)清水秀,山(shan)(shan)巒疊嶂(zhang),地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)錯綜(zong)復(fu)(fu)雜(za),為(wei)喀(ka)期特巖(yan)(yan)溶地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao),大體分(fen)為(wei)“八山(shan)(shan)一耕地(di)(di)(di),半(ban)水半(ban)村莊”。
(2)土壤(rang)狀況:雪梨產區的成土母質(zhi)主(zhu)要有:洪(hong)積物、沖積物、石灰巖、砂頁巖、紫(zi)色巖。pH值(zhi)在(zai)(zai)5.5-6.5之間(jian),有機質(zhi)含量在(zai)(zai)2-3%之間(jian),土層深(shen)厚(hou),活土層在(zai)(zai)50厘米以上,地下(xia)水(shui)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)1米以下(xia)。土壤(rang)質(zhi)地以壤(rang)土和粘壤(rang)土為主(zhu),少(shao)量沙壤(rang)土。幼齡(ling)果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)每年種植(zhi)綠肥(fei)3000公斤(jin)/畝(mu)左(zuo)右,因(yin)此(ci)果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)土壤(rang)多為壤(rang)土,團(tuan)粒結構好(hao),深(shen)厚(hou)肥(fei)沃、有良好(hao)的通透性(xing)和蓄(xu)水(shui)性(xing),保(bao)水(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)能力(li)強(qiang),非常適合雪梨生長。
(3)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:全縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐富,呈羽狀分布,灌江(jiang)(jiang)是唯一的(de)主干河(he)流(liu)(liu),注入湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang),屬(shu)長江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。灌江(jiang)(jiang)在本縣長119公里,它有觀音閣鄉(xiang)、洞(dong)井鄉(xiang)、西山鄉(xiang)、黃關鎮的(de)廣闊森林植被形成的(de)“綠(lv)色水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫”涵育水(shui)(shui)(shui)分。集雨面(mian)(mian)(mian)積1769.24平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里,占(zhan)全縣總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)96.3%,年(nian)均經流(liu)(liu)總量246600萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米,年(nian)均流(liu)(liu)量73.2立(li)(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao)。畝耕地(di)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)805立(li)(li)方(fang)米。縣內一級干流(liu)(liu)和(he)二(er)級支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)共23條。全縣年(nian)均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量31億立(li)(li)方(fang)米,徑流(liu)(liu)深1207.8立(li)(li)方(fang)米。外(wai)縣客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)入面(mian)(mian)(mian)積為(wei)160.79平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里占(zhan)8%。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質優良,沒有人為(wei)及工業(ye)污染,是理想(xiang)的(de)工農業(ye)生(sheng)產和(he)生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。
(4)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang):灌陽縣屬中亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨(yu)量充沛,光照充足,溫(wen)和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潤,四季(ji)分明(ming),冬短夏長,干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)季(ji)節(jie)明(ming)顯(xian)。全年(nian)(nian)基本上無明(ming)顯(xian)高(gao)溫(wen)、嚴(yan)寒。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.9℃,其中常(chang)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)最低(di)溫(wen)為(wei)-1.6℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)極端(duan)高(gao)溫(wen)39℃,極端(duan)低(di)溫(wen)-5.8℃,≥10℃的積(ji)溫(wen)5384.5℃,年(nian)(nian)有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)3031℃,無霜期(qi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)286天。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量1538.4毫米;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照1416.3小(xiao)(xiao)時,日(ri)照百(bai)分率為(wei)31%;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度78%,屬濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潤或(huo)半(ban)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潤地(di)區(qu)。常(chang)年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度較高(gao),一(yi)般在84%以上,10月(yue)(yue)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度較低(di),月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)最小(xiao)(xiao)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度為(wei)76%。雪梨(li)生(sheng)長與光溫(wen)同期(qi),對(dui)產量、品質的形成極為(wei)有利。優越的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件有利于灌陽雪梨(li)的生(sheng)長。
(5)人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)情況:灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)地處廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)東北部(bu),屬(shu)(shu)農(nong)業、商貿、旅游區(qu)。莽(mang)莽(mang)森林,山清(qing)水(shui)秀,洞奇石美(mei),風(feng)景(jing)名勝甚多(duo),有(you)(you)(you)(you)烏(wu)龍(long)披雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、龍(long)崗(gang)擁(yong)秀、柏亭(ting)別意、王樓晚渡、靈巖(yan)秋月、三峰(feng)煙雨、紫竹掃臺等(deng)旅游勝地,有(you)(you)(you)(you)著厚(hou)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化和深厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化底蘊。灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)是(shi)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)傳統(tong)果(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),據載(zai)在灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)間(jian)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三百多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)歷(li)史(shi)。關于(yu)(yu)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)最早(zao)(zao)記(ji)載(zai),是(shi)在舊(jiu)《灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志》(康(kang)熙(xi)四十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄中(zhong),稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)清(qing)水(shui)梨(li)(li)青皮梨(li)(li)早(zao)(zao)禾梨(li)(li)數(shu)(shu)種(zhong)以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)為(wei)最上”,可見在康(kang)熙(xi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)。《灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志》(道光二十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)興地風(feng)俗類摘出,物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄果(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)記(ji)載(zai),稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)熟(shu)也可食(shi)”,至光緒(xu)丁(ding)未年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志也有(you)(you)(you)(you)類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)。民(min)國時(shi)(shi)期《廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)監》(第(di)二回)稱(cheng)(cheng)“灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)質(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)脆,可與天(tian)津(jin)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)比美(mei)”。雖(sui)然早(zao)(zao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)記(ji)載(zai),直到清(qing)宣統(tong)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1910年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))才第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)出現(xian)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據,全縣(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)1200石(72噸(dun)),為(wei)當時(shi)(shi)桂林府屬(shu)(shu)11個縣(xian)唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)出產(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)。民(min)國22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)574噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)(da)84100元。由于(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良,灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)在民(min)國初就暢(chang)銷香港(gang)、澳門(men)及(ji)東南(nan)(nan)亞一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。《廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)壯族自(zi)治區(qu)果(guo)樹(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志》(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)將其(qi)(qi)列(lie)為(wei)全區(qu)同類果(guo)樹(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)首。一(yi)(yi)九八(ba)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)二月出版的(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)國果(guo)樹(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)學》第(di)二卷、第(di)二章介紹(shao)砂(sha)梨(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),稱(cheng)(cheng)“廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)是(shi)我國有(you)(you)(you)(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)梨(li)(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)”。在由華南(nan)(nan)農(nong)業大學主(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全國高(gao)等(deng)農(nong)業院校(xiao)教材(cai)《果(guo)樹(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)學各論》梨(li)(li)主(zhu)(zhu)要種(zhong)類和品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)一(yi)(yi)節中(zhong),介紹(shao)了灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li),“原產(chan)(chan)(chan)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)小把子雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li),大把子雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)和假雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)三個品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地八(ba)月中(zhong)旬(xun)成熟(shu),可貯至次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二月”。二十(shi)世(shi)紀八(ba)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代經有(you)(you)(you)(you)關專家鑒(jian)定為(wei)全國最優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)梨(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),堪(kan)稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)王”。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),進(jin)行(xing)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)優良單株選育,進(jin)入二十(shi)一(yi)(yi)世(shi)紀后(hou),通過(guo)實施優果(guo)工程,大力推廣(guang)(guang)拉枝促花、疏(shu)果(guo)套袋(dai)、頻振式殺蟲燈誘蟲等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)新(xin)技術后(hou),雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量和品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)大大提高(gao)。由于(yu)(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性強,豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan),鮮果(guo)銷售期長(每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)8月到10月),果(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量好,有(you)(you)(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)保健作用,深受消費者喜愛,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷湖南(nan)(nan)、湖北、廣(guang)(guang)東等(deng)大中(zhong)城市及(ji)加拿大、港(gang)澳、東南(nan)(nan)亞一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲“廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)無(wu)公害水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地認(ren)定,2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)無(wu)公害水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)。到2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)止,栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)面積達(da)(da)2000公頃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)(da)3.51萬噸(dun),是(shi)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)農(nong)村(cun)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業,是(shi)農(nong)民(min)增收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)渠道。
灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)梨(li)最先在紅旗(qi)鄉(xiang)(現(xian)在的(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽鎮(zhen)(zhen))長坪村(cun)種植(zhi),而(er)后,逐(zhu)步推(tui)廣到附近的(de)(de)大(da)仁(ren)村(cun)、秀鳳村(cun)和文市(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)達溪(xi)村(cun)、新街鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)江口村(cun)。現(xian)以大(da)仁(ren)村(cun)的(de)(de)米珠山屯、朱(zhu)安(an)沖屯種植(zhi)最多(duo)(duo),果質最佳。在灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)大(da)仁(ren)村(cun)朱(zhu)安(an)沖屯的(de)(de)鳳凰山,長坪村(cun)的(de)(de)易家屯,還(huan)保留有成活的(de)(de)約為120多(duo)(duo)年樹齡的(de)(de)老雪(xue)梨(li)樹。由此可見,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽縣栽(zai)培雪(xue)梨(li)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)是比(bi)較(jiao)悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)(de)。
灌(guan)陽雪梨為農產品地(di)理標志產品。