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產品簡介

灌(guan)陽(yang)雪梨(li)(li)三月(yue)上旬開(kai)花(hua)八(ba)月(yue)成(cheng)熟(shu)。其(qi)果大(da)質(zhi)優，外(wai)形美觀，果皮薄，肉質(zhi)細嫩(nen)，汁多風味濃，香甜可口(kou)，清脆化(hua)渣，果心小，可食(shi)率高。經測定(ding)可溶(rong)性固形物達13．6％，無機鹽(yan),類有潤肺心、化(hua)痰止咳和(he)清熱解(jie)毒等功效，深受人們的(de)青(qing)瞇，早在五、六十年(nian)代陽(yang)灌(guan)雪梨(li)(li)就(jiu)暢銷港澳(ao)及東南亞一(yi)帶。八(ba)十年(nian)代經有關(guan)專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國最優質(zhi)的(de)砂梨(li)(li)之一(yi)，1991-1993年(nian)又經區水(shui)果辦(ban)緩緩廣(guang)西農大(da)、農科院、農業廳、柑桔研究所的(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)重新鑒定(ding)為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)西最優質(zhi)的(de)砂梨(li)(li)品種。

地域范圍

地(di)域范圍(wei)包括灌陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)灌陽(yang)鎮、黃(huang)關鎮、新街鄉(xiang)(xiang)、新圩鄉(xiang)(xiang)、水車鄉(xiang)(xiang)、文(wen)市鎮、觀(guan)音(yin)閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)、洞(dong)井鄉(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)等9個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮，其中主產地(di)是灌陽(yang)鎮、黃(huang)關鎮、文(wen)市鎮和新街鄉(xiang)(xiang)。灌陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于廣西(xi)東北(bei)部,地(di)處東經110°43′16″-111°20′13″，北(bei)緯25°10′32″-25°45′37″,海拔180-2009米。接兩省(sheng)，連(lian)(lian)三縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，東與(yu)(yu)湖南省(sheng)道縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，江永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交界，西(xi)與(yu)(yu)興(xing)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靈川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)毗鄰，南與(yu)(yu)恭城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤，北(bei)與(yu)(yu)全州縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相連(lian)(lian)，東有都龐嶺，西(xi)有海洋山，呈柳葉形。南北(bei)長90公里(li)，東西(xi)寬39公里(li)，屬喀斯特(te)巖溶(rong)地(di)貌(mao)，全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)1838平方公里(li)（183799公頃）。

自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)

（1）地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌：灌(guan)陽縣(xian)地(di)(di)層最(zui)早起源于早寒武(wu)紀(ji)，以泥盆紀(ji)相沉積為主，燕山(shan)(shan)運(yun)動造就了都(dou)龐嶺、海洋山(shan)(shan)，形(xing)(xing)成現在的(de)灌(guan)陽地(di)(di)貌雛型和由花(hua)崗巖、砂(sha)頁巖、砂(sha)巖、頁巖、紫色砂(sha)（頁）巖、石灰巖及洪積、第四紀(ji)紅土等組(zu)成復雜的(de)地(di)(di)質結構；以中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)為主的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)河谷地(di)(di)貌。海拔最(zui)低點180米(mi)，最(zui)高點2009米(mi)，灌(guan)江(jiang)由南向北縱貫(guan)全(quan)縣(xian)。境內山(shan)(shan)清水(shui)秀，山(shan)(shan)巒疊(die)嶂，地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌錯(cuo)綜復雜，為喀期特巖溶地(di)(di)貌，大體分(fen)為“八(ba)山(shan)(shan)一耕地(di)(di)，半水(shui)半村莊(zhuang)”。

（2）土(tu)壤(rang)狀(zhuang)況：雪梨產區的成(cheng)土(tu)母質主要有(you)：洪(hong)積物(wu)、沖積物(wu)、石灰巖、砂頁巖、紫色巖。pH值(zhi)在5.5-6.5之間(jian)，有(you)機質含量(liang)在2-3%之間(jian)，土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)，活土(tu)層(ceng)在50厘米以(yi)上，地下(xia)水(shui)位在1米以(yi)下(xia)。土(tu)壤(rang)質地以(yi)壤(rang)土(tu)和(he)粘壤(rang)土(tu)為主，少量(liang)沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)。幼齡(ling)果(guo)園每年種植綠肥3000公斤/畝左右，因此果(guo)園土(tu)壤(rang)多為壤(rang)土(tu)，團粒結構好(hao)，深(shen)厚(hou)肥沃(wo)、有(you)良好(hao)的通透性(xing)和(he)蓄水(shui)性(xing)，保水(shui)保肥能(neng)力強，非常(chang)適合雪梨生長。

（3）水(shui)文情況：全縣(xian)水(shui)資源豐(feng)富，呈羽狀分(fen)布，灌江是唯一的主干河流(liu)，注(zhu)入湘江，屬長(chang)江水(shui)系(xi)。灌江在(zai)本縣(xian)長(chang)119公里(li)，它有觀音閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)、洞井鄉(xiang)(xiang)、西山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黃關鎮的廣(guang)闊森(sen)林植(zhi)被形成(cheng)的“綠色水(shui)庫”涵育水(shui)分(fen)。集雨面(mian)積(ji)1769.24平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)，占全縣(xian)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的96.3%，年(nian)均(jun)經流(liu)總(zong)量246600萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)，年(nian)均(jun)流(liu)量73.2立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。畝耕地(di)有水(shui)805立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。縣(xian)內一級(ji)干流(liu)和二級(ji)支流(liu)共23條。全縣(xian)年(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)總(zong)量31億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)，徑(jing)流(liu)深1207.8立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。外縣(xian)客水(shui)流(liu)入面(mian)積(ji)為160.79平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)占8%。地(di)下水(shui)水(shui)質優良，沒有人(ren)為及(ji)工(gong)業污染(ran)，是理想的工(gong)農業生產和生活用水(shui)源。

（4）氣(qi)候情(qing)況：灌陽縣屬(shu)中亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區，氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)，雨(yu)量充(chong)沛，光照充(chong)足，溫(wen)(wen)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run)，四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明(ming)，冬(dong)短夏長(chang)(chang)，干濕(shi)(shi)(shi)季(ji)節明(ming)顯。全年(nian)基本上(shang)無明(ming)顯高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)、嚴寒。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17.9℃，其中常年(nian)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均最低溫(wen)(wen)為－1.6℃，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均極端高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)39℃，極端低溫(wen)(wen)－5.8℃，≥10℃的積溫(wen)(wen)5384.5℃，年(nian)有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)3031℃，無霜期(qi)平(ping)(ping)均286天。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降雨(yu)量1538.4毫(hao)米；年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日照1416.3小時，日照百分(fen)(fen)率為31%；年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)78%，屬(shu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run)或半濕(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run)地區。常年(nian)3月～6月相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)較高(gao)，一(yi)般在84%以上(shang)，10月相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)較低，月平(ping)(ping)均最小相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)為76%。雪梨(li)生長(chang)(chang)與(yu)光溫(wen)(wen)同期(qi)，對產量、品質的形成極為有(you)利(li)。優越(yue)的氣(qi)候條件有(you)利(li)于灌陽雪梨(li)的生長(chang)(chang)。

（5）人文(wen)(wen)歷史(shi)情(qing)況：灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西東北部(bu)，屬農業(ye)、商貿、旅(lv)游區。莽(mang)莽(mang)森林，山(shan)清水(shui)(shui)秀，洞奇石美，風(feng)景(jing)名勝甚多，有烏龍(long)(long)披雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、龍(long)(long)崗擁秀、柏亭別意、王樓(lou)晚渡(du)、靈巖秋月、三峰煙雨、紫竹掃(sao)臺(tai)等(deng)旅(lv)游勝地(di)，有著厚重的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化和(he)深厚的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化底蘊。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)是(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)傳統(tong)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，據(ju)載(zai)在(zai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)間已有三百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)栽培(pei)歷史(shi)。關于(yu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)最(zui)早記載(zai)，是(shi)在(zai)舊(jiu)《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》（康熙四(si)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版）物產(chan)(chan)欄中(zhong)，稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)有雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)清水(shui)(shui)梨(li)(li)(li)青皮梨(li)(li)(li)早禾梨(li)(li)(li)數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)為最(zui)上”，可見(jian)在(zai)康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)已有雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)栽培(pei)。《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》（道光二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版）興地(di)風(feng)俗類摘(zhai)出，物產(chan)(chan)欄果(guo)(guo)之(zhi)屬有雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)記載(zai)，稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)熟(shu)也(ye)可食”，至(zhi)光緒丁未年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)也(ye)有類似的(de)(de)記載(zai)。民(min)(min)國(guo)時(shi)期《廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)監》（第(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)回）稱(cheng)(cheng)“灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)清脆，可與(yu)天津雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)比美”。雖然早有雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)記載(zai)，直到(dao)清宣(xuan)統(tong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1910年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）才第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次出現雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)數據(ju)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)1200石（72噸），為當時(shi)桂林府屬11個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)出產(chan)(chan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。民(min)(min)國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)574噸，產(chan)(chan)值達84100元。由于(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)良(liang)，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)在(zai)民(min)(min)國(guo)初就暢銷香港(gang)、澳(ao)門及(ji)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。《廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西壯族(zu)自治區果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)》(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)將(jiang)其列為全(quan)區同類果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)首。一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)八(ba)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月出版的(de)(de)《中(zhong)國(guo)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培(pei)學》第(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)、第(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)章介紹砂梨(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，稱(cheng)(cheng)“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)有名的(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。在(zai)由華南(nan)(nan)(nan)農業(ye)大學主編的(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)高(gao)等(deng)農業(ye)院校(xiao)教材(cai)《果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培(pei)學各論》梨(li)(li)(li)主要種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)節中(zhong)，介紹了灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)，“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)，為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)有小把子(zi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)，大把子(zi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)和(he)假雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)三個品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)八(ba)月中(zhong)旬成熟(shu)，可貯至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月”。二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)八(ba)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代經有關專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒(jian)定為全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，堪(kan)稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)之(zhi)王”。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，進行雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)優(you)良(liang)單株選育，進入二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)紀(ji)后，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)實施優(you)果(guo)(guo)工程(cheng)，大力(li)推廣(guang)(guang)(guang)拉枝促花、疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)套袋、頻振式殺蟲(chong)燈誘蟲(chong)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列新技術(shu)后，雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)大大提高(gao)。由于(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)適應性強，豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)，鮮果(guo)(guo)銷售期長（每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)8月到(dao)10月），果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量好，有獨特的(de)(de)保(bao)健(jian)作用，深受消費者喜(xi)愛，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)遠銷湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)、湖北、廣(guang)(guang)(guang)東等(deng)大中(zhong)城市及(ji)加拿大、港(gang)澳(ao)、東南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西名牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號，2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)定，2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)。到(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)止，栽培(pei)面積達2000公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量達3.51萬(wan)噸，是(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)農村經濟(ji)的(de)(de)重要支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)，是(shi)農民(min)(min)增收的(de)(de)主渠道。

灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)雪梨最(zui)先在紅(hong)旗鄉（現(xian)在的灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)）長坪村(cun)(cun)種植，而后，逐步推廣(guang)到附(fu)近(jin)的大仁(ren)村(cun)(cun)、秀鳳村(cun)(cun)和文(wen)市(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的達溪村(cun)(cun)、新街鄉的江口村(cun)(cun)。現(xian)以大仁(ren)村(cun)(cun)的米珠山屯、朱(zhu)安沖(chong)(chong)屯種植最(zui)多，果質最(zui)佳。在灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)大仁(ren)村(cun)(cun)朱(zhu)安沖(chong)(chong)屯的鳳凰山，長坪村(cun)(cun)的易家屯，還保留有(you)成活(huo)的約為(wei)120多年樹(shu)齡的老雪梨樹(shu)。由此可見，灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)栽(zai)培雪梨的歷史是比較悠久的。

灌陽雪梨為(wei)農產品地理標志產品。