原產地
靈(ling)山香(xiang)雞原(yuan)產(chan)于廣西(xi)壯族自治區欽州(zhou)市靈(ling)山縣,中(zhong)心產(chan)區為靈(ling)山縣伯勞、陸屋、煙墩等鎮。
生長環境
靈(ling)山縣地(di)處六萬大山余脈,廣(guang)西(xi)壯族自治區南部(bu)的北(bei)部(bu)灣(wan)地(di)區。北(bei)靠西(xi)江、南望(wang)北(bei)海、東(dong)鄰玉(yu)林、貴港等市,西(xi)接欽州市南北(bei)兩(liang)區。地(di)勢東(dong)北(bei)略高(gao),西(xi)南部(bu)略低,地(di)形以丘陵為主(zhu),東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)為山地(di),中部(bu)平(ping)原,西(xi)南部(bu)丘陵。屬南亞熱帶季風氣候,溫和多(duo)雨,雨熱同季,夏長(chang)冬短,光照充足。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫21.7℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)為348天。水(shui)資源豐富。農(nong)作(zuo)物主(zhu)要有水(shui)稻(dao)、紅(hong)薯、玉(yu)米、花生(sheng)、木薯,素有“稻(dao)米之鄉”稱號。為靈(ling)山香雞的養殖提供了充實的物質條件。
北部灣地(di)區屬(shu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶,地(di)處東洋界中(zhong)心(xin),年(nian)平均溫度為22℃,是禽(qin)(qin)類適宜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長之地(di),也是原(yuan)(yuan)雞演化(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)地(di),中(zhong)國原(yuan)(yuan)雞就起源于這里(li),故又稱北部灣原(yuan)(yuan)雞。在靈(ling)山(shan)縣多處地(di)點發掘出1萬多年(nian)前的(de)人類骸(hai)骨化(hua)石,另外還出土(tu)過用禽(qin)(qin)鳥骨制作的(de)骨魚鉤、骨針等,說(shuo)明在新石器時(shi)代(dai)早期靈(ling)山(shan)是野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)(yuan)雞的(de)馴養(yang)的(de)起源地(di)之一(yi)。在靈(ling)山(shan)縣部分鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)山(shan)區、丘(qiu)陵,如今仍發現有野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)(yuan)雞,經(jing)鑒定為中(zhong)國原(yuan)(yuan)始雞種三(san)個亞(ya)種之一(yi)的(de)靈(ling)山(shan)亞(ya)種。靈(ling)山(shan)縣民眾素(su)有養(yang)雞的(de)習俗,20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)以前靈(ling)山(shan)香雞是靈(ling)山(shan)縣內唯一(yi)雞種。
生理特征
靈(ling)山(shan)香雞(ji)(ji)特征為(wei)(wei)一麻、兩細、三(san)短(duan)。一麻是(shi)指靈(ling)山(shan)香雞(ji)(ji)母雞(ji)(ji)體(ti)羽以麻羽即(ji)棕(zong)黃(huang)麻羽為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),兩細是(shi)指頭細,脛(jing)特細。三(san)短(duan)是(shi)指頸短(duan)、體(ti)軀短(duan)、腳短(duan)(矮)。靈(ling)山(shan)香雞(ji)(ji)體(ti)軀短(duan),渾(hun)圓,大小(xiao)適中,結(jie)構勻稱,被毛(mao)緊湊,其中短(duan)羽型(xing)雞(ji)(ji)尤為(wei)(wei)突(tu)出。頭小(xiao),清秀,單冠(選(xuan)育(yu)前有玫瑰冠)直立,顏色紅潤,公的高大,母的稍(shao)(shao)小(xiao),冠齒5至7個(ge)。肉垂耳葉紅色,過(guo)去個(ge)別雞(ji)(ji)或(huo)有髻子,或(huo)有胡須,或(huo)有白耳、藍耳。虹彩橘(ju)紅,喙尖、小(xiao),微彎曲,前部色黃(huang),基部大多(duo)數呈粟色。脛(jing)纖細、瘦(shou)小(xiao),橫截(jie)面(mian)稍(shao)(shao)呈三(san)角(jiao)形,表(biao)面(mian)光(guang)滑(hua),磷片(pian)小(xiao),色黃(huang),少量玻璃色或(huo)青灰色,爪細長、甲尖利(li)。脛(jing)側紅,斑細小(xiao)、鮮明,選(xuan)育(yu)前個(ge)別雞(ji)(ji)脛(jing)長毛(mao)。皮(pi)膚淺(qian)黃(huang)色為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),個(ge)別灰白或(huo)灰黑色。皮(pi)薄(bo),脂少,毛(mao)孔小(xiao),表(biao)面(mian)光(guang)滑(hua)。
靈山香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)根據外(wai)(wai)型羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)特點目前共有(you)豐(feng)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)型和(he)短羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)型兩(liang)個品系。公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)頸羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)棕(zong)(zong)紅(hong)或金黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se),體羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以棕(zong)(zong)紅(hong)、赤紅(hong)(深(shen)紅(hong))為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),少(shao)(shao)量棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)或紅(hong)褐色(se)。翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)比體羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)色(se)稍深(shen),近似赤紅(hong)。公(gong)、母(mu)(mu)(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、副(fu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)色(se)相似,其中主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)邊(bian)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),少(shao)(shao)數全(quan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)。副(fu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一半(ban)棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)一半(ban)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、副(fu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)常見有(you)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban),墨綠色(se)。腹羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),少(shao)(shao)部(bu)(bu)分紅(hong)褐色(se),31%含麻(ma)(ma)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban)。5%公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)除頸羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鞍羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、蓑(suo)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai),全(quan)身通黑(hei)(hei)(hei)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尾羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)搖羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)呈墨綠色(se)。母(mu)(mu)(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)類型豐(feng)富,選育(yu)(yu)前有(you)棕(zong)(zong)麻(ma)(ma)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)、褐、棕(zong)(zong),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(含略帶麻(ma)(ma)斑(ban))、灰、紅(hong)、花白(bai)等顏(yan)色(se)。選育(yu)(yu)后的母(mu)(mu)(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群體基本以棕(zong)(zong)麻(ma)(ma)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)(斑(ban)點小)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),兩(liang)者(zhe)分別占49%、26%。其斑(ban)點小,形似魚鱗(lin)狀(zhuang),并集中在背、鞍羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上,翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)少(shao)(shao)量分布。頸羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基部(bu)(bu)多數帶小點黑(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban),形如(ru)芝(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)。胸、腹羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),尾羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)。還有(you)25%的灰、棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)、褐等色(se)。
生長周期
10月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)靈(ling)山香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)平均(jun)體重(zhong)4斤(jin)2兩左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)3斤(jin)7兩左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。靈(ling)山香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)作為肉用型雞(ji)(ji)種(zhong),其(qi)上市最(zui)佳的(de)時(shi)機(ji)為:項雞(ji)(ji)120日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling),閹雞(ji)(ji)180日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling),此(ci)時(shi)肉質結(jie)實(shi)幼嫩,味鮮(xian)美而香(xiang)濃。靈(ling)山香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟早,2周齡(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)仔曾出現有踮腳、張翅、揚脖子開啼的(de)姿勢,3周齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)開啼,80日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟,5月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)體成(cheng)(cheng)熟,此(ci)時(shi)體重(zhong)4斤(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)一般70日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)閹割育肥。母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)平均(jun)130日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)體成(cheng)(cheng)熟開產,體重(zhong)3斤(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),66周齡(ling)(ling)(ling)平均(jun)產蛋量120至(zhi)130個。蛋殼淺褐色,平均(jun)蛋重(zhong)42克(ke)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。少(shao)數雞(ji)(ji)有啄羽現象(xiang),性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟時(shi)公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)啄羽現象(xiang)較(jiao)為嚴(yan)重(zhong)。母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)就(jiu)巢性(xing)(xing)強,每年(nian)就(jiu)巢四至(zhi)五次,每產完一窩(wo)蛋(15至(zhi)20個)就(jiu)開始就(jiu)巢,時(shi)間六(liu)至(zhi)十日(ri),長(chang)者一個月(yue)。
飼養特點
靈(ling)(ling)山香(xiang)雞野性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、善飛(fei)、雞群常飛(fei)上高樹上休(xiu)息,不愿進欄舍(she),易驚群。靈(ling)(ling)山香(xiang)雞在(zai)農(nong)村飼養以(yi)放牧為(wei)主,主要以(yi)當地農(nong)作物以(yi)及農(nong)副產品為(wei)食,如(ru)稻(dao)谷(gu)、米(mi)糠、玉米(mi)、木薯、果(guo)實仔類等,通常米(mi)糠拌剩米(mi)飯。其(qi)對靈(ling)(ling)山的生(sheng)態環境具有較強(qiang)(qiang)的適應性(xing)(xing),抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang),抗(kang)病力強(qiang)(qiang),自然(ran)放牧繁殖性(xing)(xing)能略(lve)低(di),生(sheng)長略(lve)慢。