原產地
靈山(shan)香雞(ji)原產(chan)于廣西壯族自治(zhi)區欽州市靈山(shan)縣,中心產(chan)區為靈山(shan)縣伯勞(lao)、陸屋、煙墩等鎮。
生長環境
靈(ling)山(shan)縣地(di)(di)(di)處六(liu)萬大山(shan)余(yu)脈,廣西(xi)(xi)(xi)壯族自(zi)治(zhi)區南(nan)部的(de)北(bei)部灣(wan)地(di)(di)(di)區。北(bei)靠西(xi)(xi)(xi)江、南(nan)望北(bei)海(hai)、東鄰(lin)玉(yu)林、貴港等市(shi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)接欽州市(shi)南(nan)北(bei)兩區。地(di)(di)(di)勢東北(bei)略高,西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)部略低,地(di)(di)(di)形以丘陵為(wei)主,東北(bei)部為(wei)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),中(zhong)部平原(yuan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)部丘陵。屬(shu)南(nan)亞熱(re)帶季風氣候,溫(wen)和多雨,雨熱(re)同(tong)季,夏長冬(dong)短,光照(zhao)充足。年平均氣溫(wen)21.7℃,無霜期平均為(wei)348天(tian)。水資源豐富(fu)。農作物主要有(you)水稻(dao)、紅薯、玉(yu)米、花(hua)生、木(mu)薯,素有(you)“稻(dao)米之鄉”稱(cheng)號(hao)。為(wei)靈(ling)山(shan)香雞的(de)養殖提供了充實的(de)物質條件。
北(bei)部(bu)灣地(di)區屬亞熱帶(dai),地(di)處東洋界中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),年(nian)平均溫度為(wei)(wei)22℃,是禽(qin)類適宜生(sheng)(sheng)長之(zhi)地(di),也是原(yuan)雞(ji)演化中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)地(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國原(yuan)雞(ji)就起(qi)源于這里,故又稱北(bei)部(bu)灣原(yuan)雞(ji)。在(zai)靈(ling)山(shan)縣(xian)多(duo)處地(di)點(dian)發掘出1萬多(duo)年(nian)前的(de)(de)人類骸骨(gu)化石,另外還出土過用禽(qin)鳥(niao)骨(gu)制作的(de)(de)骨(gu)魚鉤、骨(gu)針(zhen)等,說明在(zai)新石器時代早期靈(ling)山(shan)是野生(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)雞(ji)的(de)(de)馴(xun)養的(de)(de)起(qi)源地(di)之(zhi)一。在(zai)靈(ling)山(shan)縣(xian)部(bu)分鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)山(shan)區、丘陵,如(ru)今仍發現(xian)有(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)雞(ji),經(jing)鑒定(ding)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國原(yuan)始雞(ji)種三(san)個亞種之(zhi)一的(de)(de)靈(ling)山(shan)亞種。靈(ling)山(shan)縣(xian)民眾(zhong)素有(you)養雞(ji)的(de)(de)習俗,20世紀60年(nian)代以前靈(ling)山(shan)香(xiang)雞(ji)是靈(ling)山(shan)縣(xian)內唯一雞(ji)種。
生理特征
靈山(shan)香(xiang)雞特征為(wei)(wei)(wei)一麻(ma)(ma)、兩細、三短(duan)(duan)。一麻(ma)(ma)是指(zhi)(zhi)靈山(shan)香(xiang)雞母雞體羽以麻(ma)(ma)羽即(ji)棕黃麻(ma)(ma)羽為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),兩細是指(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)(tou)細,脛(jing)(jing)特細。三短(duan)(duan)是指(zhi)(zhi)頸短(duan)(duan)、體軀短(duan)(duan)、腳短(duan)(duan)(矮)。靈山(shan)香(xiang)雞體軀短(duan)(duan),渾圓,大小(xiao)適中,結構勻稱,被毛緊(jin)湊(cou),其(qi)中短(duan)(duan)羽型雞尤(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)突出。頭(tou)(tou)小(xiao),清秀(xiu),單冠(guan)(guan)(選(xuan)(xuan)育前有(you)(you)玫瑰冠(guan)(guan))直(zhi)立(li),顏色(se)紅(hong)(hong)潤,公的高大,母的稍小(xiao),冠(guan)(guan)齒(chi)5至7個(ge)。肉垂耳葉紅(hong)(hong)色(se),過(guo)去(qu)個(ge)別雞或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)髻子(zi),或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)胡須,或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)白耳、藍耳。虹彩橘紅(hong)(hong),喙尖、小(xiao),微彎曲(qu),前部(bu)色(se)黃,基部(bu)大多數呈粟色(se)。脛(jing)(jing)纖細、瘦小(xiao),橫截(jie)面(mian)稍呈三角形,表(biao)面(mian)光滑(hua),磷片小(xiao),色(se)黃,少(shao)量玻璃色(se)或(huo)(huo)青灰(hui)色(se),爪細長(chang)、甲尖利。脛(jing)(jing)側紅(hong)(hong),斑細小(xiao)、鮮明(ming),選(xuan)(xuan)育前個(ge)別雞脛(jing)(jing)長(chang)毛。皮膚淺黃色(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),個(ge)別灰(hui)白或(huo)(huo)灰(hui)黑色(se)。皮薄,脂少(shao),毛孔小(xiao),表(biao)面(mian)光滑(hua)。
靈(ling)山香雞(ji)根據(ju)外型(xing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)特點(dian)目前(qian)共有(you)(you)豐羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)型(xing)和短羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)型(xing)兩個(ge)品系。公雞(ji)頸(jing)(jing)(jing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)棕紅(hong)(hong)或(huo)金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),體羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)棕紅(hong)(hong)、赤紅(hong)(hong)(深紅(hong)(hong))為(wei)主(zhu),少(shao)(shao)量棕黃(huang)(huang)或(huo)紅(hong)(hong)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)比體羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)稍深,近似(si)(si)(si)赤紅(hong)(hong)。公、母(mu)雞(ji)主(zhu)翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、副翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)相似(si)(si)(si),其中(zhong)主(zhu)翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)邊黑(hei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)主(zhu),少(shao)(shao)數全黑(hei)。副翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一半棕黃(huang)(huang)一半黑(hei)。主(zhu)、副翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)常見有(you)(you)黑(hei)斑,墨綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。腹羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)棕黃(huang)(huang),少(shao)(shao)部(bu)分(fen)紅(hong)(hong)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),31%含(han)麻黑(hei)斑。5%公雞(ji)除頸(jing)(jing)(jing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鞍羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、蓑羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外,全身通黑(hei)。主(zhu)尾(wei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和搖羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)呈(cheng)墨綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。母(mu)雞(ji)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)類型(xing)豐富,選育前(qian)有(you)(you)棕麻、黃(huang)(huang)麻、黑(hei)、褐、棕,黃(huang)(huang)(含(han)略帶(dai)麻斑)、灰、紅(hong)(hong)、花(hua)白等(deng)顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。選育后的(de)母(mu)雞(ji)群體基(ji)本(ben)以(yi)棕麻、黃(huang)(huang)麻(斑點(dian)小(xiao))為(wei)主(zhu),兩者分(fen)別(bie)占49%、26%。其斑點(dian)小(xiao),形似(si)(si)(si)魚鱗狀,并集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)背、鞍羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上,翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)少(shao)(shao)量分(fen)布。頸(jing)(jing)(jing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)部(bu)多數帶(dai)小(xiao)點(dian)黑(hei)斑,形如芝麻。胸、腹羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大部(bu)分(fen)棕黃(huang)(huang),尾(wei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。還有(you)(you)25%的(de)灰、棕黃(huang)(huang)、黑(hei)、褐等(deng)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。
生長周期
10月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)成(cheng)年靈(ling)(ling)山香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)公(gong)雞(ji)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)4斤2兩左右(you),母(mu)(mu)雞(ji)3斤7兩左右(you)。靈(ling)(ling)山香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)作為(wei)肉(rou)用型雞(ji)種,其(qi)上市最佳(jia)的(de)時(shi)機為(wei):項雞(ji)120日齡(ling)(ling)(ling),閹雞(ji)180日齡(ling)(ling)(ling),此時(shi)肉(rou)質結實幼嫩,味鮮美而香(xiang)(xiang)濃。靈(ling)(ling)山香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟早,2周(zhou)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)公(gong)雞(ji)仔(zi)曾出現有(you)踮腳(jiao)、張(zhang)翅、揚脖子開啼的(de)姿勢,3周(zhou)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左右(you)開啼,80日齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左右(you)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟,5月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左右(you)體成(cheng)熟,此時(shi)體重(zhong)(zhong)4斤左右(you)。公(gong)雞(ji)一(yi)般70日齡(ling)(ling)(ling)左右(you)閹割育肥。母(mu)(mu)雞(ji)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)130日齡(ling)(ling)(ling)體成(cheng)熟開產,體重(zhong)(zhong)3斤左右(you),66周(zhou)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)產蛋量120至130個(ge)。蛋殼淺褐色(se),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋重(zhong)(zhong)42克左右(you)。少數雞(ji)有(you)啄(zhuo)羽現象(xiang),性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟時(shi)公(gong)雞(ji)啄(zhuo)羽現象(xiang)較為(wei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)。母(mu)(mu)雞(ji)就(jiu)巢(chao)性(xing)(xing)強,每(mei)年就(jiu)巢(chao)四至五次,每(mei)產完一(yi)窩蛋(15至20個(ge))就(jiu)開始就(jiu)巢(chao),時(shi)間(jian)六至十日,長者(zhe)一(yi)個(ge)月(yue)。
飼養特點
靈山(shan)香雞(ji)野性強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、善飛(fei)、雞(ji)群常飛(fei)上(shang)高樹上(shang)休(xiu)息,不(bu)愿進欄舍(she),易驚群。靈山(shan)香雞(ji)在農(nong)(nong)村飼(si)養以(yi)(yi)放牧為主,主要(yao)以(yi)(yi)當地農(nong)(nong)作物以(yi)(yi)及農(nong)(nong)副產品為食,如稻谷、米糠、玉米、木薯、果實(shi)仔類(lei)等(deng),通常米糠拌剩米飯。其對靈山(shan)的生態(tai)環境具有較強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的適(shi)應性,抗(kang)(kang)逆(ni)性強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),抗(kang)(kang)病力強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),自(zi)然放牧繁殖性能(neng)略低,生長略慢。