產品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
(1)外在感官特(te)征:占圩紅薯(shu)頂葉色(se)綠、莖(jing)色(se)綠,葉形(xing)缺(que)刻。單株結薯(shu)4-6個,單塊(kuai)重(zhong)200-400克,薯(shu)塊(kuai)呈紡(fang)綞形(xing),薯(shu)皮(pi)紅色(se),薯(shu)肉淡桔紅。生食脆甜,有清香味,熟食軟甜,粗纖維少。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:含淀粉11.5%—13.1%;還原糖(tang)2.36%—3.14%;維生素C15.7mg/100g—17.3 mg/100g;鉀232 mg/100g —283mg/100g ;粗纖維0.59%-0.71%。
(3)質(zhi)量安全要求(qiu)(qiu):占圩(wei)紅薯產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)符合NY/T5010-2016《無公害農產(chan)品 種植業產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)條件》要求(qiu)(qiu)。
地域范圍
東(dong)鄉縣(xian)占圩(wei)鎮(zhen)位于江西省的西部(bu),東(dong)臨本縣(xian)圩(wei)上橋鎮(zhen),西接(jie)臨川區(qu),北靠進(jin)賢縣(xian)。南接(jie)馬圩(wei)鎮(zhen),占圩(wei)紅(hong)薯保(bao)護范圍為(wei)東(dong)鄉縣(xian)占圩(wei)鎮(zhen),保(bao)護范圍位于東(dong)經116°45′08〞—116°51′00〞,北緯(wei)28°08′21〞—28°14′35〞。保(bao)護規模(mo)為(wei)700公頃,年產量18900噸。
自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史(shi)因素
占(zhan)圩地處贛東丘陵與鄱陽湖平(ping)原過渡地帶,屬亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)(ji)風氣候,氣候溫和,雨量豐沛(pei)、光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足、熱量豐富、四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明(ming);年平(ping)均氣溫17.6度,平(ping)均日照(zhao)時間1831.9小(xiao)時,年無霜(shuang)期為271天(tian);土壤多為紅壤,形(xing)成(cheng)了 “占(zhan)圩紅薯”種植的獨特自然(ran)生(sheng)態環(huan)境。
特定生產方式
(1)產地要求(qiu):占圩紅薯要選(xuan)擇陽光充(chong)足(zu)、耕作層深度40-50厘米以上、通氣爽水、富含磷(lin)、鉀成分的(de)紅壤土質種植。
(2)品種選擇:當地占圩紅薯品種。
(3)生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li): ①選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong):選(xuan)(xuan)擇中(zhong)(zhong)等大小(xiao)(xiao)(150克—220克),皮色(se)鮮明無病(bing)斑(ban)的(de)(de)占圩紅薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊做種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。②育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao):占圩紅薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)用溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)床(chuang)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。即(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)擇地下(xia)(xia)水位低(di)、排(pai)水方便(bian)、避風向陽(yang)、3—5年未種(zhong)過(guo)(guo)紅薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)疏松土(tu)壤做為的(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)。將新鮮畜糞、作物(wu)秸稈等釀熱物(wu)分層墊放,厚(hou)度(du)50cm左右(you)。在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)上旬將選(xuan)(xuan)好的(de)(de)種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)按照塊頭(tou)部朝上,底部朝下(xia)(xia),大薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)排(pai)深小(xiao)(xiao)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)排(pai)淺的(de)(de)方式排(pai)種(zhong),排(pai)種(zhong)密度(du)13cm×16cm。排(pai)種(zhong)后(hou)覆(fu)(fu)土(tu),土(tu)層不宜過(guo)(guo)厚(hou),用地膜(mo)低(di)拱覆(fu)(fu)蓋保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。③苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)管(guan)理(li):堅(jian)持前(qian)期(qi)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)催芽,中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)適溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)期(qi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)控(kong)制原則,主要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)低(di)拱膜(mo)的(de)(de)蓋、揭管(guan)理(li)來(lai)調溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。床(chuang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保持在(zai)30℃—35℃,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)超過(guo)(guo)30℃要(yao)及時揭膜(mo)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),在(zai)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不低(di)于20℃時,揭膜(mo)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)不宜過(guo)(guo)干(gan)或(huo)過(guo)(guo)濕,保持床(chuang)土(tu)濕潤。④大田(tian)栽(zai)培(pei):待(dai)5月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬選(xuan)(xuan)擇土(tu)層深厚(hou)、土(tu)質疏松、通(tong)氣良好、肥(fei)沃適度(du)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤深耕(geng)(geng),待(dai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)20cm—25cm左右(you)時即(ji)可(ke)剪苗(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)插(cha)。要(yao)求畝施腐(fu)熟的(de)(de)廄肥(fei)110公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)—150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),石(shi)灰(hui)80公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)—100公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。移(yi)栽(zai)成活后(hou)新蔓(man)長(chang)5cm—10cm時追(zhui)施苗(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)。⑤田(tian)間管(guan)理(li):在(zai)插(cha)后(hou)3天—7天要(yao)及時查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)蔸(dou),對補(bu)栽(zai)的(de)(de)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)實行重點管(guan)。薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)活蔸(dou)后(hou)進行第一次中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng),隔10天—15天再中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)一次,在(zai)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蔓(man)滿田(tian)前(qian)完成第三次中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)。⑥收(shou)獲:占圩紅薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一般在(zai)10月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)(xia)旬初(chu)霜前(qian)收(shou)獲。⑦生(sheng)產記錄(lu):建立完善(shan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產記錄(lu)檔案,確保記錄(lu)檔案可(ke)追(zhui)溯占圩紅薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)實際生(sheng)產全過(guo)(guo)程,檔案資料準確、清晰(xi)、完善(shan)。