產品簡介
甘(gan)(gan)泉紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)盛產(chan)與我國陜西省(sheng)甘(gan)(gan)泉縣(xian)(xian),具有(you)悠久的(de)栽(zai)培歷史。甘(gan)(gan)泉紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)的(de)地理保護范圍(wei)為東(dong)經108°45′34″-109°33′46″,北緯36°6′57″-36°37′33″,主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在甘(gan)(gan)泉縣(xian)(xian)的(de)橋鎮(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、下寺灣鎮(zhen)、石門鄉(xiang)(xiang)、高(gao)哨鄉(xiang)(xiang)、勞(lao)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、城關鎮(zhen)、道鎮(zhen)和東(dong)溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)三鎮(zhen)五鄉(xiang)(xiang),種植面(mian)積達(da)18萬畝,總產(chan)量(liang)突(tu)破1.8萬噸。甘(gan)(gan)泉紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)種皮(pi)為紅(hong)(hong)色(se)、白(bai)薺、短圓柱形、粒(li)直徑4.5mm以(yi)上,每100粒(li)平(ping)均重量(liang)為11.55g,色(se)澤鮮艷、營(ying)養豐富(fu)、顆粒(li)碩大、結(jie)實飽滿,出沙、出成(cheng)率高(gao),富(fu)含(han)多種人體所(suo)需的(de)微量(liang)元素,營(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)穩定,具有(you)很高(gao)的(de)醫(yi)用、食用價值,有(you)良好(hao)的(de)市場競爭力。2005年國家質檢總局第41號公告批準對甘(gan)(gan)泉紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)實施地理標志產(chan)品保護。
產地環境
陜西甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)縣處于黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)高原(yuan)丘陵溝(gou)壑區(qu),海拔950-1625米,土(tu)壤為黃(huang)(huang)綿(mian)(mian)土(tu)、灰(hui)黃(huang)(huang)綿(mian)(mian)土(tu)、草灌(guan)黃(huang)(huang)綿(mian)(mian)土(tu),土(tu)壤表面疏松綿(mian)(mian)軟,通氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)能(neng)好,透水(shui)性(xing)能(neng)較(jiao)強,具(ju)有(you)一定團粒結構,有(you)機(ji)質和(he)其(qi)它有(you)效營養(yang)物質含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)低,含(han)氮量(liang)大(da),含(han)礦(kuang)物質養(yang)分多,土(tu)壤肥(fei)力高,易于培肥(fei)熟(shu)化,無(wu)病(bing)蟲害、無(wu)污染,尤其(qi)適宜延安甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)紅小(xiao)豆的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)。甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)縣受地(di)形和(he)海拔的(de)影(ying)響,氣(qi)(qi)候差異明顯,熱(re)量(liang)分布不(bu)均(jun)(jun),年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)8.9℃,極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)37.5℃,極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-27.1℃,夏季平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)21.0℃,冬季平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-4.6℃,有(you)低溫(wen)(wen)半(ban)(ban)濕(shi)(shi)潤(濕(shi)(shi)潤)一年一熟(shu)區(qu)和(he)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)半(ban)(ban)濕(shi)(shi)潤兩年三熟(shu)區(qu)(或一年兩熟(shu)區(qu))。低溫(wen)(wen)半(ban)(ban)濕(shi)(shi)潤(濕(shi)(shi)潤)區(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)8.0℃-8.4℃,大(da)于或等于0℃的(de)活(huo)動積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)3400-3500℃.無(wu)霜期短,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)140-145天,年降(jiang)水(shui)560-580毫米,熱(re)量(liang)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)豐富(fu)(fu),水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)有(you)限,一年只能(neng)種(zhong)植(zhi)一次。溫(wen)(wen)和(he)半(ban)(ban)濕(shi)(shi)潤區(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)3.2-9.0℃,大(da)于或等于0℃的(de)活(huo)動積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)3550-3750℃,無(wu)霜期平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)145-160天,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)560-580毫米,熱(re)量(liang)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)尚好,無(wu)霜期長,水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)(fu),灌(guan)溉條件優越(yue),可(ke)以兩年三熟(shu)或一年兩熟(shu)。均(jun)(jun)適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)紅小(xiao)豆。
文化背景
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)在(zai)我(wo)國具有(you)悠(you)久的(de)栽培歷(li)史(shi),陜(shan)西省(sheng)甘(gan)泉縣(xian)是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)栽培歷(li)史(shi)較為(wei)(wei)悠(you)久的(de)地區之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)是我(wo)國雜豆(dou)(dou)類的(de)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),其產量(liang)和種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積位于黃豆(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)之(zhi)后(hou),處于第三位。清(qing)朝四十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(1776年)甘(gan)泉知(zhi)縣(xian)王星燭修《甘(gan)泉事(shi)宜》二(er)卷記載:“甘(gan)泉盛產雜豆(dou)(dou),尤以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)為(wei)(wei)先”。李時珍稱紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)為(wei)(wei)“心(xin)之(zhi)谷”,其功用(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)“生津液、利小(xiao)便(bian)、消脹、除(chu)腫、止吐(tu)”,并治“下(xia)痢、解酒毒、除(chu)寒熱(re)痛腫、排膿(nong)散血、而通乳汁……”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)蛋(dan)白質中(zhong)賴氨酸含量(liang)較高,宜與谷類食(shi)(shi)品(pin)混合成豆(dou)(dou)飯或豆(dou)(dou)粥實用(yong)(yong)。《甘(gan)泉縣(xian)志》記載:“民國十八年(1929年)甘(gan)泉縣(xian)旱災嚴(yan)重,糧食(shi)(shi)絕(jue)收,村(cun)民離鄉賣子(zi)、無(wu)以(yi)充饑。唯(wei)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)耐旱而未絕(jue)收,遂以(yi)此豆(dou)(dou)做粥食(shi)(shi)之(zhi),日食(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)餐而不饑”。另據當地一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位105歲老翁(weng)講述:相傳有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)夫(fu)從他鄉歸來,帶回了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色的(de)豆(dou)(dou)子(zi),在(zai)自家(jia)的(de)山洼上用(yong)(yong)鏵式農(nong)具,由(you)牲畜牽引(yin),開溝(gou)施肥、下(xia)種(zhong)(zhong),半月(yue)過(guo)后(hou)。綠(lv)油(you)(you)油(you)(you)的(de)豆(dou)(dou)苗長滿山坡,農(nong)夫(fu)喜出(chu)望外,精(jing)心(xin)間苗鋤草,秋后(hou)產出(chu)鮮紅(hong)(hong)(hong)的(de)豆(dou)(dou)子(zi)。用(yong)(yong)此熬粥,細(xi)膩光(guang)滑,油(you)(you)香撲鼻,食(shi)(shi)后(hou)漸覺渾(hun)身有(you)力,精(jing)神倍增,于是廣傳村(cun)里百姓,紛(fen)紛(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),年復一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年,該村(cun)男子(zi)各個體(ti)壯膀闊,面(mian)色紅(hong)(hong)(hong)潤,雖(sui)年近花甲而精(jing)力不衰,父女個個俊俏秀麗(li),面(mian)若桃花,體(ti)態(tai)婀娜多姿、招人喜愛。究(jiu)其原因,皆為(wei)(wei)常食(shi)(shi)此豆(dou)(dou)所致(zhi),此豆(dou)(dou)亦被稱為(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)瑪(ma)瑙”豆(dou)(dou)、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)”而廣為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),代(dai)代(dai)相傳。