產品簡介
甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)盛產(chan)(chan)與我國(guo)陜西省甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)(quan)縣,具有(you)悠久的(de)栽培歷史。甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)的(de)地理保護范圍為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經108°45′34″-109°33′46″,北緯36°6′57″-36°37′33″,主要分(fen)布在(zai)甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)(quan)縣的(de)橋鎮鄉、下寺灣鎮、石門鄉、高哨鄉、勞山(shan)鄉、城(cheng)關(guan)鎮、道鎮和東(dong)溝鄉三鎮五鄉,種植面(mian)積達18萬畝(mu),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)突(tu)破1.8萬噸。甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)種皮為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)、白薺、短(duan)圓柱形、粒直徑4.5mm以上,每100粒平均重量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)11.55g,色(se)澤(ze)鮮艷、營養豐富(fu)、顆粒碩大、結實(shi)飽滿,出沙、出成(cheng)率(lv)高,富(fu)含多種人體(ti)所需(xu)的(de)微量(liang)(liang)元素(su),營養成(cheng)分(fen)穩定,具有(you)很(hen)高的(de)醫(yi)用、食用價(jia)值,有(you)良好(hao)的(de)市場競爭(zheng)力。2005年國(guo)家質(zhi)檢(jian)總(zong)局第(di)41號公(gong)告批準對(dui)甘(gan)(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)實(shi)施地理標(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品保護。
產地環境
陜西甘泉(quan)(quan)縣(xian)處于(yu)黃土高原(yuan)丘陵溝壑區(qu)(qu)(qu),海(hai)(hai)拔950-1625米(mi)(mi),土壤為黃綿土、灰(hui)黃綿土、草灌黃綿土,土壤表(biao)面疏松(song)綿軟,通(tong)氣(qi)性能(neng)(neng)好(hao),透水性能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)強(qiang),具有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定團粒結(jie)構,有(you)(you)機質(zhi)和其它有(you)(you)效營養物質(zhi)含量(liang)較(jiao)低(di),含氮量(liang)大(da)(da),含礦物質(zhi)養分多,土壤肥力高,易于(yu)培肥熟(shu)化,無(wu)(wu)病蟲(chong)害、無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染,尤其適宜延安甘泉(quan)(quan)紅小豆的(de)(de)種(zhong)植。甘泉(quan)(quan)縣(xian)受(shou)地形和海(hai)(hai)拔的(de)(de)影響,氣(qi)候差異(yi)明顯,熱(re)量(liang)分布不均(jun)(jun),年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.9℃,極(ji)(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)37.5℃,極(ji)(ji)端最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-27.1℃,夏季平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)21.0℃,冬季平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-4.6℃,有(you)(you)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕潤(run)(濕潤(run))一(yi)(yi)(yi)年一(yi)(yi)(yi)熟(shu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和半濕潤(run)兩年三熟(shu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(或(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年兩熟(shu)區(qu)(qu)(qu))。低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕潤(run)(濕潤(run))區(qu)(qu)(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃-8.4℃,大(da)(da)于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)0℃的(de)(de)活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3400-3500℃.無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期短,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)140-145天,年降水560-580毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),熱(re)量(liang)資源(yuan)不豐富,水資源(yuan)有(you)(you)限,一(yi)(yi)(yi)年只能(neng)(neng)種(zhong)植一(yi)(yi)(yi)次。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和半濕潤(run)區(qu)(qu)(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2-9.0℃,大(da)(da)于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)0℃的(de)(de)活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3550-3750℃,無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)145-160天,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)560-580毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),熱(re)量(liang)資源(yuan)尚(shang)好(hao),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期長(chang),水資源(yuan)豐富,灌溉條件優越,可以兩年三熟(shu)或(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年兩熟(shu)。均(jun)(jun)適宜種(zhong)植紅小豆。
文化背景
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)在我(wo)國具有悠久(jiu)的栽培歷史,陜西省甘(gan)(gan)泉縣(xian)是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)栽培歷史較為(wei)悠久(jiu)的地(di)區之一(yi)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)是我(wo)國雜豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)類的主要品種(zhong),其產量和種(zhong)植面(mian)積位于(yu)黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之后(hou),處于(yu)第三位。清朝四十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1776年(nian))甘(gan)(gan)泉知縣(xian)王星燭修(xiu)《甘(gan)(gan)泉事宜(yi)(yi)》二卷記載:“甘(gan)(gan)泉盛產雜豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),尤以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)先”。李時珍稱(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)“心(xin)之谷(gu)”,其功(gong)用(yong)為(wei)“生(sheng)津(jin)液(ye)、利小(xiao)便(bian)、消脹(zhang)、除腫、止吐”,并治“下(xia)痢、解酒毒、除寒熱痛腫、排膿散血、而(er)(er)通(tong)乳汁……”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)蛋白質中賴氨酸含量較高,宜(yi)(yi)與谷(gu)類食(shi)(shi)品混合成(cheng)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)飯或豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)粥實用(yong)。《甘(gan)(gan)泉縣(xian)志》記載:“民(min)國十(shi)八年(nian)(1929年(nian))甘(gan)(gan)泉縣(xian)旱災(zai)嚴重,糧食(shi)(shi)絕收,村民(min)離鄉賣子、無(wu)以(yi)充饑(ji)。唯紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)耐旱而(er)(er)未絕收,遂以(yi)此(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)做粥食(shi)(shi)之,日食(shi)(shi)一(yi)餐而(er)(er)不(bu)饑(ji)”。另據當地(di)一(yi)位105歲老翁講述(shu):相傳(chuan)有一(yi)農夫從他鄉歸來,帶回(hui)了一(yi)些紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色的豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)子,在自(zi)家的山洼上用(yong)鏵式農具,由牲(sheng)畜牽引,開溝施肥、下(xia)種(zhong),半月過后(hou)。綠油(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)的豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)苗長滿山坡,農夫喜出(chu)望(wang)外(wai),精(jing)心(xin)間苗鋤草,秋后(hou)產出(chu)鮮紅(hong)(hong)(hong)的豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)子。用(yong)此(ci)熬(ao)粥,細膩光(guang)滑,油(you)(you)(you)香撲鼻,食(shi)(shi)后(hou)漸覺(jue)渾身有力,精(jing)神倍增,于(yu)是廣傳(chuan)村里百(bai)姓,紛(fen)紛(fen)種(zhong)之食(shi)(shi)用(yong),年(nian)復一(yi)年(nian),該村男子各個(ge)(ge)體壯膀闊(kuo),面(mian)色紅(hong)(hong)(hong)潤,雖年(nian)近花甲而(er)(er)精(jing)力不(bu)衰,父(fu)女個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)俊俏(qiao)秀(xiu)麗,面(mian)若桃花,體態婀娜多姿、招人喜愛。究其原因,皆(jie)為(wei)常食(shi)(shi)此(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所致,此(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)亦被稱(cheng)為(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)瑪瑙”豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”而(er)(er)廣為(wei)種(zhong)植,代代相傳(chuan)。