產品簡介
甘泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)小豆盛產與我國(guo)陜(shan)西省甘泉(quan)(quan)縣,具有(you)悠久的栽(zai)培歷(li)史。甘泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)小豆的地(di)理保護(hu)范圍為東(dong)經108°45′34″-109°33′46″,北緯36°6′57″-36°37′33″,主要分布在甘泉(quan)(quan)縣的橋(qiao)鎮鄉、下寺灣鎮、石(shi)門鄉、高(gao)哨鄉、勞山(shan)鄉、城(cheng)關鎮、道鎮和東(dong)溝鄉三鎮五鄉,種植(zhi)面積達18萬畝,總產量突破1.8萬噸。甘泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)小豆種皮為紅(hong)色、白薺、短圓柱形、粒直徑4.5mm以上,每100粒平均(jun)重量為11.55g,色澤鮮艷、營養(yang)豐富(fu)、顆粒碩大、結實飽滿,出(chu)沙、出(chu)成率(lv)高(gao),富(fu)含多種人體所需的微量元(yuan)素,營養(yang)成分穩定(ding),具有(you)很高(gao)的醫(yi)用、食用價(jia)值,有(you)良好的市場競(jing)爭力。2005年國(guo)家質檢總局第41號(hao)公告批(pi)準(zhun)對甘泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)小豆實施地(di)理標志產品保護(hu)。
產地環境
陜(shan)西(xi)甘泉縣處于(yu)(yu)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)高原丘陵溝壑區(qu),海拔950-1625米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤為黃綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰黃綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草(cao)灌黃綿土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤表面(mian)疏(shu)松綿軟,通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)能好,透(tou)水(shui)性(xing)能較強,具有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定團(tuan)粒結構,有機(ji)質(zhi)和其它有效營養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)含量較低,含氮量大(da),含礦物(wu)質(zhi)養(yang)分多(duo),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)力高,易于(yu)(yu)培肥(fei)熟(shu)化,無(wu)(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)(wu)污染(ran),尤其適(shi)宜延安甘泉紅小豆(dou)的種植(zhi)。甘泉縣受地(di)形和海拔的影響,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)差(cha)異明顯(xian),熱量分布不均(jun)(jun)(jun),年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.9℃,極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)37.5℃,極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-27.1℃,夏季(ji)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)21.0℃,冬季(ji)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-4.6℃,有低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕(shi)潤(run)(run)(濕(shi)潤(run)(run))一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)熟(shu)區(qu)和溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和半濕(shi)潤(run)(run)兩(liang)年三熟(shu)區(qu)(或(huo)(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年兩(liang)熟(shu)區(qu))。低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕(shi)潤(run)(run)(濕(shi)潤(run)(run))區(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃-8.4℃,大(da)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)等于(yu)(yu)0℃的活動積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3400-3500℃.無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期短,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)140-145天,年降水(shui)560-580毫(hao)米(mi),熱量資(zi)源不豐富,水(shui)資(zi)源有限,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年只能種植(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和半濕(shi)潤(run)(run)區(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2-9.0℃,大(da)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)等于(yu)(yu)0℃的活動積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3550-3750℃,無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)145-160天,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量560-580毫(hao)米(mi),熱量資(zi)源尚(shang)好,無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期長,水(shui)資(zi)源豐富,灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)優越,可以兩(liang)年三熟(shu)或(huo)(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年兩(liang)熟(shu)。均(jun)(jun)(jun)適(shi)宜種植(zhi)紅小豆(dou)。
文化背景
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)在我(wo)國具有(you)悠久的(de)(de)栽培歷史,陜西(xi)省甘泉(quan)縣是(shi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)栽培歷史較為悠久的(de)(de)地區之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)我(wo)國雜豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)類(lei)的(de)(de)主要品種(zhong),其(qi)產量(liang)和(he)種(zhong)植面積位于(yu)黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),處(chu)于(yu)第三(san)位。清(qing)朝四十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1776年(nian)(nian))甘泉(quan)知縣王星燭修《甘泉(quan)事宜》二(er)卷記載(zai):“甘泉(quan)盛(sheng)產雜豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),尤以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為先”。李(li)時珍稱(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為“心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)谷”,其(qi)功用(yong)為“生津液、利小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)、消(xiao)脹、除腫、止吐”,并治“下痢、解酒毒(du)、除寒熱痛腫、排膿散血、而(er)通乳汁……”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)蛋白質中(zhong)賴氨酸含量(liang)較高(gao),宜與谷類(lei)食(shi)(shi)品混合成豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)飯或豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)粥實用(yong)。《甘泉(quan)縣志(zhi)》記載(zai):“民國十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1929年(nian)(nian))甘泉(quan)縣旱(han)(han)災嚴重,糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)絕收(shou),村(cun)民離鄉(xiang)賣子(zi)、無(wu)以(yi)充饑。唯紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)耐旱(han)(han)而(er)未絕收(shou),遂以(yi)此(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)做粥食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),日食(shi)(shi)一(yi)餐而(er)不饑”。另據當地一(yi)位105歲老(lao)翁講述(shu):相傳(chuan)有(you)一(yi)農(nong)夫從他鄉(xiang)歸來,帶回了一(yi)些紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)子(zi),在自家的(de)(de)山洼(wa)上(shang)用(yong)鏵式農(nong)具,由牲畜牽引,開溝施(shi)肥、下種(zhong),半月過后(hou)(hou)。綠油(you)(you)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)苗長滿山坡,農(nong)夫喜(xi)出(chu)望外,精心(xin)間(jian)苗鋤(chu)草,秋后(hou)(hou)產出(chu)鮮紅(hong)(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)子(zi)。用(yong)此(ci)(ci)熬(ao)粥,細膩光滑,油(you)(you)香撲(pu)鼻,食(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)漸覺(jue)渾(hun)身有(you)力(li),精神倍增,于(yu)是(shi)廣傳(chuan)村(cun)里(li)百姓,紛紛種(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)用(yong),年(nian)(nian)復一(yi)年(nian)(nian),該(gai)村(cun)男(nan)子(zi)各個體壯(zhuang)膀闊,面色紅(hong)(hong)(hong)潤,雖(sui)年(nian)(nian)近花(hua)甲而(er)精力(li)不衰,父女個個俊俏秀麗,面若桃花(hua),體態(tai)婀娜多姿(zi)、招人喜(xi)愛。究其(qi)原因,皆為常(chang)食(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所致,此(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)亦被稱(cheng)為“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)瑪瑙”豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”而(er)廣為種(zhong)植,代代相傳(chuan)。