安(an)塞小米(mi),陜西(xi)省安(an)塞縣(xian)特(te)產(chan),中國國家地理標志(zhi)產(chan)品。安(an)塞小米(mi)色澤金黃,顆粒渾圓(yuan),晶瑩明(ming)亮,粘糯芳香(xiang),油脂豐富(fu),久貯不變。安(an)塞小米(mi)營養價(jia)(jia)(jia)值高(gao),富(fu)含多種維生素和微量元素,比大(da)米(mi)的(de)營養價(jia)(jia)(jia)值高(gao)。小米(mi)熬粥營養價(jia)(jia)(jia)值豐富(fu),有"代參湯"之(zhi)美(mei)稱(cheng)。
簡介
小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),陜西省安塞(sai)(sai)縣特(te)產,中國(guo)國(guo)家地(di)理標志產品。小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)久負盛名,先秦、西漢(han)軍屯時期,便(bian)有(you)大(da)面積(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,延(yan)安安塞(sai)(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)品質優良,蛋白(bai)質含(han)(han)量(liang)高。安塞(sai)(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)色澤(ze)金(jin)黃,顆粒(li)渾圓,晶瑩明亮,粘糯(nuo)芳香,油脂(zhi)(zhi)豐富,久貯不變,平均(jun)含(han)(han)蛋白(bai)質13%,蛋白(bai)質中含(han)(han)有(you)人體必須的8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan),平均(jun)含(han)(han)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)4.5%,不飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)占脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)的85%,還(huan)富含(han)(han)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)生素(su),其粗纖(xian)維(wei)含(han)(han)量(liang)在幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要糧食作物中最(zui)低(di)。 2008年,經中國(guo)國(guo)家質檢總局(ju)審核,決(jue)定對安塞(sai)(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)實施國(guo)家地(di)理標志產品保護(hu)。
生產條件
安(an)塞古為(wei)(wei)(wei)白翟地,秦漢以來(lai)設(she)置(zhi)高奴縣,隋唐(tang)五代為(wei)(wei)(wei)金明縣,宋設(she)置(zhi)安(an)塞堡,于宋淳禎壬子年立(li)縣。安(an)塞在歷史(shi)上地處邊塞要(yao)地,與北部少數民族接近(jin),漢民族與少數民族交替發(fa)展(zhan),時農時牧,至明初時,方(fang)形成了以農業生產(chan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主體的生產(chan)格局。境內延水橫穿(chuan)南北,梁峁平川遍布,土(tu)地資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,屬中溫帶大陸性(xing)半干(gan)旱季風氣候(hou),是耐旱、耐瘠簿、耐酸、耐堿類谷物的主要(yao)誕(dan)生地和種植(zhi)區,歷史(shi)上譽之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"米糧川"。
種植歷史
延安(an)安(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)米(mi)久負盛名,先秦、西(xi)漢(han)軍(jun)屯時(shi)期(qi),便有(you)大(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)種植(zhi),有(you)鮑家營、譚家營、東營、馮(feng)家營等屯軍(jun)墾荒(huang)要地。隋唐(tang)宋元(yuan),農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧雜柔(rou),時(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)時(shi)牧,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)受(shou)限(xian)(xian)(xian),但谷(gu)子始終是當時(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧民的(de)(de)(de)大(da)宗糧食作(zuo)物。明清時(shi)期(qi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕再興(xing),農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧攜伴同(tong)行(xing),耕作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)得(de)到(dao)(dao)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)發展(zhan),谷(gu)類作(zuo)物不僅(jin)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)廣闊,而且(qie)品種更加(jia)齊全(quan)。據民國(guo)安(an)塞(sai)縣志記載:"安(an)塞(sai)境內宜粟,他郡不及,其米(mi)淅之汁為脂。其種有(you)龍爪、狼(lang)尾(wei)、豬糞、竹葉青、馬(ma)拖韁、焦泥黃、大(da)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)、小(xiao)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅小(xiao)料等。"1935年(nian)(nian)安(an)塞(sai)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)后,陜甘(gan)寧(ning)邊(bian)區時(shi)期(qi)開展(zhan)大(da)生產(chan)(chan)運動,鼓勵(li)墾荒(huang),"小(xiao)米(mi)加(jia)步搶"打(da)破(po)了(le)國(guo)民黨的(de)(de)(de)經濟封鎖,取得(de)了(le)抗日戰爭和解(jie)放(fang)(fang)戰爭的(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)勝利,小(xiao)米(mi)隨著(zhu)全(quan)國(guo)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)而享譽四海,聞名遐(xia)邇(er)。解(jie)放(fang)(fang)后,小(xiao)米(mi)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)一直穩(wen)定在10萬(wan)畝(mu)左右,種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)不斷改進,單(dan)產(chan)(chan)逐年(nian)(nian)提高,畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)由1949年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)25公(gong)斤(jin)提高到(dao)(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)300公(gong)斤(jin),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)也由1949年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)318萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)800多萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。
品質特征
延安(an)安(an)塞小(xiao)米品(pin)質(zhi)優(you)良,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業科學研究院(yuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源研究所對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)谷(gu)(gu)子品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化驗(yan)分析,安(an)塞谷(gu)(gu)子蛋白質(zhi)平均(jun)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)13.46%,高(gao)于全國(guo)(guo)1個(ge)(ge)百分點(全國(guo)(guo)為(wei)12.4%)。全國(guo)(guo)12個(ge)(ge)蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)在(zai)16%以上的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),安(an)塞就有5個(ge)(ge)。安(an)塞小(xiao)米色澤金(jin)黃,顆粒渾圓(yuan),晶瑩明亮,粘糯芳香,油脂(zhi)豐(feng)富,久貯不變,平均(jun)含(han)蛋白質(zhi)13%,蛋白質(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有人(ren)體必須的8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸,平均(jun)含(han)脂(zhi)肪4.5%,不飽(bao)和脂(zhi)肪酸占脂(zhi)肪酸含(han)量(liang)的85%,還富含(han)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維生素,其粗(cu)纖維含(han)量(liang)在(zai)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要糧食作物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最低。20世紀80年代,從山西引進了晉汾7號,被譽為(wei)"香谷(gu)(gu)米",在(zai)安(an)塞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植后,品(pin)質(zhi)殊佳,優(you)于原產地,堪(kan)與傳統名米媲(pi)美(mei)。