一.產品介紹
鹽池縣蕎(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)種植區及(ji)周邊(bian)無任何污染源,使用(yong)無高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘(can)留(liu)農藥,生產出的蕎(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)營(ying)養豐富、品質(zhi)高(gao)、口感(gan)好,深受消費者喜愛。同時,蕎(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)耐旱(han),屬(shu)于低投入、高(gao)產出作物,即使遇到大旱(han)之年也(ye)不會顆粒無收。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):鹽(yan)池縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源豐富(fu)(fu),因(yin)處鄂爾多(duo)斯臺(tai)地(di)(di)向(xiang)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)原過渡地(di)(di)段,中(zhong)北部為緩坡丘陵區(qu),地(di)(di)勢平緩起伏(fu),沙丘連綿(mian),約占總(zong)面積的(de)80%,南部為黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)原區(qu),溝壑縱橫,梁洼相間(jian)約占總(zong)面積的(de)20%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)大(da)部分為普(pu)通灰(hui)鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、淡(dan)灰(hui)鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)黃綿(mian)土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)鈣、磷的(de)含量較豐富(fu)(fu),礦物質元素(su)含量達40多(duo)種之多(duo),經濟以農牧業(ye)(ye)為主,農業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品受污染少,屬優(you)良(liang)的(de)綠色產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)環(huan)境。特殊的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)極符合(he)蕎麥的(de)生(sheng)態學特性,屬全(quan)國最適合(he)蕎麥生(sheng)長的(de)生(sheng)態地(di)(di)理區(qu)域,這些均為鹽(yan)池發(fa)展(zhan)蕎麥產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)奠定(ding)了堅(jian)實的(de)基礎。
2、水文情況:鹽池蕎麥生產區域無河流流過,也無有效的地下水灌溉。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):鹽池(chi)縣四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明,寒冷期長,雨熱同季(ji)(ji),屬典型性大陸性季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫9.2℃,日照3124小時。年降水量280毫米左右,年蒸發量1250-2550毫米,且集(ji)中在7-9月份。平(ping)均無霜期148天。蕎麥生長季(ji)(ji)節日照充足(zu),雨量適中,晝夜(ye)溫差大,降水和熱量條件可滿(man)足(zu)鹽池(chi)蕎麥生長。
4、人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)情況:蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)在(zai)(zai)鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)縣(xian)有(you)(you)著悠久的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史(shi),據(ju)《鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)縣(xian)志》載,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)已有(you)(you)近(jin)1000年歷(li)史(shi),形(xing)成(cheng)穩定(ding)的鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)褐蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、苦(ku)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、混選三號和日(ri)本北海(hai)道甜蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。據(ju)《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)學》載,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)以(yi)鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)為主產(chan)區,相鄰的定(ding)邊(bian)縣(xian)、同心縣(xian)、環縣(xian)個(ge)別地區蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積在(zai)(zai)30萬畝以(yi)上,年產(chan)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)15000噸左右(you)。歷(li)史(shi)及人(ren)文(wen)積淀,使(shi)得(de)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)有(you)(you)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做法:蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活絡、蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)攪(jiao)團、貓耳朵、蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)剁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)等(deng)(deng)再配(pei)以(yi)自己(ji)淹制的老咸菜和鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)灘羊的羊肉臊子,其風味(wei)獨特,口感爽滑,以(yi)及可解暑消(xiao)渴的蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)涼粉(fen)等(deng)(deng)使(shi)得(de)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)系(xi)列(lie)制品(pin)深(shen)受鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)及周邊(bian)地區消(xiao)費者的喜(xi)愛,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)本身具有(you)(you)降血(xue)脂、防靜脈硬化(hua)、提高(gao)心血(xue)管功能等(deng)(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)效(xiao)用。2006年,鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)縣(xian)被農業(ye)部列(lie)為綠色食(shi)品(pin)原料標準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)基地,有(you)(you)力的推動了(le)農民種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)的積極(ji)性(xing),使(shi)得(de)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)向產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)、規(gui)模化(hua)方向發(fa)展(zhan),蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積始(shi)終保持在(zai)(zai)25萬畝左右(you)。
三.地域范圍
鹽池(chi)縣(xian)位于(yu)寧夏(xia)回(hui)族自治區(qu)東(dong)部(bu),屬(shu)鄂(e)爾多斯臺地(di)向黃土高(gao)原的過(guo)渡地(di)帶,地(di)處東(dong)經106°33′-107°47′,北緯37°04′-38°10′之間(jian),平均海拔1600米,東(dong)西(xi)寬約66公里(li),南北長約110公里(li),東(dong)鄰(lin)(lin)陜西(xi)定(ding)邊(bian),南鄰(lin)(lin)甘肅省環縣(xian),北接內蒙古自治區(qu)鄂(e)托克前旗,西(xi)連(lian)本區(qu)靈武、同心(xin)兩市(縣(xian)),總面積8661.3平方公里(li),鹽池(chi)蕎麥生產(chan)區(qu)域遍及全縣(xian)8個鄉(xiang)鎮。地(di)域生產(chan)面積13300公頃,年總產(chan)量9000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:蕎麥顆粒呈褐色或(huo)黑(hei)色三棱(leng)狀。
2、內在品質指標(biao):其味(wei)甘(gan)性(xing)涼(liang),含(han)有(you)多種維生素(su)P(另含(han)有(you)獨特成(cheng)分-蘆丁(ding)),蛋白質、碳(tan)水(shui)化合物(wu)、鐵、鈣、鋅等礦物(wu)質。
3、安全要(yao)求:鹽(yan)池(chi)蕎麥執行《無公害食品 麥類及面(mian)粉(fen)》NY5301-2005標準(zhun)。
五.特定生產方式
1、產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇與特殊內(nei)容規定;鹽池蕎(qiao)麥種(zhong)植區(qu)域地(di)(di)(di)處偏遠(yuan)山區(qu),鹽池境(jing)內(nei)無(wu)工礦(kuang)企業,環境(jing)無(wu)污染,境(jing)內(nei)大氣(qi)、土(tu)壤均符(fu)合國家有關(guan)標(biao)準, 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)質量(liang)必(bi)須符(fu)合《無(wu)公害小雜糧 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)》(NY5010-2002)的要(yao)求。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特定(ding)要求:除對適應(ying)性(xing)強、產(chan)量穩定(ding)的本地蕎麥品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行精選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植外,要推(tui)廣(guang)增(zeng)產(chan)性(xing)能(neng)好的“榆(yu)蕎3號”、“島根(gen)X”等優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蕎麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)壽命短,隔年發芽率低,因此,播前(qian)(qian)一(yi)定(ding)要選(xuan)粒(li)大(da)、飽滿、純凈而新鮮的籽粒(li)做種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),并(bing)進(jin)行播前(qian)(qian)曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處理,增(zeng)強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發芽能(neng)力,達到苗齊(qi)苗壯。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過程管(guan)理:鹽池蕎麥生(sheng)產(chan)過程必須執(zhi)行《無公害(hai)食品 麥類(lei)及面粉》(NY/T5222-2005)。
4、產(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲及(ji)產(chan)(chan)后(hou)處理:蕎麥屬無限花序,花期長,籽粒(li)成熟極不(bu)(bu)一致,易(yi)落粒(li),應(ying)在植株中下(xia)部葉片變(bian)黃、全(quan)株2/3的籽粒(li)變(bian)褐色成熟后(hou)即可收(shou)獲打捆,以防受凍減產(chan)(chan)。要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)同品種單獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)收(shou)割、單獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)運(yun)輸、單獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)脫粒(li)、單獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)貯藏、單獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加工、單獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)包裝,防止與其它谷物混雜。收(shou)割時(shi)(shi),割茬要(yao)低(di),收(shou)割時(shi)(shi),做到不(bu)(bu)丟枝、損失(shi)率小(xiao)于(yu)1%。割后(hou)曬5-7d,要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)打場脫粒(li)。脫粒(li) 后(hou),進行人工揚場或機械清(qing)(qing)選。要(yao)求(qiu)統(tong)一分(fen)級過篩,清(qing)(qing)除雜質和癟(bie)蕎顆粒(li),達到粒(li)度(du)均(jun)一,破碎率小(xiao)于(yu)2%,雜質小(xiao)于(yu)1%,蟲蝕率小(xiao)于(yu)1%。清(qing)(qing)選后(hou)籽粒(li)晾(liang)曬數日,以降低(di)含水(shui)量,含水(shui)量小(xiao)于(yu)15%。
5、生產記錄(lu)要求:每個(ge)蕎(qiao)麥種植(zhi)地(di)塊都(dou)應有(you)相關的資料記錄(lu),其內(nei)容包括:投入(ru)品來源、農家肥無害化(hua)處理情況、種子品種,耕地(di)深翻及伏(fu)曬(shai)情況和(he)時間(jian)、種植(zhi)時間(jian),以(yi)及中耕除(chu)草等田間(jian)管(guan)理和(he)收獲脫粒(li)時間(jian)和(he)入(ru)庫管(guan)理。有(you)蕎(qiao)麥的銷售記錄(lu):銷售合(he)同、銷售渠道。所有(you)記錄(lu)應在蕎(qiao)麥出庫后保(bao)存兩年以(yi)上(shang)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
鹽(yan)池蕎(qiao)麥按籽粒飽滿程度(du)分為特(te)級和(he)一級兩種。采(cai)用的包(bao)裝為編制(zhi)袋。包(bao)裝袋上注明產品(pin)批號并加(jia)注“鹽(yan)池蕎(qiao)麥”字樣。貯藏、運輸執行《綠色食品(pin) 貯藏運輸準(zhun)則》(NY/T1056-2006)。