一.產品介紹
鹽池縣(xian)蕎麥(mai)種(zhong)植區及(ji)周(zhou)邊無(wu)任何(he)污染源(yuan),使(shi)用無(wu)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘(can)留農藥,生產(chan)出的蕎麥(mai)營養豐(feng)富、品(pin)質高(gao)、口感(gan)好,深受消費(fei)者喜(xi)愛。同時,蕎麥(mai)耐旱(han),屬于(yu)低投入、高(gao)產(chan)出作物,即使(shi)遇到大旱(han)之年也不會顆粒無(wu)收。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況:鹽池縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地資源豐(feng)富,因處鄂爾多(duo)斯臺地向(xiang)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)高原過渡地段,中北部(bu)為(wei)緩坡丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu),地勢平(ping)緩起伏,沙丘(qiu)(qiu)連綿(mian),約占總面積的(de)(de)80%,南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)高原區(qu),溝(gou)壑縱橫,梁(liang)洼(wa)相間約占總面積的(de)(de)20%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤大部(bu)分為(wei)普通灰鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、淡灰鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和黃(huang)綿(mian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤中鈣、磷的(de)(de)含量(liang)較豐(feng)富,礦物質元素含量(liang)達40多(duo)種之多(duo),經(jing)濟以農牧業為(wei)主,農業產品受污染(ran)少,屬(shu)優良的(de)(de)綠色產業環境。特殊的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤條件極符合蕎麥的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)學特性,屬(shu)全國最適合蕎麥生(sheng)長的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)地理區(qu)域,這些均為(wei)鹽池發展蕎麥產業奠定了(le)堅(jian)實的(de)(de)基礎。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:鹽(yan)池(chi)蕎(qiao)麥生產區域無(wu)河(he)流流過(guo),也(ye)無(wu)有(you)效(xiao)的地下水(shui)灌溉。
3、氣(qi)候情況:鹽(yan)池縣四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),寒冷期長,雨熱同季(ji)(ji),屬典型性大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫9.2℃,日(ri)照(zhao)3124小時。年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)280毫(hao)米(mi)左右(you),年(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)1250-2550毫(hao)米(mi),且(qie)集中(zhong)在7-9月(yue)份(fen)。平均(jun)無霜(shuang)期148天。蕎麥生長季(ji)(ji)節(jie)日(ri)照(zhao)充足,雨量(liang)(liang)適中(zhong),晝夜溫差(cha)大(da),降水和熱量(liang)(liang)條(tiao)件可(ke)滿足鹽(yan)池蕎麥生長。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)情況:蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)在(zai)(zai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)縣有(you)(you)著悠(you)久的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷(li)史(shi),據《鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)縣志(zhi)》載,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已有(you)(you)近1000年(nian)歷(li)史(shi),形(xing)成穩定的鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)褐蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、苦蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、混選三號和日本北海道甜蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。據《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)學(xue)》載,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)以(yi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)為(wei)主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu),相鄰的定邊縣、同心(xin)縣、環縣個(ge)別(bie)地(di)區(qu)(qu)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)30萬畝以(yi)上,年(nian)產蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)15000噸左右(you)。歷(li)史(shi)及(ji)人(ren)文積(ji)淀,使得(de)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)有(you)(you)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做法:蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)活絡、蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)攪團、貓耳朵、蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)剁面(mian)等再配以(yi)自己(ji)淹制的老(lao)咸(xian)菜和鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)灘(tan)羊的羊肉臊(sao)子(zi),其風(feng)味(wei)獨特,口感爽滑,以(yi)及(ji)可解暑(shu)消渴(ke)的蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)涼粉等使得(de)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)系列(lie)制品(pin)深受鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)及(ji)周(zhou)邊地(di)區(qu)(qu)消費者(zhe)的喜愛,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)本身具有(you)(you)降血(xue)脂、防靜脈硬化(hua)、提高心(xin)血(xue)管功能(neng)等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)效用。2006年(nian),鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)池(chi)縣被農(nong)業部列(lie)為(wei)綠色食品(pin)原料(liao)標準化(hua)生產基地(di),有(you)(you)力的推動了農(nong)民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)的積(ji)極性(xing),使得(de)蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)向產業化(hua)、規模(mo)化(hua)方(fang)向發展,蕎(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)始終保持(chi)在(zai)(zai)25萬畝左右(you)。
三.地域范圍
鹽池縣(xian)位于寧夏回(hui)族(zu)自治(zhi)區東(dong)部,屬鄂(e)(e)爾(er)多斯(si)臺地(di)向黃土(tu)高(gao)原的過(guo)渡地(di)帶(dai),地(di)處(chu)東(dong)經(jing)106°33′-107°47′,北緯37°04′-38°10′之間,平均海(hai)拔(ba)1600米,東(dong)西(xi)寬約66公(gong)里,南(nan)北長約110公(gong)里,東(dong)鄰陜西(xi)定(ding)邊(bian),南(nan)鄰甘肅省環縣(xian),北接(jie)內蒙古自治(zhi)區鄂(e)(e)托(tuo)克前(qian)旗,西(xi)連(lian)本區靈武、同心兩(liang)市(縣(xian)),總面(mian)(mian)積8661.3平方(fang)公(gong)里,鹽池蕎麥生產區域遍及(ji)全(quan)縣(xian)8個鄉(xiang)鎮。地(di)域生產面(mian)(mian)積13300公(gong)頃,年總產量9000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官(guan)特征(zheng):蕎麥顆粒呈(cheng)褐色或(huo)黑色三棱狀。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:其味甘(gan)性涼,含有多種維生素P(另(ling)含有獨特(te)成分-蘆丁(ding)),蛋白質(zhi)、碳水化合(he)物、鐵、鈣(gai)、鋅等礦物質(zhi)。
3、安全要求:鹽(yan)池蕎麥(mai)執行《無公害食品 麥(mai)類及面粉》NY5301-2005標準。
五.特定生產方式
1、產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定;鹽池蕎麥(mai)種植區域地(di)(di)處偏遠山區,鹽池境內無(wu)(wu)工礦企業,環境無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染,境內大氣、土(tu)壤(rang)均符(fu)合(he)國家有(you)關標準, 產(chan)地(di)(di)環境質量(liang)必須符(fu)合(he)《無(wu)(wu)公害小雜糧 產(chan)地(di)(di)環境條件》(NY5010-2002)的要求。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定(ding)要(yao)求:除(chu)對適應性強、產量穩定(ding)的本地蕎(qiao)麥品種(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)精選種(zhong)(zhong)植外,要(yao)推(tui)廣增產性能好的“榆蕎(qiao)3號”、“島(dao)根X”等(deng)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)。蕎(qiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)壽命短,隔年發芽(ya)率(lv)低,因此,播前一定(ding)要(yao)選粒大、飽滿、純凈而新(xin)鮮(xian)的籽粒做種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),并進(jin)(jin)行(xing)播前曬種(zhong)(zhong)處理,增強種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發芽(ya)能力,達(da)到苗齊苗壯(zhuang)。
3、生產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理:鹽池蕎(qiao)麥生產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)必須執(zhi)行《無(wu)公害食品 麥類及面粉》(NY/T5222-2005)。
4、產品收(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)產后處理:蕎(qiao)麥屬無限(xian)花序,花期長,籽(zi)粒(li)(li)成熟(shu)極(ji)不一(yi)致,易落粒(li)(li),應在植(zhi)株中(zhong)下部葉片(pian)變(bian)黃、全(quan)株2/3的(de)籽(zi)粒(li)(li)變(bian)褐色成熟(shu)后即可收(shou)獲(huo)打(da)(da)捆,以防受(shou)凍減(jian)產。要求(qiu)不同(tong)品種單(dan)獨(du)收(shou)割(ge)、單(dan)獨(du)運(yun)輸、單(dan)獨(du)脫粒(li)(li)、單(dan)獨(du)貯藏、單(dan)獨(du)加(jia)工、單(dan)獨(du)包裝,防止與(yu)其它谷物混(hun)雜。收(shou)割(ge)時(shi),割(ge)茬要低,收(shou)割(ge)時(shi),做到不丟枝(zhi)、損失率小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1%。割(ge)后曬5-7d,要及(ji)時(shi)打(da)(da)場脫粒(li)(li)。脫粒(li)(li) 后,進(jin)行人工揚場或機械(xie)清(qing)選。要求(qiu)統一(yi)分級過篩(shai),清(qing)除雜質和癟蕎(qiao)顆粒(li)(li),達到粒(li)(li)度均一(yi),破碎率小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)2%,雜質小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1%,蟲蝕率小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1%。清(qing)選后籽(zi)粒(li)(li)晾(liang)曬數日,以降低含(han)(han)水量(liang),含(han)(han)水量(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)15%。
5、生產記(ji)錄要求:每個(ge)蕎(qiao)麥種(zhong)植地塊都(dou)應(ying)有相關的(de)資料記(ji)錄,其內容(rong)包括(kuo):投入(ru)品來(lai)源(yuan)、農家(jia)肥無(wu)害化處(chu)理情況(kuang)、種(zhong)子品種(zhong),耕地深翻及伏曬情況(kuang)和時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、種(zhong)植時(shi)間(jian)(jian),以及中(zhong)耕除草等田(tian)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理和收獲脫粒(li)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和入(ru)庫(ku)管(guan)(guan)理。有蕎(qiao)麥的(de)銷售記(ji)錄:銷售合同、銷售渠道(dao)。所有記(ji)錄應(ying)在蕎(qiao)麥出庫(ku)后保存(cun)兩年以上。
六.包裝標識相關規定
鹽(yan)池(chi)蕎(qiao)麥按籽(zi)粒飽滿程度分為(wei)特級和一級兩種。采用的(de)包(bao)裝為(wei)編制袋(dai)(dai)。包(bao)裝袋(dai)(dai)上(shang)注明(ming)產(chan)品批(pi)號并加注“鹽(yan)池(chi)蕎(qiao)麥”字樣。貯藏(zang)(zang)、運(yun)輸執行《綠色食品 貯藏(zang)(zang)運(yun)輸準則》(NY/T1056-2006)。