一.產品介紹
西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)寧夏(xia)(xia)回族自(zi)治區(qu)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)山區(qu),六盤(pan)山西(xi)麓,位(wei)于(yu)寧夏(xia)(xia)中部(bu)(bu)干(gan)旱帶南(nan)緣(yuan),處(chu)于(yu)東經105°20′-06°04′、北(bei)緯35°35′-36°14′之(zhi)間。全縣(xian)(xian)轄19個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen)(zhen)),296個(ge)(ge)行政村,總(zong)人(ren)口51.8萬(wan)人(ren),農業(ye)人(ren)口46.8萬(wan)人(ren),回族人(ren)口占(zhan)總(zong)人(ren)口的(de)52.7%。總(zong)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)3144平方公里(li),耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)270萬(wan)畝。地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢南(nan)低,北(bei)、東、西(xi)漸次增高,海拔1688-2633米。農產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標志界定(ding)為西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)范圍(wei)內的(de)吉(ji)(ji)強鎮(zhen)(zhen)、火(huo)石寨鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新營鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、震湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、偏城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)5鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)96個(ge)(ge)行政村,總(zong)生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)2萬(wan)公頃。西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)區(qu),也是(shi)寧夏(xia)(xia)最(zui)大(da)的(de)農業(ye)大(da)縣(xian)(xian)。馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)導產(chan)業(ye),在(zai)全縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)生產(chan)總(zong)值中占(zhan)有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei),被當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)譽為“金豆豆”,并且西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)成立有(you)(you)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)資源保存(cun)中心,使優質馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)到(dao)了(le)110萬(wan)畝左右。西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)農民(min)精心選留與自(zi)然(ran)選擇的(de)結果。據《西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)志》記載,明(ming)代(dai)成化年(nian)間“安民(min)墾殖”,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)以“洋芋”為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)秋糧作物,發展種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye);清咸豐(feng)十一年(nian)(1861年(nian)),“鼓勵開荒”,“洋芋種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)十之(zhi)二三”。在(zai)長期的(de)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)踐中,勞(lao)動人(ren)民(min)積(ji)累(lei)了(le)豐(feng)富的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)和繁育經驗,馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)歷年(nian)栽種(zhong)的(de)品種(zhong)有(you)(you)麻芋、大(da)紅苕、深眼窩,經過近300多年(nian)的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)逐步形(xing)成了(le)具有(you)(you)代(dai)表性的(de)西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)品種(zhong)“紅洋芋”,并在(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)廣(guang)泛種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),深受市場歡(huan)迎,產(chan)品銷(xiao)(xiao)往兩廣(guang)、福(fu)建(jian)等全國各地(di)(di)(di)(di),年(nian)銷(xiao)(xiao)售量達(da)到(dao)了(le)75萬(wan)噸以上,部(bu)(bu)分商品銷(xiao)(xiao)往東南(nan)亞等地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
二.自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情況:全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)貌類型(xing)主要有(you)土(tu)(tu)石山地(di)、黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵、河谷川道三大類型(xing),各(ge)地(di)貌類型(xing)所占(zhan)比(bi)重分別為黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)83.5%,河谷川道區(qu)占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)6.1%,土(tu)(tu)石山區(qu)占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)10.4%;西(xi)吉縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)以(yi)黃(huang)綿(mian)土(tu)(tu)、黑(hei)壚土(tu)(tu)為主,其中黑(hei)壚土(tu)(tu)占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)87.75%,土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)壤結構(gou)好(hao),土(tu)(tu)質疏松,透氣性(xing)好(hao), pH值6.1-7.0之間,有(you)機質含(han)量1.5%,水解氮40-60ppm,速(su)效磷14-30ppm,速(su)效鉀在150ppm以(yi)上,即水解氮和速(su)效磷含(han)量中等,速(su)效鉀豐富,土(tu)(tu)壤質地(di)疏松,通透性(xing)好(hao),耕作層深厚(hou),養分含(han)量高。
2、水(shui)文情況:河(he)流有葫(hu)蘆河(he)、清水(shui)河(he)、祖(zu)歷河(he)三條(tiao)水(shui)系,但年流經量(liang) 很小,冬春(chun)季(ji)多枯竭。東北部屬清水(shui)河(he)水(shui)系,其(qi)余大部分地區屬葫(hu)蘆河(he)水(shui)系。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:境內氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),雨量(liang)(liang)較少,光照(zhao)充足,無(wu)霜期短,降水和(he)溫(wen)度(du)變率大(da)(da)。春(chun)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)回升快,干(gan)旱多風,冷(leng)暖變化大(da)(da),多有(you)倒春(chun)寒(han);夏(xia)季(ji)短暫,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)適中;秋季(ji)雨量(liang)(liang)較多,降溫(wen)快,霜凍早;冬季(ji)長,嚴寒(han)干(gan)燥。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)5.3℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)33.9℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-27.1℃;平均(jun)無(wu)霜期144天。年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)數2034.3小時(shi);年(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)1297.7毫米,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)350-500毫米。干(gan)旱、冰雹、霜凍等自然(ran)災害頻(pin)繁。全縣氣(qi)(qi)候屬溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕潤 向半(ban)干(gan)旱過(guo)渡(du),大(da)(da)陸性特征明顯(xian),加之境內地勢高(gao)差懸殊,具(ju)有(you)復雜多樣(yang)的特點。平均(jun)風速1.8m/s,冬季(ji)多西北風,夏(xia)季(ji)多東(dong)南風。
4、人(ren)文歷史情況(kuang):西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)是(shi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的主(zhu)產區(qu),也是(shi)寧夏最大的農業大縣(xian)。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)是(shi)主(zhu)導產業,在全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)生產總值中(zhong)占有(you)主(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)位,被當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)譽為“金豆豆”,并(bing)且西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)立有(you)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)資源保存中(zhong)心,使優質馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)達到了(le)(le)120萬(wan)畝以上。西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)農民精心選留與自然選擇的結果。據《西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)志》記載,明代成(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)年間“安民墾殖”,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)以“洋(yang)(yang)芋”為主(zhu)的秋(qiu)糧作物(wu),發展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業;清(qing)咸豐(feng)十(shi)一年(1861年),“鼓勵開荒”,“洋(yang)(yang)芋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)有(you)十(shi)之二三(san)”。在長期的馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)實(shi)踐中(zhong),勞動人(ren)民積(ji)累了(le)(le)豐(feng)富的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)和繁育經驗(yan),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)歷年栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)麻(ma)芋、大紅苕、深眼(yan)窩,經過近300多年的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)逐步(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)具有(you)代表性的西(xi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“紅洋(yang)(yang)芋”,并(bing)在當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)廣泛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),深受市(shi)場(chang)歡迎,產品銷(xiao)往兩廣、福(fu)建等全(quan)國各(ge)地(di)(di)(di),年銷(xiao)售量達到了(le)(le)30萬(wan)噸以上,部分商品銷(xiao)往東南亞等地(di)(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
西吉(ji)(ji)縣地(di)處寧夏回(hui)族自治區(qu)南(nan)部山區(qu),六盤山西麓,位于(yu)寧夏中部干旱帶(dai)南(nan)緣,處于(yu)東經105°20′-06°04′、北(bei)緯(wei)35°35′-36°14′之(zhi)間。全縣轄19個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(鎮(zhen)),306個(ge)(ge)行(xing)政村(cun),總(zong)(zong)人(ren)口46.9萬人(ren),農業人(ren)口43.6萬人(ren),回(hui)族人(ren)口占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)人(ren)口的52.7%。總(zong)(zong)土地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積3144平方公(gong)里(li),耕地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積320萬畝。地(di)勢南(nan)低(di),北(bei)、東、西漸次增高,海(hai)拔1688-2633米。農產品(pin)地(di)理標志界定(ding)為西吉(ji)(ji)縣范圍內的吉(ji)(ji)強鎮(zhen)、火(huo)石寨鄉(xiang)、新(xin)營鄉(xiang)、蘇(su)堡鄉(xiang)、偏城鄉(xiang)5鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)的96個(ge)(ge)行(xing)政村(cun),總(zong)(zong)生(sheng)產面(mian)(mian)(mian)積20000公(gong)頃,總(zong)(zong)產量45萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特(te)征:淀粉含量17.3%,干(gan)物質21.5%,芽眼較淺,薯型規則(ze),表皮(pi)光(guang)滑,紅皮(pi)黃(huang)肉,適宜(yi)鮮食(shi)(shi)菜用。煮食(shi)(shi)時,香(xiang)味四溢,口感(gan)香(xiang)而滑潤(run),風味獨(du)特(te),烹菜時香(xiang)味散(san)于(yu)屋內,口感(gan)較好(hao),不宜(yi)斷裂(lie),西吉縣馬(ma)鈴薯營(ying)養齊(qi)全,它(ta)是寧夏馬(ma)鈴薯的代表,享譽國內。
2、內在品質指標:以(yi)2500g鮮馬鈴薯為(wei)例:蛋白質含量(liang)42g、脂肪15.5g、糖類615g、熱(re)量(liang)2770cal、粗纖(xian)維31g、礦(kuang)物質1586.5g、維生(sheng)素452.05mg。西吉馬鈴薯尤(you)以(yi)淀粉、蛋白質、鐵、維生(sheng)素C、B1 和B2的含量(liang)為(wei)豐富(fu)。維 生(sheng)素含量(liang)豐富(fu),以(yi)2500g鮮馬鈴薯為(wei)例,維生(sheng)素要多(duo)50g以(yi)上。
五.特定生產(chan)方(fang)式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土質較(jiao)輕、土層深(shen)(shen)厚(hou)、疏松肥沃、通透性(xing)(xing)好的地(di)塊,水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)地(di)要求灌(guan)排方(fang)便。實(shi)(shi)行三茬(cha)(cha)以上輪作,以豆類(lei)、麥類(lei)、玉(yu)米、水(shui)(shui)稻、胡麻、糜谷等為前茬(cha)(cha),中部(bu)干旱帶(dai)最(zui)好在輪歇地(di)上種植,禁忌與茄科作物連作、對茬(cha)(cha)。旱地(di)采(cai)用(yong)前茬(cha)(cha)作物收獲(huo)后(hou)盡早深(shen)(shen)耕(geng),耕(geng)深(shen)(shen)20cm以上,遇雨淺耕(geng)收耱, 冬(dong)(dong)春鎮壓保墑,播(bo)前半月翻耕(geng)帶(dai)耱。前茬(cha)(cha)地(di)膜玉(yu)米地(di)可實(shi)(shi)行保護性(xing)(xing)耕(geng)作,即 玉(yu)米收獲(huo)后(hou)留膜留茬(cha)(cha)越(yue)冬(dong)(dong),后(hou)茬(cha)(cha)馬鈴薯臨近播(bo)期清(qing)理殘膜、揀(jian)拾根茬(cha)(cha)、耙耱 整地(di);水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)地(di)采(cai)用(yong)前茬(cha)(cha)作物收獲(huo)后(hou)機深(shen)(shen)翻,耕(geng)深(shen)(shen)25cm,適時灌(guan)足冬(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui),臨近播(bo)期整地(di)起壟。
2、品種(zhong)選擇:選擇具有代表(biao)性的當地品種(zhong)“紅(hong)洋芋”,選用質量符合(he)國標要求(qiu)的脫(tuo)毒一、二級種(zhong)薯。
3、生產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理:為(wei)加強西吉縣(xian)馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)農產品地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志各項工作,使馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)產品質(zhi)量達到綠色食品標(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu),生產高標(biao)(biao)準高質(zhi)量的(de)馬(ma)鈴薯(shu),完善(shan)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系,特制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)以下各項管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),進行生產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理。一(yi)是(shi)基(ji)地(di)(di)生產管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。二是(shi)農業投入品管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。三(san)是(shi)技術指導和推廣制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。四是(shi)培(pei)訓制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。
4、產品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo):待地(di)上部莖(jing)葉(xie)全部由(you)綠變黃、塊莖(jing)停止膨(peng)大后,根據鮮(xian)薯上市或交售、貯(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)時(shi)間適期收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)。收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)前(qian)一周殺秧,收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)的鮮(xian)薯先要充分(fen)攤晾,待薯皮木栓化后方可運輸(shu)、貯(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)。
5、生(sheng)產記錄(lu)(lu)要(yao)求:對產品(pin)生(sheng)產地點(dian),土(tu)壤耕作茬口(kou),所使用農機具,所施用肥料名稱、施肥方式(shi)、施肥時間(jian)、施肥量,施用農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)名稱、施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)方式(shi)、施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)時間(jian)及施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)對象,產品(pin)收(shou)獲、倉儲、銷售等(deng)項目(mu)的日期(qi)、方式(shi)、數量等(deng)進行詳細的記錄(lu)(lu)。
六.包裝標識相關規(gui)定
1、包裝:在(zai)包裝方式(shi)上(shang)采(cai)用箱式(shi)包裝和袋式(shi)包裝兩(liang)種。
2、標識:標志使用人應在其(qi)產品或其(qi)包裝上統一使用農產品地理標志(西吉馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)名稱和公共標識圖案組合標注型式)。