湟中(zhong)燕麥(mai)是青海西寧(ning)湟中(zhong)縣的特產。
據民間傳(chuan)說,唐太宗李世民為(wei)傳(chuan)播中華文明致遠吐(tu)蕃(fan),將江(jiang)夏郡王李道(dao)宗之女從(cong)(cong)任(ren)城召至(zhi)長安,被封為(wei)文成公主(zhu),遠嫁吐(tu)蕃(fan)途(tu)經湟(huang)(huang)中時(shi),曾吃湟(huang)(huang)中燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)炒面。燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)飼草(cao)飼料作物,也是(shi)古老的(de)(de)(de)農作物。從(cong)(cong)栽培地(di)域(yu)上(shang)看,栽培的(de)(de)(de)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)距(ju)今至(zhi)少已有2000多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽培歷史。湟(huang)(huang)中燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植歷史悠久。湟(huang)(huang)中縣(xian)(xian)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)自然生(sheng)態條件形(xing)成了(le)適宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)籽粒(li)飽滿,發芽(ya)率高,成熟度高、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)優良(liang)(liang),當(dang)地(di)群眾利(li)用因地(di)制宜的(de)(de)(de)優勢,充分利(li)用撂荒地(di)和貧瘠地(di)擴(kuo)大(da)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積。2015年(nian)(nian)我縣(xian)(xian)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)規模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積達23.49萬(wan)(wan)畝,生(sheng)產燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3000萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin),覆(fu)蓋15個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)率達到(dao)了(le)100%,每年(nian)(nian)向(xiang)省(sheng)內外(wai)提(ti)供良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1000萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)以(yi)上(shang),占全省(sheng)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)60%。目(mu)前在我縣(xian)(xian)主(zhu)要(yao)推(tui)廣(guang)和應用的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有加(jia)燕(yan)(yan)2號、林納、白(bai)燕(yan)(yan)7號、青(qing)引1號、青(qing)海444等(deng)。自2003年(nian)(nian)來通過草(cao)原生(sheng)態保(bao)護獎勵機制、農區(qu)飼草(cao)基(ji)地(di)建設及復種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飼草(cao)項(xiang)目(mu)、國家(jia)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)體系建設、科技富民強(qiang)縣(xian)(xian)飼草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植等(deng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)實施,2006年(nian)(nian)獲得(de)了(le)湟(huang)(huang)中縣(xian)(xian)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燕(yan)(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)繁(fan)育基(ji)地(di)建設項(xiang)目(mu)省(sheng)級(ji)成果獎。2013年(nian)(nian)獲得(de)了(le)全國農牧漁(yu)業豐收獎。2015年(nian)(nian)獲得(de)市(shi)科技進步一(yi)等(deng)獎。
地域范圍
湟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燕麥(mai)的地域(yu)保護范圍為青(qing)海(hai)省湟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)轄(xia)行政區域(yu)內(nei),湟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)位于青(qing)海(hai)省東(dong)(dong)部,湟水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游(you)。地理坐標為北(bei)緯36°13′32〞—37°03′19〞,東(dong)(dong)經101°09′32〞—101°54′50〞;東(dong)(dong)與西(xi)寧市、平(ping)安縣(xian)(xian)毗連(lian),南與化隆、貴德兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)交界(jie),西(xi)與海(hai)晏、湟源兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,北(bei)與大(da)通縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)鄰。全縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長約(yue)(yue)68公(gong)(gong)里(li),南北(bei)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)91公(gong)(gong)里(li),幅員面(mian)積為2700平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。湟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燕麥(mai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在田家寨鎮、土門關鄉、上新莊(zhuang)鎮、魯沙爾鎮、共和鎮、大(da)才鄉、漢東(dong)(dong)鄉等地區,是我省主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)燕麥(mai)生(sheng)產區之一。