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張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)回族自治(zhi)縣是(shi)甘肅東南部(bu)惟一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少數(shu)民族自治(zhi)縣和(he)回族聚居區，地處東南、西南季(ji)風交(jiao)互(hu)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣地帶，屬溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候，海拔在(zai)(zai)1486-2659米，年(nian)(nian)降水量600毫米，日照時數(shu)2044小時，無霜期163天。隴山巍峨，峻(jun)嶺重(zhong)疊，為溫(wen)寒(han)半濕潤(run)區和(he)溫(wen)寒(han)濕潤(run)區，氣候偏(pian)冷，雨(yu)量充沛(pei)，有(you)大(da)片宜(yi)牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)山、草(cao)(cao)場(chang)，放牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)地面積(ji)達(da)到(dao)54.1萬(wan)畝，野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)154種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量1.4億公(gong)斤(jin)，載畜量折牛(niu)(niu)(niu)單位9.17萬(wan)頭，為發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展草(cao)(cao)食畜牧(mu)業(ye)提(ti)供了(le)(le)得天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。1981年(nian)(nian)實(shi)施(shi)了(le)(le)全(quan)縣黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)項目(mu)(mu)，30多(duo)年(nian)(nian)來通過(guo)采用(yong)西門(men)塔(ta)爾肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)與(yu)當(dang)地秦川(chuan)(chuan)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)交(jiao)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)。富(fu)有(you)科學(xue)營養價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠶豆、箭舌豌豆和(he)紫花(hua)(hua)苜蓿在(zai)(zai)全(quan)縣有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)，為發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展畜牧(mu)業(ye)提(ti)供了(le)(le)得天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，廣大(da)回漢群(qun)眾有(you)著(zhu)經(jing)(jing)營畜牧(mu)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠(you)久歷史(shi)傳統和(he)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)，在(zai)(zai)草(cao)(cao)原保護、飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料綜合(he)利用(yong)、畜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)、疫病防治(zhi)、接(jie)犢育(yu)幼、飼(si)(si)養管(guan)理等方(fang)面，積(ji)累(lei)了(le)(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)。豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)作(zuo)物秸稈及人工(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)，為“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)提(ti)供了(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)礎保障，而且(qie)通過(guo)多(duo)方(fang)籌(chou)措資金，加(jia)大(da)基(ji)(ji)礎設施(shi)建設力度，使張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)礎設施(shi)得到(dao)進一(yi)步改(gai)善。為了(le)(le)探索優質(zhi)高效(xiao)肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)繁殖模(mo)式，引導養牛(niu)(niu)(niu)業(ye)向(xiang)品牌化(hua)，規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)，標準化(hua)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)富(fu)有(you)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)繁育(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地。縣委縣政府目(mu)(mu)標明確，高度重(zhong)視，全(quan)力扶持，一(yi)抓(zhua)到(dao)底(di)，抓(zhua)出(chu)了(le)(le)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)。畜牧(mu)部(bu)門(men)始終把(ba)以(yi)西門(men)塔(ta)爾為父本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遞(di)進雜(za)交(jiao)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為基(ji)(ji)礎性(xing)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)程，制定長遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)規(gui)劃，確定科學(xue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標，組織開展黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)五十多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)實(shi)踐，累(lei)計完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西門(men)塔(ta)爾雜(za)交(jiao)凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)18.36萬(wan)頭，建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”繁育(yu)核(he)心群(qun)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)體(ti)型好，耐(nai)粗飼(si)(si)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能高，牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)肉(rou)質(zhi)優良(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。加(jia)強飼(si)(si)養管(guan)理，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)集(ji)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擴繁，凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)，養殖技術推(tui)廣，良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)，新技術推(tui)廣與(yu)應用(yong)等為一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理模(mo)式，為大(da)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)提(ti)供了(le)(le)有(you)利條(tiao)件(jian)。目(mu)(mu)前，“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”是(shi)張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)縣畜牧(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)中科技含(han)量最(zui)(zui)高、經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益最(zui)(zui)顯著(zhu)、農(nong)民得到(dao)實(shi)惠最(zui)(zui)多(duo)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展潛力最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)畜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

地域范圍

張家(jia)川回(hui)族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于甘肅省東(dong)(dong)南部，天(tian)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)北，隴(long)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)麓(lu)，屬六盤(pan)地(di)(di)槽與隴(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)陸臺兩(liang)大地(di)(di)質構造單(dan)位的過(guo)渡地(di)(di)帶，為六盤(pan)山經(jing)(jing)向(xiang)構造與秦(qin)嶺(ling)緯(wei)向(xiang)構造接壤處，地(di)(di)理坐標為東(dong)(dong)經(jing)(jing)105°54′至106°35′，北緯(wei)34°44′至35°11′之間，全境地(di)(di)勢由東(dong)(dong)北向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南傾(qing)斜(xie)，略呈斜(xie)三角形(xing)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長62公(gong)里(li)，南北寬48公(gong)里(li)，總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)1311.8平方公(gong)里(li)。張家(jia)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬甘肅省天(tian)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)轄縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，東(dong)(dong)接陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省隴(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，南鄰(lin)清水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)連秦(qin)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，北毗華亭、莊浪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)民(min)政府駐地(di)(di)張家(jia)川鎮，與周邊市(shi)(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)均有公(gong)路相通，西(xi)(xi)(xi)距(ju)省會蘭(lan)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)378公(gong)里(li)，東(dong)(dong)經(jing)(jing)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省隴(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)至西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)388公(gong)里(li)。張家(jia)川地(di)(di)勢由東(dong)(dong)北向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南傾(qing)斜(xie)。以(yi)山地(di)(di)為主，最高點為秦(qin)家(jia)塬石(shi)廟梁，最低點為龍山鎮馬河村，海拔在(zai)1486米～2659.4米之間。 畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業概況。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)禽飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)量(liang)(liang)115.8萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（匹(pi)(pi)、只(zhi)），其中(zhong)：牛(niu)17.33萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)。畜(chu)禽存(cun)欄66.37萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（匹(pi)(pi)、只(zhi)），其中(zhong)：存(cun)欄牛(niu)12.01萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)。出欄各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)禽49.43萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（匹(pi)(pi)、只(zhi)），其中(zhong)：牛(niu)5.32萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)類總(zong)(zong)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)到(dao)9454.5噸(dun)，禽蛋產(chan)量(liang)(liang)1260噸(dun)，鮮奶(nai)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)235.4噸(dun)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有規(gui)模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶13402戶，其中(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)7249戶；累計建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)各(ge)(ge)類養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)區(qu)25個(ge)，其中(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)小(xiao)區(qu)16個(ge)；建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)規(gui)模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)場92個(ge)，其中(zhong):養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)場37個(ge)；建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)各(ge)(ge)類養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專業村90個(ge)，飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)禽9.74萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（只(zhi)），其中(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)專業村72個(ge)；有以(yi)皮(pi)毛、活(huo)畜(chu)交(jiao)易(yi)為主的專業交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場7處，有各(ge)(ge)類草(cao)畜(chu)產(chan)品交(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)介(jie)組織和農民(min)經(jing)(jing)紀(ji)人(ren)1200多人(ren)（個(ge)），各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專業協(xie)會和經(jing)(jing)濟合作組織17個(ge)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)留床面積(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)9.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，在(zai)適宜(yi)區(qu)域大力推廣(guang)飼(si)(si)料(liao)玉米、豌豆等(deng)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)飼(si)(si)料(liao)作物種植面積(ji)7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。累計建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)青貯(zhu)氨(an)化(hua)(hua)池4425個(ge)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)青貯(zhu)氨(an)化(hua)(hua)飼(si)(si)草(cao)7.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)秸稈(gan)飼(si)(si)料(liao)化(hua)(hua)利用率達(da)(da)到(dao)了36%。牧(mu)(mu)業產(chan)值達(da)(da)到(dao)1.8億元，人(ren)均牧(mu)(mu)業收入660元。