張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)回族自治縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)甘肅(su)東(dong)南部(bu)惟(wei)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少數(shu)民(min)族自治縣(xian)(xian)和回族聚居區(qu)(qu),地(di)(di)(di)處東(dong)南、西(xi)南季(ji)風交互影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),屬溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候,海拔(ba)在(zai)(zai)1486-2659米,年降水量(liang)600毫米,日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)2044小時(shi),無霜(shuang)期(qi)163天(tian)。隴山(shan)巍峨,峻嶺重(zhong)疊,為(wei)溫(wen)寒(han)半濕潤(run)區(qu)(qu)和溫(wen)寒(han)濕潤(run)區(qu)(qu),氣候偏冷,雨量(liang)充沛(pei),有(you)大(da)片宜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)山(shan)、草(cao)場,放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)54.1萬畝(mu),野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)154種(zhong)(zhong),飼(si)(si)草(cao)年產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)1.4億公斤(jin),載畜(chu)量(liang)折牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)單位9.17萬頭(tou),為(wei)發展草(cao)食畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)得(de)(de)天(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。1981年實(shi)施了(le)(le)全縣(xian)(xian)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)項目,30多年來通過(guo)(guo)(guo)采用西(xi)門(men)塔(ta)爾肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)與(yu)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)秦(qin)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜交改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)-紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)。富(fu)有(you)科學營養(yang)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)豆、箭(jian)舌(she)豌豆和紫花(hua)(hua)苜蓿在(zai)(zai)全縣(xian)(xian)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji),為(wei)發展畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)得(de)(de)天(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian),廣大(da)回漢群(qun)眾(zhong)有(you)著經(jing)(jing)營畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久(jiu)歷史傳統(tong)和豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐經(jing)(jing)驗(yan),在(zai)(zai)草(cao)原(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護、飼(si)(si)草(cao)料綜合利用、畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)、疫病防治、接(jie)犢育(yu)幼(you)、飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),積(ji)累了(le)(le)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)。豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)作(zuo)物秸稈及人工(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)植牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao),為(wei)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)保(bao)(bao)障,而且通過(guo)(guo)(guo)多方(fang)籌措資金,加(jia)大(da)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施建設(she)力(li)度,使張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施得(de)(de)到(dao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步改(gai)(gai)善。為(wei)了(le)(le)探(tan)索(suo)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)繁殖模式(shi),引導養(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)業向(xiang)品牌化,規模化,標(biao)準(zhun)化方(fang)向(xiang)發展,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)富(fu)有(you)特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)繁育(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。縣(xian)(xian)委縣(xian)(xian)政府目標(biao)明確,高(gao)(gao)(gao)度重(zhong)視,全力(li)扶(fu)持(chi),一(yi)(yi)抓到(dao)底(di),抓出了(le)(le)成(cheng)效(xiao)。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)門(men)始(shi)終把以西(xi)門(men)塔(ta)爾為(wei)父(fu)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遞進(jin)雜交改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)性(xing)良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)程,制(zhi)定(ding)長遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)規劃,確定(ding)科學發展目標(biao),組織(zhi)開(kai)展黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)凍配(pei)(pei)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang),經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)五十多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)凍配(pei)(pei)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)實(shi)踐,累計(ji)完成(cheng)西(xi)門(men)塔(ta)爾雜交凍配(pei)(pei)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)18.36萬頭(tou),建成(cheng)了(le)(le)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”繁育(yu)核(he)心群(qun),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)體型好,耐粗飼(si)(si),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能高(gao)(gao)(gao),牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)肉(rou)質優(you)(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。加(jia)強飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)集良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)擴繁,凍配(pei)(pei)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang),養(yang)殖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)推(tui)廣,良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu),新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)推(tui)廣與(yu)應用等(deng)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)模式(shi),為(wei)大(da)力(li)發展“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)有(you)利條(tiao)件(jian)。目前,“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”是(shi)張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業中科技(ji)含量(liang)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益最(zui)顯著、農(nong)民(min)得(de)(de)到(dao)實(shi)惠最(zui)多、發展潛力(li)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)。
地域范圍
張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)回族自治縣(xian)(xian)位于甘肅省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu),天水(shui)市(shi)東(dong)(dong)北,隴(long)山西(xi)(xi)麓(lu),屬六盤地(di)(di)(di)槽與(yu)(yu)隴(long)西(xi)(xi)陸臺兩大地(di)(di)(di)質構(gou)造(zao)單位的(de)過渡(du)地(di)(di)(di)帶,為(wei)(wei)六盤山經(jing)向(xiang)構(gou)造(zao)與(yu)(yu)秦(qin)嶺緯向(xiang)構(gou)造(zao)接(jie)壤處,地(di)(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)105°54′至106°35′,北緯34°44′至35°11′之間,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)境地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由東(dong)(dong)北向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)傾(qing)斜,略呈斜三角形。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長62公(gong)里,南(nan)北寬48公(gong)里,總面(mian)積1311.8平(ping)方公(gong)里。張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)屬甘肅省(sheng)天水(shui)市(shi)轄縣(xian)(xian),東(dong)(dong)接(jie)陜西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)隴(long)縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)鄰清水(shui)縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)(xi)連秦(qin)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian),北毗華亭、莊浪縣(xian)(xian)。人(ren)(ren)民政府駐地(di)(di)(di)張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)鎮,與(yu)(yu)周邊(bian)市(shi)縣(xian)(xian)均有公(gong)路(lu)相通,西(xi)(xi)距省(sheng)會蘭州市(shi)378公(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)經(jing)陜西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)隴(long)縣(xian)(xian)至西(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)市(shi)388公(gong)里。張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由東(dong)(dong)北向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)傾(qing)斜。以山地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主,最高(gao)點為(wei)(wei)秦(qin)家(jia)(jia)塬石廟梁,最低(di)點為(wei)(wei)龍山鎮馬(ma)河村(cun),海(hai)拔在(zai)1486米~2659.4米之間。 畜牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)概況。2010年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜禽(qin)飼(si)養(yang)量(liang)115.8萬(wan)頭(tou)(匹(pi)、只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):牛17.33萬(wan)頭(tou)。畜禽(qin)存欄(lan)66.37萬(wan)頭(tou)(匹(pi)、只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):存欄(lan)牛12.01萬(wan)頭(tou)。出(chu)欄(lan)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜禽(qin)49.43萬(wan)頭(tou)(匹(pi)、只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):牛5.32萬(wan)頭(tou)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)肉類(lei)(lei)總產(chan)量(liang)達到(dao)(dao)9454.5噸(dun)(dun),禽(qin)蛋(dan)產(chan)量(liang)1260噸(dun)(dun),鮮奶產(chan)量(liang)235.4噸(dun)(dun)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)有規模養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)13402戶(hu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)牛7249戶(hu);累計(ji)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)殖(zhi)小區25個(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)牛小區16個(ge);建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)規模養(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)92個(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)牛場(chang)37個(ge);建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)殖(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)村(cun)90個(ge),飼(si)養(yang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜禽(qin)9.74萬(wan)頭(tou)(只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)牛專業(ye)(ye)(ye)村(cun)72個(ge);有以皮毛、活畜交易(yi)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)交易(yi)市(shi)場(chang)7處,有各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)畜產(chan)品交易(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介組織(zhi)和(he)農民經(jing)紀(ji)人(ren)(ren)1200多人(ren)(ren)(個(ge)),各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜牧(mu)養(yang)殖(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會和(he)經(jing)濟合(he)作組織(zhi)17個(ge)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)多年(nian)生牧(mu)草(cao)留(liu)床面(mian)積達到(dao)(dao)9.9萬(wan)畝,在(zai)適宜區域大力(li)推(tui)廣飼(si)料(liao)玉米、豌豆等一年(nian)生飼(si)料(liao)作物種植面(mian)積7萬(wan)畝。累計(ji)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)青貯氨化池4425個(ge),年(nian)青貯氨化飼(si)草(cao)7.5萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)秸稈飼(si)料(liao)化利用率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)了36%。牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)值(zhi)達到(dao)(dao)1.8億元,人(ren)(ren)均牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)收入660元。