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張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)回族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)是甘肅(su)東南(nan)部惟一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)少數民族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)和(he)回族(zu)聚(ju)居區，地(di)處東南(nan)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)季(ji)風交互影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)邊緣地(di)帶，屬(shu)溫帶大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣候，海拔(ba)在1486-2659米，年(nian)降水量600毫米，日(ri)照時數2044小時，無(wu)霜期163天(tian)(tian)。隴(long)山(shan)巍峨，峻(jun)嶺重(zhong)疊(die)，為溫寒半(ban)濕潤區和(he)溫寒濕潤區，氣候偏冷，雨(yu)量充沛(pei)，有大(da)片宜牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)山(shan)、草(cao)(cao)場，放牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)到54.1萬畝，野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)154種(zhong)(zhong)，飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)年(nian)產量1.4億(yi)公(gong)斤，載畜(chu)量折牛(niu)(niu)(niu)單位9.17萬頭(tou)(tou)，為發展(zhan)草(cao)(cao)食畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)提供了(le)(le)得(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。1981年(nian)實施了(le)(le)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)項目(mu)，30多(duo)年(nian)來通過(guo)(guo)采用(yong)西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)塔爾(er)肉牛(niu)(niu)(niu)與當地(di)秦(qin)川(chuan)(chuan)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)雜交改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)群穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)-紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)。富(fu)(fu)有科學營養(yang)價值的(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)豆、箭舌豌豆和(he)紫花(hua)(hua)(hua)苜蓿在全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)有較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)，為發展(zhan)畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)提供了(le)(le)得(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，廣(guang)(guang)大(da)回漢群眾有著(zhu)經營畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)悠(you)久歷(li)史傳(chuan)統和(he)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)實踐經驗(yan)，在草(cao)(cao)原保護、飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料綜合利用(yong)、畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)、疫病防治、接(jie)犢育(yu)(yu)(yu)幼、飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理等方(fang)面(mian)，積(ji)累(lei)了(le)(le)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)。豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)秸稈及(ji)人工種(zhong)(zhong)植牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)，為“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產提供了(le)(le)基礎(chu)(chu)保障，而(er)且通過(guo)(guo)多(duo)方(fang)籌措(cuo)資金，加大(da)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施建(jian)設(she)力度(du)，使張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)產基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施得(de)(de)到進一(yi)步改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)。為了(le)(le)探(tan)索優質(zhi)高(gao)效(xiao)肉牛(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)產繁殖(zhi)模(mo)式，引導養(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)(xiang)品牌化(hua)，規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)，標(biao)準化(hua)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)發展(zhan)，形(xing)成(cheng)富(fu)(fu)有特色的(de)(de)(de)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”肉牛(niu)(niu)(niu)繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)。縣(xian)(xian)委縣(xian)(xian)政府目(mu)標(biao)明確，高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視，全(quan)力扶持，一(yi)抓(zhua)到底，抓(zhua)出了(le)(le)成(cheng)效(xiao)。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)部門(men)(men)始終把以西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)塔爾(er)為父(fu)本的(de)(de)(de)遞進雜交改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)作為基礎(chu)(chu)性良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工程，制定(ding)長遠的(de)(de)(de)肉牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)規(gui)劃，確定(ding)科學發展(zhan)目(mu)標(biao)，組織(zhi)開展(zhan)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)凍配(pei)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，經過(guo)(guo)五(wu)十多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)凍配(pei)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)工作實踐，累(lei)計(ji)完成(cheng)西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)塔爾(er)雜交凍配(pei)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)18.36萬頭(tou)(tou)，建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)核心群，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)體型好，耐粗飼(si)(si)，生(sheng)(sheng)產性能高(gao)，牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉肉質(zhi)優良(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)特點。加強飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)集良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)擴繁，凍配(pei)改(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，養(yang)殖(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)推廣(guang)(guang)，良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)，新技(ji)術(shu)推廣(guang)(guang)與應用(yong)等為一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)理模(mo)式，為大(da)力發展(zhan)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”生(sheng)(sheng)產提供了(le)(le)有利條(tiao)件。目(mu)前，“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”是張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)產業(ye)(ye)中科技(ji)含量最(zui)(zui)高(gao)、經濟效(xiao)益最(zui)(zui)顯著(zhu)、農(nong)(nong)民得(de)(de)到實惠最(zui)(zui)多(duo)、發展(zhan)潛力最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優勢畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)。

地域范圍

張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)回族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于甘肅省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部，天(tian)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)，隴山(shan)西(xi)(xi)麓，屬(shu)(shu)六盤地(di)(di)(di)槽與隴西(xi)(xi)陸臺兩(liang)大地(di)(di)(di)質構(gou)造(zao)單位的(de)過(guo)渡地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，為(wei)六盤山(shan)經向(xiang)構(gou)造(zao)與秦(qin)嶺緯向(xiang)構(gou)造(zao)接壤處，地(di)(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經105°54′至106°35′，北(bei)緯34°44′至35°11′之間，全(quan)(quan)(quan)境地(di)(di)(di)勢由東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南傾斜，略呈斜三角形。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長62公里(li)(li)(li)，南北(bei)寬48公里(li)(li)(li)，總(zong)面積1311.8平方公里(li)(li)(li)。張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)甘肅省(sheng)天(tian)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)轄縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)接陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，南鄰清水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，西(xi)(xi)連(lian)秦(qin)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，北(bei)毗華亭、莊浪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。人民政府駐地(di)(di)(di)張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)鎮(zhen)，與周邊(bian)市(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)均有(you)公路相通，西(xi)(xi)距省(sheng)會蘭州市(shi)(shi)378公里(li)(li)(li)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)經陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)至西(xi)(xi)安市(shi)(shi)388公里(li)(li)(li)。張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)地(di)(di)(di)勢由東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南傾斜。以山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)主，最高點為(wei)秦(qin)家(jia)(jia)塬石廟梁，最低點為(wei)龍山(shan)鎮(zhen)馬河村，海拔(ba)在(zai)1486米～2659.4米之間。 畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)概況。2010年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)各類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)量115.8萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（匹(pi)、只），其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：牛17.33萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)。畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)存(cun)欄66.37萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（匹(pi)、只），其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：存(cun)欄牛12.01萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)。出欄各類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)49.43萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（匹(pi)、只），其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：牛5.32萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)肉類(lei)(lei)總(zong)產量達(da)(da)到9454.5噸，禽(qin)(qin)(qin)蛋(dan)產量1260噸，鮮(xian)奶產量235.4噸。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)規(gui)模養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)13402戶(hu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛7249戶(hu)；累計建成(cheng)各類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)小(xiao)區25個(ge)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛小(xiao)區16個(ge)；建成(cheng)規(gui)模養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場92個(ge)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛場37個(ge)；建成(cheng)各類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)村90個(ge)，飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)各類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)9.74萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)（只），其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛專業(ye)(ye)村72個(ge)；有(you)以皮毛(mao)、活畜(chu)交易為(wei)主的(de)專業(ye)(ye)交易市(shi)(shi)場7處，有(you)各類(lei)(lei)草畜(chu)產品(pin)交易中(zhong)(zhong)介組織(zhi)和農民經紀人1200多人（個(ge)），各類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)牧(mu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)協會和經濟合(he)作組織(zhi)17個(ge)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)多年(nian)生(sheng)牧(mu)草留(liu)床面積達(da)(da)到9.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，在(zai)適宜區域大力推廣飼(si)料玉米、豌豆等一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)飼(si)料作物種植面積7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。累計建成(cheng)青貯(zhu)氨(an)化(hua)池4425個(ge)，年(nian)青貯(zhu)氨(an)化(hua)飼(si)草7.5萬(wan)(wan)噸，全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)秸稈飼(si)料化(hua)利用(yong)率達(da)(da)到了36%。牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)產值(zhi)達(da)(da)到1.8億元，人均牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)收(shou)入(ru)660元。