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張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)回(hui)族自治縣(xian)是甘肅(su)東南部(bu)惟一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少數(shu)民族自治縣(xian)和回(hui)族聚居區，地(di)處(chu)東南、西南季風(feng)交(jiao)互影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣地(di)帶(dai)(dai)，屬溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)大陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候，海拔在1486-2659米，年降水量(liang)600毫米，日照時(shi)數(shu)2044小時(shi)，無霜期163天(tian)。隴(long)山巍峨，峻嶺重疊(die)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)溫(wen)(wen)寒半(ban)濕潤(run)區和溫(wen)(wen)寒濕潤(run)區，氣(qi)候偏冷(leng)，雨(yu)量(liang)充沛，有大片宜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)山、草(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)，放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)面(mian)積達到(dao)(dao)54.1萬畝(mu)，野生(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)154種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)年產量(liang)1.4億(yi)公斤，載(zai)畜量(liang)折牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)單位(wei)9.17萬頭，為(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)展草(cao)(cao)(cao)食畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)提供了(le)(le)得天(tian)獨(du)(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。1981年實施(shi)了(le)(le)全縣(xian)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)項目，30多(duo)年來通(tong)過(guo)采用西門(men)塔(ta)爾肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)與(yu)當(dang)地(di)秦(qin)川(chuan)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜交(jiao)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)。富(fu)有科學營(ying)養(yang)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠶(can)豆(dou)、箭舌豌豆(dou)和紫花(hua)(hua)苜蓿在全縣(xian)有較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積，為(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)展畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)提供了(le)(le)得天(tian)獨(du)(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，廣大回(hui)漢群(qun)眾有著經(jing)營(ying)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史傳統和豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)經(jing)驗，在草(cao)(cao)(cao)原保護(hu)、飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)料綜合利用、畜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、疫病防(fang)治、接犢育幼、飼養(yang)管理等方面(mian)，積累(lei)了(le)(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗。豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)秸稈及人工種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)“張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產提供了(le)(le)基(ji)礎保障(zhang)，而且(qie)通(tong)過(guo)多(duo)方籌措資(zi)金(jin)，加大基(ji)礎設施(shi)建(jian)設力(li)(li)(li)度(du)(du)，使張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)礎設施(shi)得到(dao)(dao)進一步(bu)改(gai)善。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)探索(suo)優(you)質高效肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)(sheng)產繁殖(zhi)模式，引(yin)導養(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)業(ye)向(xiang)品牌化(hua)，規(gui)模化(hua)，標準(zhun)化(hua)方向(xiang)發(fa)展，形(xing)成(cheng)富(fu)有特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)繁育生(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。縣(xian)委縣(xian)政(zheng)府目標明(ming)確(que)(que)，高度(du)(du)重視，全力(li)(li)(li)扶持(chi)，一抓到(dao)(dao)底，抓出了(le)(le)成(cheng)效。畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)門(men)始(shi)終(zhong)把以(yi)西門(men)塔(ta)爾為(wei)(wei)(wei)父本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遞進雜交(jiao)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎性良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工程，制定(ding)(ding)長遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)規(gui)劃，確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)科學發(fa)展目標，組織開展黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，經(jing)過(guo)五十多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)實踐(jian)，累(lei)計完成(cheng)西門(men)塔(ta)爾雜交(jiao)凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)18.36萬頭，建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)優(you)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”繁育核(he)心群(qun)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)體型好，耐(nai)粗(cu)飼，生(sheng)(sheng)產性能高，牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)肉(rou)質優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。加強飼養(yang)管理，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)集良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擴繁，凍(dong)配(pei)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，養(yang)殖(zhi)技術推廣，良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育，新技術推廣與(yu)應(ying)用等為(wei)(wei)(wei)一體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產管理模式，為(wei)(wei)(wei)大力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)展“張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”生(sheng)(sheng)產提供了(le)(le)有利條(tiao)件。目前，“張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”是張家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)縣(xian)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產業(ye)中(zhong)科技含量(liang)最高、經(jing)濟效益(yi)最顯(xian)著、農(nong)民得到(dao)(dao)實惠最多(duo)、發(fa)展潛(qian)力(li)(li)(li)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢畜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

地域范圍

張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)回族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于(yu)甘肅省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)，天(tian)水市(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，隴(long)(long)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)麓，屬(shu)(shu)六盤(pan)地(di)(di)槽與隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)陸臺兩大(da)(da)地(di)(di)質構(gou)造(zao)單(dan)位的(de)過渡地(di)(di)帶，為(wei)六盤(pan)山(shan)經向構(gou)造(zao)與秦嶺緯(wei)(wei)向構(gou)造(zao)接(jie)壤處，地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經105°54′至106°35′，北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)(wei)34°44′至35°11′之(zhi)間，全(quan)境地(di)(di)勢(shi)由(you)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)傾斜，略呈斜三角形。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)62公(gong)里(li)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬48公(gong)里(li)，總面(mian)積(ji)1311.8平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)甘肅省(sheng)天(tian)水市(shi)(shi)轄縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，東(dong)(dong)接(jie)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)隴(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，南(nan)(nan)鄰(lin)清水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)連秦安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)毗華亭、莊浪(lang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)(ren)民政府駐(zhu)地(di)(di)張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)鎮，與周邊市(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)均(jun)有(you)(you)公(gong)路相通，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)距(ju)省(sheng)會蘭(lan)州市(shi)(shi)378公(gong)里(li)，東(dong)(dong)經陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)隴(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)至西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安市(shi)(shi)388公(gong)里(li)。張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)(jia)川(chuan)地(di)(di)勢(shi)由(you)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)傾斜。以山(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)主(zhu)，最高點為(wei)秦家(jia)(jia)塬(yuan)石廟梁，最低點為(wei)龍山(shan)鎮馬河村(cun)，海(hai)拔在1486米(mi)～2659.4米(mi)之(zhi)間。 畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)概況。2010年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)禽(qin)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)量115.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭（匹(pi)、只），其(qi)(qi)中：牛(niu)(niu)17.33萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭。畜(chu)禽(qin)存欄66.37萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭（匹(pi)、只），其(qi)(qi)中：存欄牛(niu)(niu)12.01萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭。出欄各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)禽(qin)49.43萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭（匹(pi)、只），其(qi)(qi)中：牛(niu)(niu)5.32萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)類(lei)(lei)總產(chan)(chan)量達(da)到(dao)9454.5噸(dun)，禽(qin)蛋產(chan)(chan)量1260噸(dun)，鮮奶產(chan)(chan)量235.4噸(dun)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)規模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)戶13402戶，其(qi)(qi)中：養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)7249戶；累計建成各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)小區25個(ge)，其(qi)(qi)中：養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)小區16個(ge)；建成規模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場(chang)(chang)92個(ge)，其(qi)(qi)中:養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)場(chang)(chang)37個(ge)；建成各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)村(cun)90個(ge)，飼(si)養(yang)(yang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)禽(qin)9.74萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭（只），其(qi)(qi)中：養(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)村(cun)72個(ge)；有(you)(you)以皮毛(mao)、活(huo)畜(chu)交(jiao)易為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)交(jiao)易市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)7處，有(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)畜(chu)產(chan)(chan)品交(jiao)易中介組(zu)織(zhi)和農(nong)民經紀人(ren)(ren)1200多(duo)人(ren)(ren)（個(ge)），各(ge)(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會和經濟(ji)合作(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)17個(ge)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)生牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)留床(chuang)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)到(dao)9.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，在適宜區域大(da)(da)力推廣飼(si)料(liao)玉米(mi)、豌豆等一年(nian)(nian)生飼(si)料(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)種植面(mian)積(ji)7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。累計建成青(qing)貯氨化池4425個(ge)，年(nian)(nian)青(qing)貯氨化飼(si)草(cao)(cao)7.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)秸稈(gan)飼(si)料(liao)化利用率達(da)到(dao)了36%。牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)值達(da)到(dao)1.8億元(yuan)，人(ren)(ren)均(jun)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入(ru)660元(yuan)。