一.產品介紹
甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)古稱冀,公元前688年(nian)(秦武公十年(nian))建(jian)縣(xian)(xian), 迄今有(you)(you)2680年(nian),為(wei)全(quan)國縣(xian)(xian)制肇始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),有(you)(you)“華(hua)夏第(di)一(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。是人(ren)(ren)文始(shi)祖伏羲氏、孔(kong)子(zi)七十二賢人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)石(shi)作(zuo)蜀(shu)、清(qing)初(chu)翰林院(yuan)侍讀學(xue)士(shi)鞏建(jian)豐等名(ming)人(ren)(ren)先賢的(de)生(sheng)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),是三國蜀(shu)漢大(da)(da)將軍姜維等名(ming)人(ren)(ren)先賢誕生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),世稱姜維故里(li)。甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)農業的(de)發展(zhan)歷史(shi)(shi)悠(you)久,甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)獨特的(de)地(di)(di)(di)理位置是中(zhong)國北(bei)方大(da)(da)蔥的(de)適(shi)宜栽培黃(huang)金緯度區之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)種(zhong)植(zhi)蔬菜(cai)歷史(shi)(shi)悠(you)久,種(zhong)類繁多,品質優(you)良,甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)蔥在(zai)明未(wei)清(qing)初(chu)就有(you)(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)。據(ju)甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)記載:“清(qing)初(chu)主(zhu)要蔬菜(cai)有(you)(you)芹、韭、蔥、蒜(suan)、薤(xie)、茄、白(bai)菜(cai)、菠(bo)菱、甜菠(bo)菜(cai)、蘿卜(黃(huang)、自(zi)、紅(hong)、青(qing)4種(zhong))、芫荽、五(wu)撮、苣荬(mai)、馬齒莧、茨(ci)(慈(ci)姑(gu))、椿頭、王瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(黃(huang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua))、甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、南瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、葫蘆。蔥蒜(suan)類有(you)(you)12個品種(zhong):紅(hong)根(gen)韭、白(bai)根(gen)韭、馬蓮韭、四川冬(dong)韭、漢中(zhong)冬(dong)韭、甜蔥、白(bai)蔥、小(xiao)蔥、龍(long)蔥、洋蔥、紅(hong)蒜(suan)、白(bai)蒜(suan)。” 甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)蔥生(sheng)產距今已有(you)(you)上百年(nian)歷史(shi)(shi),特別是1987年(nian)就形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi),1992年(nian)大(da)(da)規(gui)模種(zhong)植(zhi),特選大(da)(da)蔥、鐵(tie)稈王等優(you)良品種(zhong)的(de)引進,經本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)改造(zao)、選種(zhong),成(cheng)為(wei)高(gao)產品種(zhong),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)以新興鎮雒家村為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)大(da)(da)蔥種(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)蔥種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)1.8萬(wan)余(yu)畝,平均畝產5000 kg,總產量(liang)6.88萬(wan)噸。因其(qi)蔥白(bai)長﹑產量(liang)高(gao)﹑品味(wei)濃郁在(zai)短(duan)短(duan)幾十年(nian)中(zhong)成(cheng)為(wei)我縣(xian)(xian)蔬菜(cai)的(de)主(zhu)打產品之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和(he)人(ren)文歷史(shi)因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況 大蔥生長要(yao)求以土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚、排水良好(hao)、富含有(you)機質(zhi)的(de)(de)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)最(zui)好(hao),適宜的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)酸堿度為(wei)pH7.0~7.5,甘谷(gu)大蔥產區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主要(yao)為(wei)黃(huang)綿土(tu)(tu),壚土(tu)(tu)和(he)淀土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚,質(zhi)地疏松,通透性(xing)好(hao),適宜耕(geng)作,呈(cheng)弱堿性(xing),pH值7.5-8,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)力較(jiao)高,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)含有(you)豐富的(de)(de)微量元素(su)和(he)礦物(wu)質(zhi),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)有(you)機質(zhi)1%左右,全(quan)氮0.052%,全(quan)磷0.147%,速(su)(su)效氮含量為(wei)43.34mg/kg,速(su)(su)效磷含量5.03mg/kg,速(su)(su)效鉀含量117.24mg/kg,加之(zhi)施用腐殖質(zhi)含量較(jiao)高的(de)(de)有(you)機肥(fei)、豆粉(fen)等,極適宜大蔥的(de)(de)生長發(fa)育。
2、水(shui)文情況(kuang) 我(wo)縣(xian)地(di)域遼闊,渭河(he)由西向東橫貫全縣(xian),土壤、水(shui)、氣(qi)資源污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)少,年平(ping)均降雨量(liang)451mm,雨量(liang)分布(bu)由南向北(bei)遞減,空氣(qi)較干燥。甘谷(gu)大蔥產地(di)地(di)處甘谷(gu)縣(xian)渭河(he)南北(bei)淺山(shan)區,土壤灌溉主要以純凈無污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的地(di)下水(shui)澆灌為主,以自然(ran)降水(shui)為輔。
3、氣候情(qing)況 甘谷縣位于甘肅(su)省東(dong)南部(bu),典(dian)型(xing)的(de)大(da)陸性(xing)季風(feng)氣候。四季分(fen)明(ming),年平(ping)均氣溫11.5 ℃,其(qi)中最(zui)高(7月(yue))月(yue)均氣溫25.4 ℃,最(zui)低(di)(1月(yue))月(yue)均氣溫-1.1 ℃,夏(xia)熱無酷(ku)暑(shu),冬(dong)冷無嚴(yan)寒。全年日照(zhao)2350小時左(zuo)右,光照(zhao)充足,日照(zhao)率約50%,無霜期196天左(zuo)右。年均降水量451mm左(zuo)右,分(fen)布極不均勻,一(yi)般一(yi)至三月(yue)雨量偏(pian)少,七至九月(yue)雨水較多,冬(dong)干夏(xia)濕。適(shi)合(he)北方(fang)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)農作物生長(chang),特別是(shi)對蔬菜的(de)種植極為有利,“六月(yue)壅,七月(yue)上(shang),八月(yue)再看蔥發旺”,8月(yue)份大(da)蔥進入旺盛生長(chang)期,因(yin)而尤其(qi)適(shi)合(he)大(da)蔥種植。
三.地域范圍
甘谷(gu)(gu)縣(xian)位于甘肅省東(dong)南(nan)部,天(tian)(tian)水市(shi)西(xi)北部,渭(wei)河(he)上(shang)游,渭(wei)河(he)由西(xi)東(dong)橫(heng)貫全(quan)縣(xian),境內長度(du)41.6公(gong)里(li)。地處(chu)東(dong)經(jing)104°58′至105°31′,北緯34°31′至35°03′之間,甘谷(gu)(gu)境內山(shan)(shan)多川少(shao),氣候干燥,典型的大(da)陸性季風氣候。甘谷(gu)(gu)東(dong)鄰秦安縣(xian)、麥(mai)積區(qu),南(nan)接秦州區(qu)、禮縣(xian),西(xi)與武山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)交界,北與通渭(wei)縣(xian)相連(lian)。甘谷(gu)(gu)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)產地地處(chu)甘谷(gu)(gu)縣(xian)新興(xing)鎮北淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),該(gai)區(qu)域海拔1400-1600m,為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)土梁狀(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)地,土質為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)綿土,有機(ji)質含量(liang)豐富,年平均氣溫11.5 ℃,年日照時數2131小時,無(wu)霜(shuang)期196天(tian)(tian),年降(jiang)水量(liang)451mm;地勢平坦、土層(ceng)深厚、空氣清新、光照充足、灌溉條件(jian)良(liang)好、水質純凈無(wu)污染、區(qu)域內無(wu)工業(ye)污染,為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)然綠色食品生產區(qu)。 甘谷(gu)(gu)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)實施地理(li)標(biao)志產品保護(hu)范圍涉及(ji)新興(xing)、磐(pan)安、六峰(feng)、大(da)像山(shan)(shan)鎮、金山(shan)(shan)、八里(li)灣、謝(xie)家(jia)灣、禮辛、安遠9鄉鎮99村(cun),目前,栽培面積達到(dao)1300公(gong)頃,年產量(liang)達到(dao)5850噸。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特(te)征 甘谷大蔥(cong)(cong)植(zhi)株高(gao)大,直立(li)性強(qiang),外形(xing)粗壯挺(ting)拔,假莖較長,蔥(cong)(cong)白長40—60厘米,徑1—2.5厘米,蔥(cong)(cong)葉(xie)色(se)鮮綠,管葉(xie)厚韌,質地(di)脆嫩,辣度適中(zhong),香辛濃郁(yu),甘甜多汁,嚼之無絲(si),品(pin)質上佳。
2、內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標 甘谷大蔥(cong)富含多種維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、擴物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)溶性(xing)糖(tang)等。其中:富含多種維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)溶性(xing)糖(tang)等。其中干物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)80—90g/kg,維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)C 75—80mg/kg,粗纖(xian)維9—10 g/kg,粗蛋白9.2—10.5 g/kg,可(ke)溶性(xing)糖(tang)38—46g/kg,維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)B10.3—0.2mg/kg, 維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su) B2 0.13—0.27mg/kg,磷(lin)0.21—028g/kg,鎂120—130mg/kg,鈣430—441mg/kg,鐵1.03—1.13mg/kg,鋅1.95—2.04mg/kg,硫0.31—0.36g/kg。農藥殘留、重金屬指(zhi)標均符合綠色食品標準,甘谷大蔥(cong)的理化指(zhi)標達(da)到綠色食品標準要求(qiu)。
3、安全要求 甘(gan)谷大蔥(cong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境按照(zhao)NY/T 391(綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境質量標準(zhun))執(zhi)行;肥料使(shi)用(yong)按照(zhao)NY/T 394(綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)肥料使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則)執(zhi)行。甘(gan)谷縣對大蔥(cong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工(gong)、包裝、貯運等(deng)一系列技術規范進(jin)行管理;農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)達到了(le)NY/T 393(綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則)標準(zhun),嚴禁(jin)使(shi)用(yong)國家(jia)命令禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)的高劇(ju)毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao),嚴格執(zhi)行農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安全間隔期,經農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘毒檢測(ce)合(he)格方可上市(shi)。