一.產品介紹
哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)形(xing)成(cheng)歷(li)(li)史(shi)較(jiao)早,據(ju)清朝楊(yang)岫撰寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《豳風廣(guang)義(yi)》中記載,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang),五方(fang)所產(chan)(chan)不(bu)同,而(er)種類甚多(duo),哈(ha)(ha)(ha)密一(yi)種大(da)(da)尾(wei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),尾(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)二(er)(er)十斤”,這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)尾(wei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),即(ji)當今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)。長期繁衍在(zai)(zai)嚴(yan)酷生態環(huan)境下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),經(jing)過自然選擇及農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精心選育(yu),形(xing)成(cheng)適應性廣(guang)、體質(zhi)(zhi)結實(shi)、四肢(zhi)較(jiao)高(gao)、善(shan)于(yu)(yu)爬(pa)山游(you)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、抓膘能力強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)種。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)阿(a)(a)克(ke)(ke)塞(sai)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原上(shang)(shang)(shang)安(an)定下(xia)來(lai)(lai)以后(hou),開(kai)始(shi)大(da)(da)力發(fa)展畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),將他們(men)一(yi)直牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)與一(yi)些地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)種進(jin)行繁育(yu)改(gai)良(liang),逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)了適應哈(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原高(gao)原環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原細毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang),也(ye)就(jiu)是現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)。 阿(a)(a)克(ke)(ke)塞(sai)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian)有(you)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)風情(qing),居(ju)住在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3000多(duo)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)同胞,俗稱“甘肅哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)”,保(bao)(bao)(bao)留著古樸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化和(he)獨(du)具特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)風俗。阿(a)(a)克(ke)(ke)塞(sai)縣(xian)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)2鄉1鎮 ,因舊城(博羅轉井鎮)西(xi)28公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)處有(you)一(yi)條白溝而(er)得名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)(a)克(ke)(ke)塞(sai)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian),成(cheng)立于(yu)(yu)1954年,位于(yu)(yu)甘、青、新(xin)三(san)省(區)交(jiao)界(jie)處,河西(xi)走(zou)廊西(xi)南(nan)部(bu),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總面積3.1萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li),轄5鄉1鎮13個(ge)(ge)行政村。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)片熱(re)土(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生活著哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)、漢、回(hui)、維(wei)吾爾(er)等11個(ge)(ge)民族(zu)(zu)(zu),總人(ren)口9100多(duo)人(ren),其中哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)3700多(duo)人(ren),占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)41.3%。畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)采礦(kuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是自治縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)有(you)1480萬畝(mu)可利(li)用(yong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場,牲畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)欄數15萬頭(tou)(只)。這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源十分(fen)(fen)豐富(fu),引黨濟(ji)紅工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)通水,使這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)片肥(fei)(fei)沃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)得以開(kai)發(fa)。這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)資源十分(fen)(fen)豐富(fu),有(you)“百里(li)(li)(li)黃金地(di)(di)(di),塞(sai)外聚寶盆”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)稱。 畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是阿(a)(a)克(ke)(ke)塞(sai)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),也(ye)是農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主導產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。近年來(lai)(lai),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)牢固樹立“牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)穩,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)不(bu)穩,牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民不(bu)富(fu),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)不(bu)富(fu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想,始(shi)終把(ba)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)效、農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持農(nong)(nong)村穩定作為(wei)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點來(lai)(lai)抓,先后(hou)投資2480余萬元,建(jian)成(cheng)了一(yi)、二(er)(er)期防災保(bao)(bao)(bao)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)駱(luo)駝(tuo)、絨山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di),完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范縣(xian)和(he)“三(san)化”治理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),新(xin)上(shang)(shang)(shang)了天然植被(bei)恢復與保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、退牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)還草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)3萬畝(mu),建(jian)成(cheng)引水渠5條80多(duo)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li),防洪堤壩22公(gong)里(li)(li)(li),新(xin)打機井12眼(yan),修建(jian)藥(yao)浴池(chi)、澇池(chi)20座,完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)圍欄封(feng)育(yu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場41.7萬畝(mu),建(jian)高(gao)標準暖棚20座,治理(li)“三(san)化”草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場57.7萬畝(mu),畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)群改(gai)良(liang)面達(da)(da)82%,適齡母畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)比(bi)例(li)達(da)(da)到56%以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 啟動(dong)了良(liang)種繁育(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。大(da)(da)力推進(jin)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化進(jin)程(cheng),以設施(shi)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主攻方(fang)向,按照市場―龍頭(tou)―基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)―牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式發(fa)展,形(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)市場(城效牛(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)肥(fei)(fei)市場),開(kai)發(fa)了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)品(pin)牌(哈(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)),建(jian)成(cheng)了二(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)龍頭(tou)項目(乳品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang))和(he)三(san)個(ge)(ge)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(防災保(bao)(bao)(bao)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、駱(luo)駝(tuo)、絨山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)),實(shi)現了由傳統牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向現代牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變。畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始(shi)由自給自足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小農(nong)(nong)經(jing)濟(ji)向商品(pin)型(xing)經(jing)濟(ji)、由數量型(xing)向質(zhi)(zhi)量型(xing)、由靠天養(yang)(yang)(yang)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)向科學(xue)(xue)養(yang)(yang)(yang)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變。歷(li)(li)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)逐水草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)而(er)居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)開(kai)始(shi)實(shi)踐著生產(chan)(chan)生活方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變,實(shi)現了牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)城有(you)高(gao)標準住房(fang),在(zai)(zai)冬春(chun)季有(you)氈房(fang),讓(rang)老(lao)年人(ren)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)城養(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao),青壯年在(zai)(zai)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),少年兒(er)童在(zai)(zai)新(xin)城上(shang)(shang)(shang)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)好愿望。2003年底(di),牲畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)欄達(da)(da)16.42萬頭(tou)(只),肉類產(chan)(chan)量達(da)(da)900多(duo)噸,絨毛產(chan)(chan)量達(da)(da)150多(duo)噸,農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產(chan)(chan)值完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)1701萬元,同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長4.94%;完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)值1212萬元,同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長5.4%。哈(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰哈(ha)(ha)(ha)薩克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉脂肪分(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻,肉質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩,腥膻(shan)味小,是甘肅羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精華,已(yi)享譽全(quan)(quan)國。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因素(su)
(1)土壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:阿(a)克塞的土壤主要以灌漠土和(he)戈壁灘為(wei)主,有(you)部(bu)分高山(shan)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)和(he)高原(yuan)沼澤地(di)。深(shen)山(shan)峻嶺,戈壁邊緣、河谷平(ping)原(yuan)還遍布著種類繁多(duo)的天然藥材,有(you)雪蓮、麻黃、鎖陽(yang)、甘草(cao)(cao)等30多(duo)種。由于這(zhe)特(te)殊的土壤、水質條件和(he)豐(feng)富的草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)牧草(cao)(cao),極符合羊的生(sheng)態(tai)學特(te)性,是全(quan)國適合羊生(sheng)長的生(sheng)態(tai)地(di)理區域,這(zhe)些(xie)均為(wei)哈克塞發展(zhan)養(yang)殖羊產業奠定了堅實(shi)的基礎。
(2)水(shui)文情況:區域內水(shui)利資源較為豐(feng)富,主要河流(liu)(liu)有(you)大(da)(da)哈(ha)爾騰河、小哈(ha)爾騰河和安南壩河三條(tiao),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積8560多(duo)平方公里,年徑流(liu)(liu)量4.52億(yi)立(li)方米。共有(you)大(da)(da)小冰川86條(tiao),面(mian)(mian)積357km3,蘊(yun)藏水(shui)量約19810 m3;大(da)(da)小河溝(gou)31條(tiao),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積1.36 萬km2,年徑流(liu)(liu)量4.80億(yi)m3,湖泊119.6 km2,集水(shui)1.96億(yi)m3,地下水(shui)資源量約4.90億(yi)m3。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:阿克(ke)塞哈薩克(ke)族(zu)自治縣(xian)地處青藏(zang)高原高寒(han)地帶(dai)、深居亞歐大(da)(da)陸(lu)腹地,氣(qi)候(hou)主要(yao)受蒙古高壓大(da)(da)陸(lu)氣(qi)團制約,屬典型的(de)大(da)(da)陸(lu)氣(qi)性(xing)高寒(han)半干(gan)旱(han)(han)氣(qi)候(hou),氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件較為惡劣,冬季寒(han)冷,春季多風,降(jiang)雨稀少,蒸(zheng)發量大(da)(da),晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da),多年平均降(jiang)水量215.5mm,最(zui)大(da)(da)年降(jiang)水量469.7mm。阿克(ke)塞縣(xian)南部的(de)后山部分屬青藏(zang)高原高寒(han)半干(gan)旱(han)(han)氣(qi)候(hou)帶(dai),北(bei)部的(de)前山部分則屬大(da)(da)陸(lu)性(xing)中溫(wen)帶(dai)干(gan)旱(han)(han)氣(qi)候(hou)區。