一.產品介紹
哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)較早,據清朝(chao)楊岫撰寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《豳風廣(guang)義(yi)》中記載(zai),“羊(yang),五(wu)方(fang)(fang)所產不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),而(er)種(zhong)類甚多,哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)密一種(zhong)大(da)尾(wei)羊(yang),尾(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)一二(er)(er)十斤”,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)尾(wei)羊(yang),即當(dang)今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)。長(chang)期(qi)繁(fan)(fan)衍在(zai)嚴酷生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang),經(jing)(jing)過(guo)自(zi)然選(xuan)擇(ze)及農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精心(xin)選(xuan)育,形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)適(shi)(shi)應性廣(guang)、體質(zhi)結(jie)實(shi)、四肢(zhi)較高(gao)、善于爬山(shan)游牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、抓膘能力(li)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。部分哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)在(zai)阿(a)克(ke)(ke)塞廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)上安(an)定(ding)下(xia)來(lai)以(yi)后(hou),開(kai)始大(da)力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),將他們一直牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)與(yu)一些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)繁(fan)(fan)育改良,逐(zhu)漸形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)適(shi)(shi)應哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰(teng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)高(gao)原(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原(yuan)細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang),也就是現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰(teng)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)。 阿(a)克(ke)(ke)塞哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)有獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)風情,居住在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3000多哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)同(tong)胞,俗(su)稱(cheng)“甘肅哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)”,保留著(zhu)古樸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)文化(hua)和(he)獨具特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)風俗(su)。阿(a)克(ke)(ke)塞縣(xian)全(quan)縣(xian)2鄉1鎮 ,因舊城(博羅轉井鎮)西(xi)28公(gong)里(li)處有一條(tiao)白(bai)溝而(er)得(de)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)克(ke)(ke)塞哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)于1954年(nian)(nian),位于甘、青(qing)、新三(san)省(區)交界(jie)處,河西(xi)走廊西(xi)南部,全(quan)縣(xian)總面積3.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),轄5鄉1鎮13個(ge)行(xing)政村(cun)。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)片熱土上生(sheng)活著(zhu)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)、漢、回、維(wei)吾爾(er)等11個(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu),總人(ren)口9100多人(ren),其中哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)3700多人(ren),占全(quan)縣(xian)總人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)41.3%。畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)采礦(kuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支柱產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)有1480萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)可利用草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang),牲畜(chu)(chu)存(cun)欄數15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(只(zhi)(zhi))。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源十分豐富(fu)(fu),引(yin)(yin)黨濟紅(hong)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竣工(gong)通水(shui),使這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)大(da)片肥沃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)以(yi)開(kai)發。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)礦(kuang)產資(zi)源十分豐富(fu)(fu),有“百里(li)黃金地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),塞外(wai)聚寶(bao)盆”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美稱(cheng)。 畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是阿(a)克(ke)(ke)塞哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),也是農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)收致富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主導產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。近年(nian)(nian)來(lai),全(quan)縣(xian)上下(xia)牢固樹立(li)“牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)穩(wen),全(quan)縣(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)穩(wen),牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)富(fu)(fu),全(quan)縣(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)富(fu)(fu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想,始終把(ba)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)效、農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)收和(he)保持農(nong)(nong)村(cun)穩(wen)定(ding)作為農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)村(cun)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點來(lai)抓,先后(hou)投資(zi)2480余萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元,建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一、二(er)(er)期(qi)防災(zai)保畜(chu)(chu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)駱(luo)駝、絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范縣(xian)和(he)“三(san)化(hua)”治(zhi)理(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng),新上了(le)天(tian)(tian)然植(zhi)被恢復與(yu)保護工(gong)程(cheng)、退牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)還草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)工(gong)程(cheng),完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)工(gong)種(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)渠5條(tiao)80多公(gong)里(li),防洪(hong)堤壩22公(gong)里(li),新打機井12眼,修(xiu)建(jian)藥浴池、澇池20座(zuo),完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圍欄封育草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)41.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),建(jian)高(gao)標準暖棚(peng)20座(zuo),治(zhi)理(li)(li)“三(san)化(hua)”草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)57.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),畜(chu)(chu)群(qun)改良面達(da)(da)82%,適(shi)(shi)齡母畜(chu)(chu)比例達(da)(da)到56%以(yi)上。 啟動了(le)良種(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)育工(gong)程(cheng)。大(da)力(li)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng),以(yi)設施畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為主攻方(fang)(fang)向(xiang),按照市場(chang)―龍頭―基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)―牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式發展(zhan)(zhan),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一個(ge)市場(chang)(城效牛羊(yang)育肥市場(chang)),開(kai)發了(le)一個(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰(teng)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)),建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)二(er)(er)個(ge)龍頭項目(乳品(pin)(pin)(pin)加工(gong)廠、飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)加工(gong)廠)和(he)三(san)個(ge)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(防災(zai)保畜(chu)(chu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、駱(luo)駝、絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)),實(shi)現了(le)由(you)(you)傳統牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)現代牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)。畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始由(you)(you)自(zi)給自(zi)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)經(jing)(jing)濟向(xiang)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)型(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)濟、由(you)(you)數量型(xing)(xing)向(xiang)質(zhi)量型(xing)(xing)、由(you)(you)靠天(tian)(tian)養畜(chu)(chu)向(xiang)科學養畜(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)。歷(li)史(shi)上逐(zhu)水(shui)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)而(er)居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)開(kai)始實(shi)踐(jian)著(zhu)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian),實(shi)現了(le)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)在(zai)縣(xian)城有高(gao)標準住房,在(zai)冬春(chun)季有氈房,讓老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)在(zai)新城養老(lao),青(qing)壯年(nian)(nian)在(zai)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),少年(nian)(nian)兒(er)童在(zai)新城上學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美好愿望。2003年(nian)(nian)底,牲畜(chu)(chu)存(cun)欄達(da)(da)16.42萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(只(zhi)(zhi)),肉(rou)類產量達(da)(da)900多噸(dun),絨(rong)(rong)毛產量達(da)(da)150多噸(dun),農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產值(zhi)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1701萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元,同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)4.94%;完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值(zhi)1212萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元,同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)5.4%。哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)爾(er)騰(teng)哈(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)克(ke)(ke)羊(yang)肉(rou)脂肪(fang)分布均勻(yun),肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)(xi)嫩,腥膻味小(xiao),是甘肅羊(yang)肉(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精華,已享譽全(quan)國。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤地(di)貌情況:阿克塞(sai)的土壤主要以灌漠土和戈壁灘(tan)為主,有(you)部分高(gao)山草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)和高(gao)原沼澤地(di)。深山峻嶺,戈壁邊(bian)緣、河谷平(ping)原還遍(bian)布著(zhu)種類繁多的天然藥材,有(you)雪蓮、麻黃、鎖陽(yang)、甘草(cao)(cao)等30多種。由(you)于(yu)這特(te)殊(shu)的土壤、水質條(tiao)件(jian)和豐富(fu)的草(cao)(cao)原牧草(cao)(cao),極符(fu)合羊的生態(tai)(tai)學特(te)性,是全國適合羊生長的生態(tai)(tai)地(di)理區域(yu),這些(xie)均為哈(ha)克塞(sai)發(fa)展養(yang)殖(zhi)羊產業奠(dian)定了(le)堅實的基礎。
(2)水文情況:區域(yu)內水利資源較為豐富,主要河流有大(da)哈(ha)爾騰(teng)河、小哈(ha)爾騰(teng)河和安南壩河三(san)條(tiao),流域(yu)面積8560多平方公里(li),年徑流量(liang)4.52億(yi)(yi)立方米。共有大(da)小冰川(chuan)86條(tiao),面積357km3,蘊藏水量(liang)約(yue)19810 m3;大(da)小河溝31條(tiao),流域(yu)面積1.36 萬km2,年徑流量(liang)4.80億(yi)(yi)m3,湖泊119.6 km2,集水1.96億(yi)(yi)m3,地(di)下水資源量(liang)約(yue)4.90億(yi)(yi)m3。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):阿克(ke)塞哈薩(sa)克(ke)族(zu)自治縣地處青藏(zang)高原(yuan)高寒(han)地帶、深(shen)居亞歐大陸(lu)腹地,氣(qi)(qi)候主要受(shou)蒙古(gu)高壓大陸(lu)氣(qi)(qi)團制約,屬(shu)典(dian)型的大陸(lu)氣(qi)(qi)性高寒(han)半干(gan)旱氣(qi)(qi)候,氣(qi)(qi)候條件較為惡劣,冬季寒(han)冷,春季多(duo)風,降雨稀少,蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)大,晝(zhou)夜溫差大,多(duo)年平均降水量(liang)(liang)215.5mm,最大年降水量(liang)(liang)469.7mm。阿克(ke)塞縣南部(bu)的后山(shan)部(bu)分屬(shu)青藏(zang)高原(yuan)高寒(han)半干(gan)旱氣(qi)(qi)候帶,北(bei)部(bu)的前山(shan)部(bu)分則屬(shu)大陸(lu)性中(zhong)溫帶干(gan)旱氣(qi)(qi)候區。