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品種特點

歐(ou)拉羊(yang)體(ti)質結實，肢高(gao)體(ti)大(da)，背腰較(jiao)寬平，胸深，后軀(qu)發育好(hao)，十字部略高(gao)于體(ti)高(gao)。頭稍狹長(chang)，呈(cheng)(cheng)銳三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)，成年羊(yang)額寬與頭長(chang)比為1∶1.72，鼻梁隆凸，眼廓微突，耳較(jiao)大(da)，多數具有肉髯，公(gong)羊(yang)前胸著生黃褐色“胸毛”，而母羊(yang)不(bu)明顯。公(gong)羊(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)粗而長(chang)，呈(cheng)(cheng)淺螺旋狀向(xiang)(xiang)左右平伸或(huo)稍向(xiang)(xiang)前，角(jiao)(jiao)尖向(xiang)(xiang)外，角(jiao)(jiao)尖距(ju)離較(jiao)大(da)，母羊(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)較(jiao)細(xi)小(xiao)。尾短小(xiao)而瘦，呈(cheng)(cheng)扁錐形(xing)。

歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)素以個體高大，肌肉(rou)豐滿產(chan)(chan)(chan)肉(rou)量高而(er)著稱，是藏(zang)系綿羊(yang)(yang)中產(chan)(chan)(chan)肉(rou)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)最好(hao)的羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)。然(ran)而(er)近些年(nian)來(lai)，由于(yu)對歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)和(he)(he)培(pei)育(yu)工作重(zhong)視不夠，加之(zhi)天然(ran)草(cao)原退化、沙化和(he)(he)鼠蟲害(hai)泛(fan)濫等原因，甘南州歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)質量受到(dao)明顯影響，突出(chu)表現于(yu)育(yu)成種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)的繁殖力和(he)(he)體重(zhong)、體高等生產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)均(jun)(jun)呈下降趨勢，甘南州藏(zang)系綿羊(yang)(yang)個體平均(jun)(jun)變(bian)小(xiao) 16. 7% ，產(chan)(chan)(chan)肉(rou)量平均(jun)(jun)下降 18. 3% ，雙羔率幾乎為(wei)零，全州牲畜優良品(pin)種(zhong)所占(zhan)比例低，畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的質不優、量不高。針對上述情況，通過(guo)開展歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)和(he)(he)培(pei)育(yu)試驗，探(tan)索歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)選(xuan)(xuan)留、飼(si)養標準和(he)(he)日(ri)常管(guan)理方法，從而(er)為(wei)提(ti)升甘南州歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)繁殖性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)提(ti)供科學依(yi)據(ju)。

根(gen)據(ju)趙有璋等（1977）的研究，在(zai)2242只母羊中(zhong)，全白(bai)(bai)者(zhe)占0.67%，體(ti)白(bai)(bai)者(zhe)占11.95%，體(ti)雜者(zhe)占86.44%，全黑(hei)者(zhe)占0.94%。

生產性能

產肉性能

6月齡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平均(jun)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong) 35.14公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)31.44公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，1.5歲公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平均(jun)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)48.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)為52.76公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)；成(cheng)年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平均(jun)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)66.82公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，成(cheng)年母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)為52.76公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。1.5歲羯羊(yang)胴(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)18.05公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，內(nei)臟(zang)脂肪(fang)重(zhong)0.74公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，屠宰率47.81%；成(cheng)年母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)胴(dong)(dong)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)25.83公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，內(nei)臟(zang)脂肪(fang)重(zhong)2.15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，屠宰率48.1%；成(cheng)年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羯羊(yang)上述指標相應為30.75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、2.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)54.19%。

產毛性能

歐拉羊(yang)(yang)被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)稀，死(si)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)多(duo)，頭、頸、尾(wei)、腹和四肢均(jun)覆蓋短刺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。在成(cheng)年(nian)母羊(yang)(yang)的(de)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)被中，無髓毛(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)39.03%，兩(liang)型毛(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)25.44%，有髓毛(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)7.41%，死(si)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)28.12%。剪(jian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)量成(cheng)年(nian)公羊(yang)(yang)平均(jun)1.0公斤，成(cheng)年(nian)母羊(yang)(yang)為(wei)0.86公斤，凈毛(mao)(mao)(mao)率(lv)76%。

產皮性能

歐拉羊皮(pi)(pi)質地致密，面積(ji)大(da)，柔韌性好(hao)，加(jia)工(gong)延展度達(da)12%，是制革和縫制牧民皮(pi)(pi)襖的上好(hao)原料。10月份宰(zai)割鮮皮(pi)(pi)重3 ～7 kg 、面積(ji) 0.56 ～1.33 m。歐拉老羊皮(pi)(pi)皮(pi)(pi)板厚(hou)而結(jie)實，隔風御(yu)寒性能極佳(jia) 。

繁殖性能

歐(ou)拉母(mu)(mu)羊的(de)母(mu)(mu)性良好，育(yu)羔(gao)能力強。一般(ban)母(mu)(mu)羊在(zai)1.5歲(sui)開始發情(qing)，繁殖(zhi)年(nian)(nian)限5～6年(nian)(nian)。 每年(nian)(nian)產羔(gao)1 次(ci)，每胎(tai)1羔(gao)。母(mu)(mu)羊發情(qing)周期平均為(wei) 17.54 d、妊娠期151.31d 。當(dang)地習慣產冬羔(gao)，一般(ban)在(zai)7 ～ 9月(yue)份配種，12月(yue)至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)2 月(yue)份產羔(gao)。1.5歲(sui)母(mu)(mu)羊的(de)繁殖(zhi)成活率為(wei)48%，成年(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)羊的(de)繁殖(zhi)成活率為(wei)68%。

歐拉羔羊育肥

青海(hai)省海(hai)南(nan)州貴南(nan)縣森多鄉充(chong)分挖(wa)掘利用(yong)本土良種(zhong)歐拉(la)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)帶動作用(yong)，2009年(nian)(nian)引入青藏高(gao)原上的(de)歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)做父(fu)本，以普(pu)通藏綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)做母本，應用(yong)歐拉(la)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育肥(fei)技術，發展當(dang)地的(de)肉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產業,推行歐拉(la)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)育肥(fei)出欄生產。2010年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)18日(ri)，藏酷歐拉(la)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)總共出欄32只(zhi)公羔(gao)。其中最大的(de)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)84市(shi)斤，平均毛重為(wei)(wei)63.75市(shi)斤/只(zhi)。增(zeng)重效果顯著，對牧民的(de)增(zeng)收效果也非常突(tu)出。

在(zai)收購歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)現場，牧(mu)(mu)戶(hu)吉貝說：歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)這個實(shi)驗(yan)真好，歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)既能當年(nian)(nian)出欄了(le)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)我們(men)又見(jian)到了(le)效益。相比往年(nian)(nian)，今(jin)年(nian)(nian)歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)價(jia)格(ge)很(hen)高，往年(nian)(nian)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)價(jia)格(ge)在(zai)11元/斤左右(you)，而今(jin)年(nian)(nian)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)漲到13.5元/斤。比往年(nian)(nian)一只(zhi)羊(yang)(yang)能多(duo)賺上100多(duo)元錢。當然愿意繼續(xu)搞(gao)實(shi)驗(yan)。實(shi)驗(yan)牧(mu)(mu)戶(hu)吉貝和森多(duo)鄉畜牧(mu)(mu)防疫站表示：歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)實(shi)驗(yan)很(hen)不錯，歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)產業帶動了(le)牧(mu)(mu)民的(de)積極性(xing)，牧(mu)(mu)民受到了(le)很(hen)大的(de)利(li)益，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)對草(cao)場保護(hu)也非常有利(li)。

貴南縣森多鄉牧戶(hu)吉貝家32只(zhi)(zhi)藏(zang)酷歐拉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)出欄(lan)總毛(mao)(mao)重為1020公(gong)斤(jin)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)最大(da)的(de)歐拉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)為42公(gong)斤(jin)，中(zhong)等的(de)歐拉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)為33公(gong)斤(jin)，偏小的(de)歐拉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)為20公(gong)斤(jin)。平(ping)均(jun)毛(mao)(mao)重為31.875公(gong)斤(jin)/只(zhi)(zhi)。而當地(di)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)平(ping)均(jun)毛(mao)(mao)重為26.35公(gong)斤(jin)/只(zhi)(zhi)。藏(zang)酷歐拉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)胴(dong)體(ti)總重為420.05公(gong)斤(jin)，平(ping)均(jun)胴(dong)體(ti)重為13.125公(gong)斤(jin)。平(ping)均(jun)每只(zhi)(zhi)藏(zang)酷歐拉羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)出成率41.18%。

在(zai)青藏(zang)牧(mu)(mu)區推廣藏(zang)酷歐(ou)(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)當(dang)年(nian)育(yu)肥出(chu)(chu)(chu)欄(lan)(lan)，能夠收到三贏的效(xiao)果(guo)：第(di)一，歐(ou)(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)當(dang)年(nian)育(yu)肥出(chu)(chu)(chu)欄(lan)(lan)，牧(mu)(mu)民養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的出(chu)(chu)(chu)欄(lan)(lan)率(lv)、商品率(lv)提高了(le)，可以使牧(mu)(mu)民增收；其(qi)二，商品羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)當(dang)年(nian)秋季(ji)育(yu)肥出(chu)(chu)(chu)欄(lan)(lan)了(le)，越冬(dong)的只(zhi)有種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)季(ji)牲(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)數量減少，減少了(le)對飼草(cao)料的需(xu)求。冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)季(ji)節對母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)及羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行舍(she)飼喂(wei)養(yang)，不進行放牧(mu)(mu)，便消除了(le)牲(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)季(ji)節的超載過牧(mu)(mu)現象。這(zhe)樣就(jiu)緩(huan)解了(le)草(cao)畜(chu)矛(mao)盾，從而保護了(le)極(ji)度(du)脆弱的草(cao)原生態(tai)環境。第(di)三，歐(ou)(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉好吃(chi)好賣價高，提高了(le)農牧(mu)(mu)民養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的經濟效(xiao)益(yi)。