芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東縣(xian)，位(wei)于西藏(zang)自(zi)治區南部、喜馬拉(la)雅山脈中段南麓(lu)。歷(li)史上(shang)(shang)，亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)耳(er)(er)作為(wei)(wei)班禪活(huo)佛供(gong)品(pin)(pin)，也是(shi)上(shang)(shang)層貴族喜愛的食品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)，藏(zang)語稱它(ta)為(wei)(wei)“拿(na)布(bu)摘摘”（“拿(na)布(bu)”是(shi)黑(hei)(hei)色的意思(si)，“摘摘是(shi)薄”的意思(si)。）據傳說很(hen)早以前有位(wei)仙女下凡觀看(kan)人(ren)世間，發現(xian)此處氣候(hou)怡人(ren)，于是(shi)停留片刻觀賞美景，不小心把(ba)帶在(zai)脖子上(shang)(shang)的珍(zhen)珠(zhu)項鏈(lian)掉(diao)散在(zai)此處。后來(lai)被稱為(wei)(wei)“珍(zhen)珠(zhu)木(mu)耳(er)(er)”的來(lai)歷(li)，在(zai)當地廣為(wei)(wei)流傳。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)耳(er)(er)形(xing)狀(zhuang)獨特，濕(shi)耳(er)(er)直徑僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)3-5mm，盤(pan)子均勻(yun)呈圓(yuan)形(xing)，單耳(er)(er)、耳(er)(er)體小，色澤(ze)褐(he)色，肉(rou)質肥厚、口(kou)感細(xi)膩、彈性好、滑潤且營養豐(feng)富，富含人(ren)體所(suo)需的氨基酸和微量元素(su)。當地群眾自(zi)古(gu)均有采食亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)耳(er)(er)習(xi)慣和有把(ba)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)耳(er)(er)作為(wei)(wei)滋補品(pin)(pin)送(song)病人(ren)調養身(shen)體的習(xi)俗，在(zai)國內外(wai)市場(chang)被譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)“植物肉(rou)、素(su)中之(zhi)葷”。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況：亞東縣土(tu)壤(rang)種類(lei)較(jiao)多，高山(shan)寒漠土(tu)、高山(shan)草甸土(tu)、高山(shan)草原(yuan)土(tu)、亞高山(shan)草甸土(tu)、亞高山(shan)草原(yuan)土(tu)、暗棕壤(rang)土(tu)、棕壤(rang)土(tu)、黃棕壤(rang)土(tu)、草甸土(tu)、沼(zhao)澤10個(ge)土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型，總面積(ji)4212平方公里(li)，耕地(di)面積(ji)僅1.2萬畝；亞東縣地(di)貌屬喜(xi)馬拉雅山(shan)高山(shan)地(di)貌，由北(bei)部(bu)(bu)、南(nan)部(bu)(bu)二大地(di)勢部(bu)(bu)組成，整(zheng)個(ge)地(di)勢是北(bei)部(bu)(bu)寬高，南(nan)部(bu)(bu)窄低、總體(ti)地(di)貌為(wei)一(yi)山(shan)溝。

（2）水(shui)(shui)文情況：亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)境內(nei)的河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)主要有康布(bu)(bu)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)、卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)(mu)麻曲(qu)(qu)(qu)、卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)(mu)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)3條。還有10多條季節性(xing)小支流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)交錯(cuo)，穿越全境，同(tong)時境內(nei)還有瀑布(bu)(bu)與(yu)迭水(shui)(shui)密布(bu)(bu)。亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)床狹窄，水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)湍(tuan)急等特點(dian)，在河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)內(nei)也是(shi)森林分布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)。康布(bu)(bu)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)泡罕(han)里山，向(xiang)南流(liu)(liu)；帕里曲(qu)(qu)(qu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)(mu)拉山，向(xiang)南流(liu)(liu)；兩河(he)(he)(he)(he)至下(xia)司(si)馬鎮匯(hui)合形成卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)(mu)麻曲(qu)(qu)(qu)（亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)）。卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)(mu)麻曲(qu)(qu)(qu)南流(liu)(liu)進入不(bu)丹境內(nei)。亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)縣位于(yu)(yu)西藏日(ri)喀則地區(qu)(qu)南部，境內(nei)沒有大型工廠(chang)，無“三(san)廢”排放和空氣污染，土壤(rang)沒有重(zhong)金屬污染歷史， 根據環(huan)境監測(ce)部門(men)監測(ce)，亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)縣境內(nei)地表水(shui)(shui)達到(dao)國家《地面水(shui)(shui) 環(huan)境質(zhi)量標準》的Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標準；水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)感觀良好，無色、無臭、無味、透明， pH值在5.5-7.5之間，砷≤0.05、鎘≤0.005、鉛≤0.05等有關指標符合我國和世界衛(wei)生組織(zhi)制(zhi)定(ding)的飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)準則。

（3）氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況：亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)由于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形變化(hua)較復雜，而且海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)懸殊(shu)大，因此，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)的垂(chui)直變化(hua)也(ye)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)明顯。因懸殊(shu)的海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)帕里(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界，分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)截(jie)然不(bu)同(tong)的兩個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，北(bei)部平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)4300米(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)半干旱(han)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，南部平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)2800米(mi)(mi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)，森林(lin)茂密(mi)。北(bei)部地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)高(gao)(gao)寒(han)(han)干旱(han)，自然災害(hai)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)；南部地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)，空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)清新，生(sheng)產條件良好。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)位置的差異，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)也(ye)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)六種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)鄉(xiang)的切(qie)瑪(ma)村(cun)至(zhi)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)林(lin)場，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)2700米(mi)(mi)，其氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)的基(ji)本特征是(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)超過10℃，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)20－16℃，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)10－5℃。無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)300天以(yi)上，這里(li)(li)冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)，基(ji)本上無(wu)霜(shuang)、雪(xue)(xue)，很少結(jie)(jie)冰，土壤(rang)中沒有(you)(you)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)層(ceng)(ceng)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)29℃左右，7－9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)雨水(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)1500－2000毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間。是(shi)(shi)(shi)針(zhen)闊葉混交林(lin)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，林(lin)下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)箭(jian)竹(zhu)，伴生(sheng)的藤本植物也(ye)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)發育；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)林(lin)場至(zhi)上亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)鄉(xiang)，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)2700－3200米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)7－10℃，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)14－16℃，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)0－5℃。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)雪(xue)(xue)，積(ji)雪(xue)(xue)可(ke)達30－100厘米(mi)(mi)，但(dan)融化(hua)較快；年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)雨日有(you)(you)105天，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)937毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)開始就有(you)(you)較大的降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)涼帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。上亞(ya)(ya)(ya)東(dong)至(zhi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)達，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)3100－3900米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2－7℃，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)10－14℃，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)0－5℃左右。無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)大于150天， 每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)(xue)，積(ji)雪(xue)(xue)達60－80厘米(mi)(mi)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)時可(ke)達150－200厘米(mi)(mi)。土壤(rang)里(li)(li)有(you)(you)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)性凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)現(xian)，最(zui)大凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)土深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達40厘米(mi)(mi)左右，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)750毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，其中4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大；夜間降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占五(wu)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)四以(yi)上。主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)杉、云(yun)杉、高(gao)(gao)山松等(deng)林(lin)木分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)；四是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)山亞(ya)(ya)(ya)寒(han)(han)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)達至(zhi)塘拉之(zhi)(zhi)間，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)3900－5200米(mi)(mi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)寒(han)(han)冷(leng)、年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)于0℃，日均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)小于或等(deng)于5℃，無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)不(bu)足(zu)90天，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)18℃，最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)30.1℃。結(jie)(jie)冰日數(shu)(shu)(shu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)達318天。雨季(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)6－9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)450毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)左右。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)，除6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)外，其余時間均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)可(ke)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)(xue)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)(xue)日數(shu)(shu)(shu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總日數(shu)(shu)(shu)的三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。帕里(li)(li)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雹(bao)日數(shu)(shu)(shu)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)達10天左右，但(dan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)在(zai)作物生(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)出(chu)現(xian)，加(jia)上霜(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)嚴重，不(bu)利于農業生(sheng)產。植被以(yi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)長的耐(nai)寒(han)(han)草旬與(yu)低(di)(di)矮灌叢為(wei)(wei)(wei)主；五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)山寒(han)(han)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。卓木拉日雪(xue)(xue)山以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)4200－5500米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)－2℃－6℃，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)6－2℃，最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)－10℃－16℃，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7-8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)于0℃。土壤(rang)水(shui)(shui)份(fen)處于晝夜融凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)交替之(zhi)(zhi)中，形成本帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)特有(you)(you)的融凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)現(xian)象(xiang)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)內只能生(sheng)長一(yi)(yi)些耐(nai)寒(han)(han)的矮小草甸，墊狀植物和(he)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)衣。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)400毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上，因云(yun)霧較多(duo)(duo)(duo)，因而比較濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)。海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)5500米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上則為(wei)(wei)(wei)終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)的冰雪(xue)(xue)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)山稀(xi)疏(shu)墊狀植被分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)；六是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)寒(han)(han)冷(leng)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、半干旱(han)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。堆(dui)納鄉(xiang)和(he)吉汝鄉(xiang)大部分(fen)寬谷(gu)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及其周圍，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)4400－5000米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3－4℃左右，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13－6℃，6－9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)12--15℃，最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)－5℃－16℃。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4-7個月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)于0℃。無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)80---100天。本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的顯著特點，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)較少，一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)300毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)左右，是(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)旱(han)生(sheng)草叢植被分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。

三.地域范圍

“亞東黑(hei)木耳(er)”產業(ye)(ye)范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區(qu)日(ri)喀則地(di)(di)區(qu)亞東縣(xian)(xian)所轄的(de)康布鄉(xiang)、上亞東鄉(xiang)、下(xia)司馬鎮(zhen)、下(xia)亞東鄉(xiang)的(de)林區(qu)。 亞東縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)日(ri)喀則地(di)(di)區(qu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、喜馬拉(la)雅山(shan)脈中段南(nan)麓，為(wei)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區(qu)邊(bian)境(jing)(jing)縣(xian)(xian)之一(yi)。是突出的(de)邊(bian)境(jing)(jing)三(san)角地(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標為(wei)北(bei)(bei)緯27°13′—27°56′，東經(jing)(jing)88°46′—89°10′，亞東黑(hei)木耳(er)區(qu)域生(sheng)長(chang)面積為(wei)1684.24平方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。東、南(nan)、西(xi)(xi)三(san)面分別與(yu)不丹、印度接壤，且通外山(shan)口43處，邊(bian)境(jing)(jing)線長(chang)290公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)，北(bei)(bei)與(yu)康馬、白朗、崗(gang)巴(ba)相(xiang)鄰。東西(xi)(xi)最大(da)寬(kuan)度45公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)最大(da)長(chang)度為(wei)123公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)四鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)海拔(ba)均(jun)在(zai)4300米以(yi)上，高(gao)寒缺氧、干旱少雨，植被(bei)稀疏(shu)，以(yi)高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸場放(fang)牧為(wei)主，經(jing)(jing)濟較(jiao)為(wei)落(luo)后。南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)海拔(ba)在(zai)2500米至3500米，以(yi)農業(ye)(ye)、牧業(ye)(ye)為(wei)主，經(jing)(jing)濟較(jiao)為(wei)發達，是亞東黑(hei)木耳(er)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)主要地(di)(di)帶。全縣(xian)(xian)總面積為(wei)4212平方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)駐地(di)(di)下(xia)司馬鎮(zhen)海拔(ba)2900m，是全縣(xian)(xian)政治(zhi)、經(jing)(jing)濟、文化(hua)交流中心，距日(ri)喀則市300km、拉(la)薩市580km。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在感官(guan)特征：亞(ya)東黑(hei)木耳(er)形態(tai)為盤子均(jun)勻顯圓形，顏色(se)深黑(hei)色(se)，滑有光感，平；。背面(mian)絨毛短而少(shao)，暗灰色(se)；耳(er)面(mian)黑(hei)褐色(se)，色(se)鮮、肉厚（耳(er)片厚1.7mm左右(you)）、朵較小（直(zhi)徑一般為3-5mm）。

（2）內(nei)在品質指標：亞(ya)東黑(hei)木耳彈性好、口感細膩(ni)、滑潤，營養豐(feng)富(fu)，風味獨特。蛋(dan)白(bai)質含量10%-13%，鋅(xin)26-28mg/kg，鐵(tie)70-75mg/kg，氨基酸總量在8-10%。

（3）安(an)全要求：亞(ya)東黑(hei)木(mu)耳生產過程(cheng)執行《無公害食品黑(hei)木(mu)耳》NY5098-2002標(biao)準。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產地(di)選擇與特殊內容規定：野(ye)生(sheng)條(tiao)件下(xia)亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)黑木(mu)耳(er)生(sheng)長在西(xi)藏亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)縣境(jing)內特定山林中，北(bei)緯27o13′—27o56′，東(dong)(dong)經(jing)88o46′—89o10′，南北(bei)長79.5km，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬44 km。在全區（甚至全國）同海(hai)撥(bo)地(di)區均未發現該生(sheng)物品種(zhong)。且亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)木(mu)耳(er)只生(sheng)長在一(yi)種(zhong)開黃花的 薔薇科(ke)薔薇屬(shu)的植(zhi)物枯枝上。亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)黑木(mu)耳(er)基地(di)位于亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)縣康布鄉、上亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)鄉、下(xia)司馬鎮、下(xia)亞(ya)(ya)東(dong)(dong)鄉4個鄉鎮。產地(di)環境(jing)質量(liang)必(bi)須符(fu)合《綠色(se)食品 產地(di)環境(jing)技術條(tiao)件》（NT/T391-2000）的要(yao)求。

（2）品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與(yu)特定(ding)要(yao)求： 亞東(dong)(dong)黑木耳作為亞東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)境(jing)內特有的野生(sheng)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)，在人工栽培時菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)是用野生(sheng)黑耳，通過組(zu)織分(fen)離法和孢子分(fen)離法獲得純種(zhong)(zhong)，在此基礎制作二級(ji)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)（原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)）和三級(ji)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)（栽培種(zhong)(zhong)）

（3）生產過程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理規(gui)定：亞(ya)東黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)生產過程(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)須執行《亞(ya)東黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)生產技(ji)術規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》。為(wei)了保證亞(ya)東黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)的品質(zhi)特色，尤(you)其要注(zhu)重(zhong)以下(xia)環節：

①黑(hei)耳(er)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)制取(qu)。亞(ya)東黑(hei)木耳(er)的(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)主要是用野生黑(hei)耳(er)，通過組織分離(li)法和孢(bao)子分離(li)法獲得純種(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)此基礎(chu)制作二(er)級菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(原種(zhong)(zhong))和三級菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(栽培(pei)種(zhong)(zhong))。菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)制取(qu)的(de)(de)全過程應在(zai)無菌(jun)(jun)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)，培(pei)養環境應嚴格按照以下(xia)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian):

（1）菌種培養室要求干燥(zao)、潔凈、黑暗。

（2）溫度(du)(du)：菌絲生長(chang)最適溫度(du)(du)一般(ban)在(zai)22—25℃。

（3）濕(shi)度(du)：保持在65%左右。

（4）空氣：在菌絲生(sheng)長階段注(zhu)意環(huan)境的通風(feng)換(huan)氣。

（5）光(guang)線：菌絲生長階段在避光(guang)條(tiao)件下進行。

（6）要(yao)經(jing)常性地(di)檢查培養的菌(jun)種是否感染雜菌(jun)，如有感染則(ze)應及(ji)時(shi)剔除、清理。

②代(dai)(dai)料的(de)制備。亞(ya)(ya)東黑木耳(er)人工栽培(pei)(pei)主要是(shi)采用(yong)代(dai)(dai)料栽培(pei)(pei)的(de)方(fang)式，因(yin)此在代(dai)(dai)料的(de)選(xuan)擇及其消毒滅菌等環(huan)節(jie)應嚴格按照(zhao)亞(ya)(ya)東黑木耳(er)生 產技術(shu)規程的(de)有(you)關要求，以(yi)保證亞(ya)(ya)東黑木耳(er)的(de)品質。代(dai)(dai)料應選(xuan)用(yong)當地(di)木屑、玉(yu)米稈、樹(shu)枝等農副(fu)產品。

（4）產(chan)品(pin)收獲及產(chan)后處理的(de)規定：亞東黑木耳收獲及產(chan)后處理必須執行《亞東黑木耳加工技術(shu)規程》。

①采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。長大(da)成熟(shu)的(de)黑(hei)木(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，做(zuo)到勤采(cai)細采(cai)，不使流失，確保高(gao)產優質(zhi)。成熟(shu)的(de)黑(hei)木(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)充分展(zhan)開(kai)，開(kai)始收(shou)(shou)(shou)邊(bian)，顏色(se)變為(wei)褐色(se)，肉質(zhi)肥厚(hou)(hou)，耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)根收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮、變細，觸動(dong)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)時(shi)，可看出(chu)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)顫動(dong)。只要(yao)具備這些特征，說明耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已成熟(shu)，要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。亞東(dong)黑(hei)木(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)一年出(chu)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)2次，采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)有所不同。5月份前(qian)生產的(de)黑(hei)木(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)稱為(wei)春(chun)(chun)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，產量較低，其耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)色(se)深，耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)肉厚(hou)(hou)；11月采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入的(de)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)稱為(wei)冬耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，其耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)色(se)淺，肉厚(hou)(hou)，質(zhi)量最好。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)春(chun)(chun)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)和秋耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)時(shi)，要(yao)求(qiu)采(cai)大(da)留小(xiao)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)間(jian)最好選在天晴的(de)早晨，或者(zhe)晴天早晨露水未干時(shi)。這時(shi)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)潮軟，不會因(yin)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)干燥而弄碎。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)，抓住整朵子(zi)實(shi)體，連耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)根一起摘下來。要(yao)求(qiu)勤采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，不使流耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)，要(yao)注意保護耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)芽。每次采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后，需將耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)木(mu)(mu)翻個面(mian)，促使結耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。

②篩選(xuan)。首先要(yao)清除樹(shu)皮、木塞(sai)、草葉等雜物，修(xiu)剪耳根，如有泥沙應(ying)放在清水(shui)中(zhong)漂洗干凈，再進行干制.

③干(gan)制(zhi)。方法有2種：一(yi)種是將鮮耳(er)(er)(er)攤放在地(di)面的曬席或竹(zhu)簾上(shang)，在烈日下涼曬1～2天即可(ke)曬干(gan)，在耳(er)(er)(er)片未干(gan)以(yi)前，不宜多翻(fan)動，影響質(zhi)量(liang)。另(ling)一(yi)種方法是烘(hong)干(gan)法，在烘(hong)干(gan)箱或在簡易烘(hong)干(gan)房內烘(hong)干(gan)，溫度不要超出45℃。烘(hong)烤過程中翻(fan)動，以(yi)防變成“拳(quan)耳(er)(er)(er)”。烘(hong)干(gan)后(hou)的黑耳(er)(er)(er)含水量(liang)＜13%。

（5）生(sheng)產記錄要求：亞東黑木耳(er)生(sheng)產的全(quan)(quan)過程，要建(jian)立生(sheng)產記錄檔案，必須(xu)準確、清晰、工整(zheng)、完全(quan)(quan)。全(quan)(quan)面記載并(bing)妥(tuo)善保存(cun)，以備查閱。

六.包裝標識相關規定

（1）分級：根(gen)據中(zhong)華人民共和國國家標準GB6192-86規(gui)定，將段(duan)木干(gan)制黑(hei)耳(er)按質量指標分為(wei)一級、二(er)級、三級。

（2）包裝：包裝材料(liao)必須符(fu)合《農產品(pin)包裝和標識管(guan)理辦(ban)法》等相(xiang)關規(gui)定，包裝袋上注明產品(pin)批號并加注“亞東黑(hei)木耳”字樣。

（3）標(biao)識(shi)：銷售的亞(ya)東(dong)黑(hei)木(mu)耳，應(ying)當(dang)在包裝物上標(biao)注(zhu)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)附加標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)明品(pin)名(ming)、產(chan)地、生產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)銷售者(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)稱、生產(chan)日(ri)期、產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量等級、保期質(zhi)。亞(ya)東(dong)黑(hei)木(mu)耳標(biao)識(shi)所(suo)用(yong)文字(zi)應(ying)當(dang)使用(yong)規范的中文和藏文（出(chu)口另(ling)外）。標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)注(zhu)的內(nei)容(rong)應(ying)當(dang)準確、清晰、顯著、完整、持久(jiu)。

（4）貯藏：包裝好(hao)的產品在專用(yong)倉庫中貯藏，注意防(fang)霉、防(fang)蟲。

（5）運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)：黑(hei)木(mu)耳在運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)過程中(zhong)，要(yao)注意防曝曬，防潮(chao)濕，防雨淋。用(yong)車(che)運(yun)(yun)載黑(hei)木(mu)耳時，要(yao)加蓋防雨布(bu)。嚴禁與(yu)有毒物(wu)品混裝，嚴禁用(yong)含殘毒、有污染(ran)的運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工(gong)具運(yun)(yun)載黑(hei)木(mu)耳。