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一.產品介紹

在(zai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)溪市(shi)八縣一區，這里的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)省都是(shi)最優的(de)(de)(de)，但大部分都被(bei)紅塔(ta)集(ji)團收購了，只有很少的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)調到省外(wai)。現在(zai)，紅塔(ta)集(ji)團的(de)(de)(de)原料基(ji)地在(zai)省內主要(yao)有玉(yu)(yu)(yu)溪、大理、楚雄、昭通，每年(nian)(nian)收購量在(zai)500萬擔左右，用(yong)于(yu)近(jin)500萬箱(xiang)名優煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)生產。來自云煙(yan)(yan)(yan)之鄉(xiang)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)溪的(de)(de)(de)原料，是(shi)紅塔(ta)山幾十年(nian)(nian)不衰的(de)(de)(de)根本原因。“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)溪”煙(yan)(yan)(yan)就是(shi)全(quan)(quan)部選用(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)溪煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)來做的(de)(de)(de)，所以他(ta)們說(shuo)，天下煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)在(zai)云南，云煙(yan)(yan)(yan)之鄉(xiang)在(zai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)溪。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)條件：玉(yu)溪市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處云(yun)貴高原西緣(yuan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西北高，東南低(di)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)形復雜(za)，山地(di)(di)(di)(di)、峽谷、高原、盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)交錯分布(bu)。山區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)占90.6%，壩區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)占7.45%，湖泊面(mian)積(ji)(ji)占1.95%，森林覆(fu)蓋率43.8%。最高點海拔3137米(mi)，最低(di)點海拔327米(mi)，大部分耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)海拔1500～1800米(mi)。境(jing)內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)主要(yao)有紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、燥紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、赤紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紫色土(tu)(tu)和水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)七類(lei)，其中適宜栽種烤(kao)煙的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)為紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紫色土(tu)(tu)和水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)，占總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的70%。玉(yu)溪市(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)立地(di)(di)(di)(di)條件較好，土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚，土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松，通透性(xing)好；pH值5.5～7.5，平(ping)均(jun)5.8；有機質(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)3%，速(su)效氮平(ping)均(jun)100mg/Kg，速(su)效磷(lin)平(ping)均(jun)12mg/Kg，速(su)效鉀(jia)較豐富(fu)，平(ping)均(jun)130mg/Kg；0～60cm地(di)(di)(di)(di)層土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)含氯量小于25mg/Kg。

（2）水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況：全市(shi)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)為53.62億(yi)立(li)(li)方(不含元江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)南(nan)盤(pan)江(jiang)(jiang)的(de)過(guo)境(jing)水(shui)(shui)量(liang))，分(fen)屬紅河(he)(he)、珠江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域，其中地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)37.94億(yi)立(li)(li)方，占(zhan)全市(shi)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)70.8％，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)15.68億(yi)立(li)(li)方，占(zhan)全市(shi)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)29.2％。水(shui)(shui)系(xi)發達，市(shi)內(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)分(fen)屬元江(jiang)(jiang)、南(nan)盤(pan)江(jiang)(jiang)兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)，元江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)主要(yao)支流(liu)有(you)綠汁江(jiang)(jiang)、清水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)、小(xiao)河(he)(he)底河(he)(he)、扒河(he)(he)等80多(duo)條，全長360公里，年(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)量(liang)7.0億(yi)立(li)(li)方米；南(nan)盤(pan)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)有(you)南(nan)盤(pan)江(jiang)(jiang)、曲江(jiang)(jiang)、海口(kou)河(he)(he)等17條主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)，全長292公里，年(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)量(liang)3.8億(yi)立(li)(li)方米。境(jing)內(nei)有(you)撫仙湖(hu)、星云(yun)湖(hu)、杞麓湖(hu)三個高原湖(hu)泊(bo)，總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)量(liang)210億(yi)立(li)(li)方。有(you)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)548座(zuo)，其中中型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)15座(zuo)，小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)533座(zuo)，總(zong)庫(ku)容量(liang)6.83億(yi)立(li)(li)方。為確保山地(di)烤煙抗(kang)旱(han)早栽(zai)，山區、半山區建有(you)小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)窖22萬(wan)個。全市(shi)耕(geng)地(di)有(you)效灌溉率75.75%。

（3）氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件：玉溪市(shi)地(di)處低(di)緯度(du)高(gao)原，具有熱(re)帶(dai)、亞熱(re)帶(dai)、溫(wen)帶(dai)三種氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型，屬內陸高(gao)原氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)差小，晝夜溫(wen)差大，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)如春(chun)。植(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)主要集(ji)中(zhong)在中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶(dai)和北亞熱(re)帶(dai)，年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)16.9℃，無霜期250～300天，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)而(er)不冷(leng)，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)暖而(er)不熱(re)，煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)冬短無夏，春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)較(jiao)長，烤煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大田種植(zhi)中(zhong)、后期溫(wen)差較(jiao)小，是清香型優(you)質烤煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)代表(biao)產地(di)。年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)700～900毫(hao)米，相對濕度(du)平均(jun)為74.5%，烤煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)全生(sheng)育期雨量(liang)(liang)在550～750mm之間，雨量(liang)(liang)適中(zhong)，與(yu)優(you)質煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)長發育的(de)需水(shui)(shui)特性一致(zhi)。年(nian)(nian)日照時數2187小時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)太陽輻射(she)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)5265兆焦耳/平方米，與(yu)全國多(duo)數煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)相比輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)，光(guang)照充足，且光(guang)譜中(zhong)最(zui)易被(bei)烤煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)吸收利用的(de)紅光(guang)和藍紫光(guang)較(jiao)多(duo)，光(guang)譜季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化與(yu)優(you)質煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)對光(guang)的(de)需求配合一致(zhi)，十(shi)分(fen)適宜于優(you)質煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉生(sheng)長。

（4）人文歷史(shi)情況(kuang)：玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷史(shi)悠(you)久。早在(zai)(zai)哥倫(lun)布發(fa)(fa)現(xian)美(mei)洲煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)之(zhi)前(qian)，已(yi)有(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，至(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)有(you)500多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)。清末，晾曬(shai)(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)相當(dang)普遍；民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)，僅(jin)通海縣(xian)就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)9800畝(mu)(mu)。烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）即已(yi)在(zai)(zai)紅塔區、通海兩縣(xian)試(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)72畝(mu)(mu)并獲(huo)(huo)得成功(gong)；民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)31年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)1311畝(mu)(mu)，收獲(huo)(huo) 煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)4.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克；民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)32年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)到江川、易門；至(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)34年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，累(lei)計種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積2.71萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)；民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)35年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)至(zhi)新(xin)(xin)平等縣(xian)；民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)38年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達3.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積和產(chan)(chan)(chan)量占(zhan)全省的(de)80%以(yi)上(shang)。新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成立(li)后(hou)(hou)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)晾曬(shai)(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和加(jia)工逐(zhu)漸減(jian)少，烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)逐(zhu)漸增加(jia)。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，政府將烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列(lie)入計劃生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克。由于玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)色澤橙黃(huang)、富油潤、味醇(chun)和，在(zai)(zai)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)河南許(xu)昌(chang)召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)的(de)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量評比會(hui)上(shang)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)評分(fen)108分(fen)，名(ming)列(lie)全國(guo)之(zhi)首，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)熊貓、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)等高級香煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)主要配方原(yuan)料。改革開(kai)(kai)放(fang)之(zhi)前(qian)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)在(zai)(zai)曲折中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積15.15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量1624萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積52.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，收購量8201萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克。進(jin)(jin)入新(xin)(xin)世紀后(hou)(hou)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，全市(shi)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積70萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量10400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)16億元(yuan)。烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當(dang)地農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)最大(da)(da)的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟來(lai)源(yuan)。同時，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)是紅塔煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)（集團）有(you)限責任(ren)公司生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高檔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)主要原(yuan)料，伴隨“紅塔山”卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)香飄四海。玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)主栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)K326、紅花大(da)(da)金元(yuan)。民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)35年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)改進(jin)(jin)所從(cong)美(mei)國(guo)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)“大(da)(da)金元(yuan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)全市(shi)推廣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)和科技人員的(de)共同努力(li)下，培(pei)育了多個多葉(xie)(xie)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)類型的(de)大(da)(da)金元(yuan)衍生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)專區煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)調拔站(zhan)等單位，從(cong)石林縣(xian)路美(mei)邑村引(yin)進(jin)(jin)“紅花大(da)(da)金元(yuan)”，經(jing)(jing)對(dui)比試(shi)(shi)驗，定向選育和馴化，該品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)逐(zhu)步成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)當(dang)家品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，目(mu)前(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)地區煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)公司煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)科所引(yin)進(jin)(jin)美(mei)國(guo)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主要推廣品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)K326，在(zai)(zai)全市(shi)進(jin)(jin)行多點試(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、篩選，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)選育、馴化、改良，由于其具有(you)優質、適產(chan)(chan)(chan)、適應性廣等優點，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積擴(kuo)展(zhan)迅速，目(mu)前(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量7800萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)克，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)主要栽(zai)培(pei)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

三.地域范圍

玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)市(shi)位于云(yun)南省中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部，北緯23°19′～24°53′、東經(jing)101°16′～103°09′之間，南北長163.5公里(li)(li)，東西(xi)寬172公里(li)(li)。東北接昆明市(shi)，東南鄰紅(hong)(hong)河州，西(xi)南連(lian)普洱市(shi)，西(xi)北靠(kao)楚雄州。全(quan)市(shi)轄紅(hong)(hong)塔區(qu)、江川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、澄江市(shi)、通海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、華寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、易門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨(e)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、新平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、元江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等一(yi)區(qu)八縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，共(gong)設(she)80個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)、辦事(shi)處，657個(ge)村、居民委(wei)員會，國土面積15285萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li)。 玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)煙葉農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)為(wei)玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)市(shi)一(yi)區(qu)八縣(xian)(xian)(xian)海拔1300～1900米之間的平(ping)壩(ba)、低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶，共(gong)計68個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)，保(bao)護(hu)面積260萬(wan)畝，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)50畝連(lian)片的面積有236萬(wan)畝，年生產(chan)能力300萬(wan)擔。玉(yu)溪(xi)(xi)市(shi)是(shi)我國的優質煙葉主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高檔卷煙的主(zhu)要原(yuan)料(liao)基地(di)，也是(shi)國內最具開發價(jia)值的優質烤煙核(he)心產(chan)地(di)，被譽(yu)為(wei)“云(yun)煙之鄉(xiang)(xiang)”。

四.產品品質特性特征

1、外(wai)在感官特(te)征：1.1、鮮煙(yan)葉(xie)。株(zhu)高適(shi)中，有效葉(xie)片(pian)多(duo)，單(dan)葉(xie)較重。煙(yan)株(zhu)進(jin)入成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)后，整株(zhu)葉(xie)片(pian)由下而上(shang)逐漸(jian)為綠(lv)黃(huang)色(se)(se)或黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)，分(fen)層落黃(huang)明顯(xian)，易把握成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度和(he)便于適(shi)時(shi)采摘烘烤(kao)調制。玉溪煙(yan)葉(xie)株(zhu)高90-120cm，有效葉(xie)片(pian)因(yin)品種不同稍有差(cha)異：“紅花(hua)大金元”16-20片(pian)，“K326”18-22片(pian)。葉(xie)片(pian)大小(xiao)：下、中、上(shang)部(bu)位略有差(cha)異：一(yi)般(ban)下部(bu)葉(xie)長55-65cm，寬25-35cm，葉(xie)厚(hou)220-280μm ；中部(bu)葉(xie)長65-75cm，寬23-30cm，葉(xie)厚(hou)270-330μm ；上(shang)部(bu)葉(xie)長50-60cm，寬16-22cm，葉(xie)厚(hou)300-350μm 。1.2、烤(kao)煙(yan)。外(wai)觀質量符合GB2635中正(zheng)組煙(yan)的要求，葉(xie)片(pian)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，顏色(se)(se)金黃(huang)至桔黃(huang)，以桔黃(huang)為主(zhu)；色(se)(se)度飽(bao)和(he)，厚(hou)薄適(shi)中，富油潤(run)；葉(xie)片(pian)組織結構疏松、柔軟、彈性好。單(dan)葉(xie)重：下部(bu)葉(xie)6-8g，中部(bu)葉(xie)8-10g，上(shang)部(bu)葉(xie)7-9g。

2、內(nei)在品質：指標玉溪煙葉內(nei)含化(hua)學成份協調，總糖、還原糖比國(guo)內(nei)其它煙區高(gao)而具特色，具有清新飄(piao)逸、清甜優(you)雅(ya)、豐富飽滿、圓潤(run)細膩的(de)風格特征，刺激(ji)較小、雜氣(qi)輕、回(hui)味舒適、生津回(hui)甜，燃燒(shao)較好，與國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)產區煙葉有良好的(de)配伍性，工業可(ke)用性高(gao)，是中(zhong)式中(zhong)、高(gao)檔(dang)卷(juan)煙的(de)必(bi)備原料(liao)。

3、安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)：農(nong)藥殘留：符合《DB53/T182.2-2006 玉溪優(you)質烤煙質量要(yao)求(qiu)》的(de)規定(ding)。