芒果视频下载

麥地灣梨(li)是云南省(sheng)大理白族自治州云龍縣的(de)特(te)產(chan)(chan)。麥地灣梨(li)是“云南省(sheng)特(te)晚熟優質(zhi)梨(li)品(pin)種”，已被(bei)認證為綠色食品(pin)。麥地灣梨(li)為國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標志保護產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。

麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)耐儲(chu)藏(zang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培歷史悠久，據(ju)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載：“已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)近(jin)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷史”。因(yin)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)冬季(ji)(ji)，群眾又(you)(you)稱之(zhi)為(wei)“冬雪梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。 一、麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)來(lai)(lai) 麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)來(lai)(lai)還與知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青上(shang)山下鄉有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)，當時(shi)下關(guan)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青多(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)舊(jiu)(jiu)州區（現(xian)功果(guo)(guo)(guo)橋鎮(zhen)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瀾滄(cang)江河谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)當時(shi)生產(chan)儲(chu)藏(zang)技術水平有(you)(you)(you)限，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)到每年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2－3月份已(yi)無梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)供應，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)一人將梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)村帶(dai)(dai)到知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青點給知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青們(men)分(fen)享，知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青們(men)品(pin)嘗到汁多(duo)味甜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)后，紛紛問：“這(zhe)(zhe)是什么梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)？”這(zhe)(zhe)人也不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是什么梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，只說是從(cong)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青們(men)想吃這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候就會(hui)問：“有(you)(you)(you)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)？”。久而久之(zhi)就形成(cheng)了以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)和(he)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱謂(wei)“麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。 二、麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan) 據(ju)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)《河北林(lin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)研究》第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)13卷第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一期中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)調查”，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)， 又(you)(you)名(ming)麥莊(zhuang)(zhuang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、雪梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)， 系云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南農家品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)， 故(gu)群眾又(you)(you)稱四川(chuan)(chuan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)( 原名(ming)已(yi)無法查考) ， 系70 年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)游洪順由(you)四川(chuan)(chuan)遷(qian)居云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南省云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)舊(jiu)(jiu)州鄉麥莊(zhuang)(zhuang)村時(shi)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接穗， 接在(zai)屋角(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一株(zhu)川(chuan)(chuan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)( Py rus p ashia Buch. -Ham. ) 樹(shu)上(shang)， 成(cheng)為(wei)繁殖(zhi)傳(chuan)播(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母樹(shu)。母樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)已(yi)死(si)， 現(xian)存樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)系從(cong)距地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)(gao)約1m 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空心主(zhu)干上(shang)長(chang)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝重新形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。現(xian)母樹(shu)立地(di)(di)(di)(di)海(hai)拔1720m。樹(shu)高(gao)(gao)10m， 冠(guan)(guan)幅8m， 主(zhu)干高(gao)(gao)2m， 樹(shu)勢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)， 枝條中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密， 年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)400～500kg 。后經大(da)理州云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)農業(ye)科(ke)技工(gong)(gong)作者多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)掘、篩選(xuan)，并從(cong)其(qi)(qi)變異品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功選(xuan)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方特(te)(te)色水果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一。 三、麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展歷史 據(ju)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方志(zhi)(zhi)叢書《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)176頁第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載，有(you)(you)(you)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水井麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、漕澗(jian)黑(hei)(hei)心梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、大(da)功廠(chang)(chang)密香(xiang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)特(te)(te)品(pin)，1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)面(mian)積4543畝，總產(chan)量103.03萬公斤。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)463頁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)17行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載，優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)香(xiang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)調查：舊(jiu)(jiu)州鄉水井村麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)（又(you)(you)名(ming)麥莊(zhuang)(zhuang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）和(he)大(da)功廠(chang)(chang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)（又(you)(you)名(ming)依主(zhu)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)著稱，可保存到來(lai)(lai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春季(ji)(ji)，為(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南省少數(shu)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)香(xiang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，經過調查，鑒(jian)定和(he)推廣，至1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)，已(yi)嫁接28000株(zhu)，為(wei)開發(fa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方名(ming)特(te)(te)產(chan)品(pin)找到門(men)路。 據(ju)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)林(lin)業(ye)志(zhi)(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載了云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南省農大(da)科(ke)研處高(gao)(gao)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)程師(shi)(shi)張興旺（中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），大(da)理州經果(guo)(guo)(guo)站高(gao)(gao)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)程師(shi)(shi)汪長(chang)進(jin)（左(zuo)）考察云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照片（張昭(zhao)攝）。《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)林(lin)業(ye)志(zhi)(zhi)》第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)60頁第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)17行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載，水果(guo)(guo)(guo)類(lei)：品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甚(shen)多(duo)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)、柿、梅(mei)、柑桔等(deng)，梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、大(da)功廠(chang)(chang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、雪梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、漕澗(jian)黑(hei)(hei)心梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)大(da)黃(huang)皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、火(huo)把梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、人頭梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、麥皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、大(da)棠梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舊(jiu)(jiu)州鄉水井村所(suo)產(chan)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)黃(huang)皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)（特(te)(te)晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)）品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)最優(you)(you)(you)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量約15萬公斤。在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)71頁第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載，梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li):喬木、高(gao)(gao)10－15米，海(hai)撥2500米以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)栽(zai)培，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內16個梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)麥地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣(wan)(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)佳，其(qi)(qi)特(te)(te)點是：

①果色褐黃(huang)著紅暈，果開型(xing)扁圓端(duan)正、皮薄、果心小、肉(rou)酥脆、味密香濃甜、汁多。可溶性固形物含量為(wei)13%～17%，總糖7. 88%（已(yi)轉化為(wei)糖汁） ， 總酸(suan)0. 33%， 維生(sheng)素C 2.2mg / 100g，大果型(xing)重(zhong)400－800 克，中果型(xing)重(zhong)250－350 克，一般單(dan)株(zhu)產400－600公(gong)斤，最高單(dan)株(zhu)可達(da)1500公(gong)斤，霜降(jiang)到(dao)小雪(xue)采摘(zhai)，存放至來年陽春3月仍保持汁多濃甜酥脆不變；

②樹(shu)勢強(qiang)健，3月上旬萌動，中旬開花(hua)(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)期約20天(tian)左右，遇重(zhong)霜花(hua)(hua)(hua)亦能正常(chang)受粉(fen)，高(gao)(gao)山(shan)河(he)谷海撥1800－2650米潮濕(shi)溫涼(liang)地(di)(di)帶均宜栽(zai)(zai)培，嫁接后(hou)3年結果，10年后(hou)進(jin)入盛果期，70余年老樹(shu)仍抽新梢掛果滿枝，全(quan)樹(shu)結果均勻(yun)，木材(cai)紋理直，結構(gou)細而(er)均勻(yun)，有優(you)良器具(ju)和雕刻用(yong)材(cai)。 據1995年出(chu)(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)《云龍年鑒》第(di)93第(di)16行頁(ye)記(ji)載，〔麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)授粉(fen)試驗(yan)獲得成功〕：1992年以來，為探(tan)索云龍麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)彎梨(li)授粉(fen)結實規律，縣(xian)(xian)林(lin)業站(zhan)經濟林(lin)果專業技術人(ren)員與云南省農科院(yuan)果樹(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)所共同(tong)承擔(dan)試驗(yan)課題，并經試驗(yan)和跟蹤觀察得出(chu)(chu)結論：麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)彎梨(li)自(zi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)授粉(fen)結實率(lv)為零，碭山(shan)酥、金花(hua)(hua)(hua)、雪花(hua)(hua)(hua)、大功廠、富源黃梨(li)等梨(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)與之授粉(fen)結實率(lv)較高(gao)(gao)，主栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)與授粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配置比(bi)例(li)為5：1，縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)先期開發的(de)(de)(de)純麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)彎梨(li)園應(ying)按(an)比(bi)例(li)高(gao)(gao)頭換接上述授粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)中的(de)(de)(de)任意一(yi)種(zhong)，方(fang)能達到結實豐產(chan)目的(de)(de)(de)。第(di)338頁(ye)第(di)14行記(ji)載，〔麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)精(jing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝初(chu)見成效〕：麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)是縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)特有的(de)(de)(de)優(you)質晚熟梨(li)，具(ju)有很好的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場，2000年初(chu)，縣(xian)(xian)科委接受“麥(mai)(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌開發項目后(hou)，根據項目要(yao)求，組織人(ren)力、物力、突出(chu)(chu)攻關，年內(nei)完成包裝設計、印制(zhi)、裝合等業務。首批上市(shi)1500件，上市(shi)后(hou)受到廣(guang)大消費者普遍歡迎，市(shi)場供不應(ying)求，經濟效益(yi)顯著。

云(yun)龍(long)麥(mai)地灣梨(li)是地方優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)品種，通過(guo)多年的(de)提質(zhi)(zhi)、技術集成(cheng)，近年來已(yi)被認證為綠色食(shi)品，“云(yun)南省特晚(wan)熟優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)梨(li)品種”，經云(yun)龍(long)天池(chi)林(lin)果場(chang)的(de)示范(fan)(fan)帶(dai)動，全縣發(fa)展面積(ji)已(yi)達35000多畝，僅(jin)天池(chi)林(lin)場(chang)示范(fan)(fan)1200畝，年產梨(li)2000噸以(yi)上，2013年林(lin)場(chang)產值(zhi)可達400萬元以(yi)上，同(tong)時(shi)帶(dai)動協會發(fa)展4700畝。

2014年(nian)，云龍縣園藝工作站申報的“麥地灣梨”通過農業部農產品(pin)質量(liang)安全中心審(shen)查(cha)和(he)組(zu)織專家(jia)評審(shen)，實施國家(jia)農產品(pin)地理標志登記保護。

地域范圍

麥地灣梨產地位(wei)于云(yun)南(nan)省大理白(bai)(bai)族自治州云(yun)龍縣(xian)境內，涉(she)及諾鄧(deng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、功果橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、漕澗鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白(bai)(bai)石(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寶豐鄉(xiang)、苗尾鄉(xiang)、檢槽鄉(xiang)、長新鄉(xiang)、關坪鄉(xiang)、團結鄉(xiang)、民建鄉(xiang)共(gong)11個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，地理坐標為：東(dong)(dong)經98°52′～99°46′，北緯(wei)25°28′～26°23′之間(jian)，南(nan)北長109千米，東(dong)(dong)西寬91.8千米，種植面積6700公(gong)頃(qing)，年產量15萬噸。