芒果视频下载

一.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素(su)

關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)坐落于云貴高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)部(bu)脊狀(zhuang)斜(xie)(xie)坡(po)南側向(xiang)(xiang)廣(guang)西(xi)丘(qiu)陵傾斜(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)(xie)坡(po)地(di)(di)帶(dai)，地(di)(di)處長江水(shui)系和珠江水(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai)。立體(ti)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)和生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性明(ming)顯，以(yi)中亞熱(re)帶(dai)季風濕(shi)潤(run)(run)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，四(si)季分(fen)明(ming)，熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充足(zu)(zu)，水(shui)熱(re)同季。東(dong)北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)與(yu)鎮寧自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、六枝特區毗(pi)鄰(lin)，西(xi)南以(yi)北(bei)盤江為(wei)(wei)界和晴隆、興(xing)仁、貞豐三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相望(wang)，總面(mian)積1468平方千米(mi)。關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富，據1985年(nian)農業區劃(hua)調查，關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)擁有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)坡(po)674475畝(mu)，其中：成片草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)409815畝(mu)，占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)61%，主(zhu)要分(fen)布在新浦鄉、普(pu)利鄉、沙營鄉、頂營鄉等地(di)(di)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中一(yi)(yi)級(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)占76.3%，二級(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)占10.7%，三(san)級(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)占10.2%，四(si)級(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)占2.8%。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)產(chan)(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)82748萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，田坎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產(chan)(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)4692萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，地(di)(di)坎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產(chan)(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1387萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，加上灌木、荒林草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)可產(chan)(chan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)28561萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，理(li)論(lun)(lun)載(zai)畜(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)84113頭牛(niu)(niu)單位(wei)。另(ling)有(you)作(zuo)物秸稈產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)14820萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，飼用(yong)秸稈理(li)論(lun)(lun)載(zai)畜(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)15617頭牛(niu)(niu)單位(wei)，載(zai)畜(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)共(gong)計(ji)99730頭牛(niu)(niu)單位(wei)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富，牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)種類繁多，有(you)34科183種，主(zhu)要有(you)扭黃(huang)茅、白茅、龍須草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細柄草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、黃(huang)背草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等。關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)優異，從2000年(nian)到2007年(nian)，全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)配套實施(shi)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)大批草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)業建(jian)設項(xiang)目，實現了(le)(le)生(sheng)態建(jian)設和草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)業良性互(hu)動、協調發展的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)面(mian)積不斷(duan)擴大，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)廣(guang)泛分(fen)布于關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全境(jing)。關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)豐富的(de)(de)(de)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)養殖(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)優質(zhi)、種類繁多的(de)(de)(de)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，天然(ran)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)與(yu)人(ren)工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)結合，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)值，也(ye)使關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)牛(niu)(niu)肉具有(you)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)。關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)特點(dian)與(yu)當地(di)(di)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)環(huan)境(jing)相關(guan)(guan)，關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是云貴高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)廣(guang)西(xi)丘(qiu)陵過渡的(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)(xie)坡(po)地(di)(di)帶(dai)，海拔(ba)大多在1000～2000米(mi)之間(jian)。屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)季風濕(shi)潤(run)(run)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，常年(nian)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)1205.1～1656.8毫米(mi)，累計(ji)年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)16.2℃，年(nian)平均最高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)16.9℃，最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)15.4℃。冬無嚴(yan)寒，夏無酷(ku)暑，雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛，日照充足(zu)(zu)，終(zhong)年(nian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)潤(run)(run)，極適應(ying)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長繁殖(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)。關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)區位(wei)優越，已(yi)形成以(yi)高(gao)(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)、高(gao)(gao)等級(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)為(wei)(wei)骨架，國道、省(sheng)道和縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鄉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)為(wei)(wei)枝干(gan)，通(tong)(tong)村公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)為(wei)(wei)網(wang)葉的(de)(de)(de)四(si)通(tong)(tong)八達的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)網(wang)絡體(ti)系。是貴州通(tong)(tong)往廣(guang)西(xi)、云南的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)樞紐，黔中經濟區的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)部(bu)門戶和貴州西(xi)南部(bu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)物流(liu)人(ren)流(liu)集(ji)散地(di)(di)。關(guan)(guan)嶺(ling)(ling)是貴州省(sheng)實施(shi)“西(xi)電東(dong)送”的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要能源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)(di)之一(yi)(yi)，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)有(you)裝機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)104萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)光照電站、84萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)董箐電站和裝機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)48萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)馬馬崖電站，并與(yu)國家電網(wang)并網(wang)，對畜(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)加工、保(bao)鮮可提(ti)(ti)供(gong)可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證。

二.地域范圍

關嶺牛農產品(pin)地理(li)標志地域保護(hu)范圍包括關嶺布依族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治縣行政區域的13個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)（街道辦(ban)事處），即(ji)關索街道辦(ban)事處、頂云街道辦(ban)事處、花江鎮(zhen)、永寧鎮(zhen)、崗烏鎮(zhen)、上關鎮(zhen)、斷(duan)橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)、坡貢鎮(zhen)、沙營鎮(zhen)、新浦鎮(zhen)、八德(de)鄉(xiang)、板貴(gui)鄉(xiang)和普(pu)利鄉(xiang)。地理(li)坐(zuo)標為：北緯25°33′38"至25°55′32"，東經(jing)105°22′50"至105°45′22"。養殖規模(mo)20萬(wan)頭，年產量2.5萬(wan)噸。

三.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外(wai)(wai)在感(gan)官(guan)特(te)征(zheng)：“關(guan)嶺(ling)牛(niu)”外(wai)(wai)貌特(te)征(zheng)：毛色(se)(se)(se)以黃色(se)(se)(se)居多，深黃有(you)(you)近于紅毛者，淺黃中最(zui)淡者為草(cao)黃；次為褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)與黑色(se)(se)(se)。頭中等(deng)大小，額寬平，鼻鏡寬大，口方平齊，峰型(xing)(xing)分為高峰型(xing)(xing)和肉峰型(xing)(xing)，一般胸較(jiao)深而略顯窄，背腰平直(zhi)(zhi)，薦部(bu)較(jiao)寬，尻部(bu)多傾斜。四肢肌(ji)腱明顯，系部(bu)強壯，蹄質堅實，前(qian)肢正直(zhi)(zhi)，后肢略呈(cheng)外(wai)(wai)弧。“關(guan)嶺(ling)牛(niu)”牛(niu)肉感(gan)官(guan)特(te)征(zheng)：①色(se)(se)(se)澤：肌(ji)肉呈(cheng)均勻的(de)紅色(se)(se)(se)，具有(you)(you)光澤，脂肪呈(cheng)潔白色(se)(se)(se)或乳黃色(se)(se)(se)；②氣(qi)味(wei)：具有(you)(you)鮮牛(niu)肉的(de)特(te)有(you)(you)正常(chang)氣(qi)味(wei)；③粘(zhan)度：表(biao)面微干或有(you)(you)風干膜，觸(chu)摸時不黏手；④彈性：指壓(ya)后的(de)凹陷(xian)能立即恢復。

2、內在品質(zhi)指標：關(guan)嶺牛肉質(zhi)解凍(dong)失(shi)水率為(wei)(wei)5.0～7.5%，揮發性鹽基(ji)氮為(wei)(wei)6.0～8.0mg/100g，脂(zhi)肪為(wei)(wei)3.0～10.0g/100g，水分(fen)為(wei)(wei)72.0～80.0g/100g，pH值為(wei)(wei)5.2～6.8，總氨基(ji)酸(suan)為(wei)(wei)15.50～24.50g/100g。

3、關嶺(ling)牛(niu)養殖嚴格按無公害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)養殖規范和標準(zhun)生(sheng)產(chan)。產(chan)品(pin)安全質量(liang)應符合《關嶺(ling)牛(niu)生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規程規程(草(cao)案)》、《關嶺(ling)牛(niu)屠宰操(cao)作(zuo)規程(草(cao)案)》、《關嶺(ling)牛(niu)養殖加工技術(shu)規范(草(cao)案)》。

四.特定生產方式

1、關嶺牛(niu)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li)(li)：入(ru)舍期(qi)(qi)(qi)：牛(niu)進(jin)入(ru)圈后(hou)間(jian)隔一(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)開始驅(qu)蟲(chong)，初(chu)次與第(di)二(er)次要(yao)(yao)間(jian)隔四天(tian)(tian)，兩次可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)(yong)驅(qu)蟲(chong)凈(jing)去清(qing)。 牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)期(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)管(guan)理(li)(li)：小(xiao)牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)自然(ran)哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)法，牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)通常為(wei)(wei)6個(ge)月，這個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)供給的(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)主要(yao)(yao)是依(yi)靠母(mu)(mu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)，所(suo)以得給哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)增加(jia)營養(yang)，哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)以干(gan)草(cao)為(wei)(wei)主，精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)輔(fu)，精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)2分(fen)玉(yu)米面和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)份(fen)麩皮(pi)。精(jing)(jing)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)最高(gao)不超過2公斤(jin)，將精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)均(jun)勻撒在干(gan)草(cao)上(shang)，然(ran)后(hou)攪拌均(jun)勻，哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)每天(tian)(tian)要(yao)(yao)消耗60公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen)，飲水(shui)要(yao)(yao)調(diao)(diao)成(cheng)36—38攝氏(shi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)溫水(shui)，并(bing)在水(shui)中家麩皮(pi)1至1.6公斤(jin)，食鹽2至3兩，調(diao)(diao)成(cheng)稀粥狀(zhuang)讓其食用(yong)(yong)，因為(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)有趴臥的(de)(de)(de)習慣，所(suo)以乳(ru)(ru)(ru)房(fang)往往接(jie)觸地(di)面而變臟(zang)，在整個(ge)哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，每天(tian)(tian)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)擦拭母(mu)(mu)牛(niu)的(de)(de)(de)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)房(fang)，保持清(qing)潔。牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)牛(niu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)：小(xiao)牛(niu)出(chu)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)月后(hou)，單(dan)靠母(mu)(mu)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)喂養(yang)已經不能滿(man)足它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，必(bi)須及(ji)時(shi)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)，可(ke)(ke)以吃一(yi)(yi)(yi)些干(gan)草(cao)和(he)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)混合物(wu)，保證充足的(de)(de)(de)飲水(shui)，牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)長(chang)到(dao)60天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，開始加(jia)喂青(qing)貯飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)。犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)牛(niu)從出(chu)生(sheng)后(hou)8至10日起，給犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)牛(niu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)們，讓其可(ke)(ke)以自由運(yun)動(dong)，根據犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)牛(niu)出(chu)生(sheng)季節選擇適宜的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)場地(di)。育肥期(qi)(qi)(qi)：每天(tian)(tian)每頭牛(niu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)草(cao)4—6kg，精(jing)(jing)細料(liao)(liao)2.5—4kg，后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)每天(tian)(tian)需(xu)草(cao)6—7.5kg，精(jing)(jing)細料(liao)(liao)4—5kg，青(qing)草(cao)加(jia)量(liang)30%。疾(ji)病(bing)防疫(yi)：痢(li)(li)疾(ji)是小(xiao)牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)最容易(yi)(yi)得的(de)(de)(de)疾(ji)病(bing)，犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)牛(niu)出(chu)生(sheng)后(hou)，由于哺乳(ru)(ru)(ru)不衛(wei)生(sheng)，舔食污染，喝臟(zang)水(shui)，受(shou)冷(leng)涼等，非常容易(yi)(yi)感染大腸桿菌或沙門氏(shi)桿菌等，可(ke)(ke)引(yin)起伴(ban)有敗血病(bing)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)腸炎及(ji)下痢(li)(li)，在牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1個(ge)月的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，打一(yi)(yi)(yi)針(zhen)痢(li)(li)疾(ji)疫(yi)苗(miao)(miao)是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)，止痢(li)(li)疾(ji)要(yao)(yao)從正(zheng)規的(de)(de)(de)獸醫(yi)購買，按照說明書的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)來進(jin)行(xing)注射。口蹄(ti)疫(yi)是由口蹄(ti)疫(yi)病(bing)毒感染引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)偶蹄(ti)動(dong)物(wu)共患的(de)(de)(de)急性、熱性、接(jie)觸性傳染病(bing)，患口蹄(ti)疫(yi)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現發(fa)熱、跛行(xing)和(he)在皮(pi)膚(fu)與皮(pi)膚(fu)黏(nian)膜上(shang)出(chu)現泡狀(zhuang)斑疹等癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)，惡性口蹄(ti)疫(yi)還會(hui)(hui)導致畜心臟(zang)麻痹并(bing)迅速死亡(wang)，牛(niu)犢(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)出(chu)生(sheng)8個(ge)月后(hou)，要(yao)(yao)注射一(yi)(yi)(yi)針(zhen)口蹄(ti)疫(yi)疫(yi)苗(miao)(miao)，參照說明書操作(zuo)。

五.包裝標識相關(guan)規(gui)定

本規定地(di)域范圍內的關嶺(ling)牛農產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe)，在產(chan)品(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上(shang)使用(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志，須向關嶺(ling)布依族苗族自治縣草地(di)畜牧業發(fa)展中(zhong)心提出申請，按照相關要求(qiu)規范養殖和使用(yong)標(biao)志，統一采用(yong)關嶺(ling)牛產(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)和農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志公共標(biao)識相結合的標(biao)識標(biao)注方法。