盤縣(xian)(xian)核桃,貴(gui)州省盤縣(xian)(xian)特產,中國地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)(農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi))。盤縣(xian)(xian)地(di)處云貴(gui)高原中部(bu)過渡地(di)帶(dai),是珠(zhu)江水系南(nan)北盤江支流的分(fen)水嶺,山高谷深,立體氣(qi)候明(ming)顯,有“一山分(fen)四季,十里不同天”的說法(fa),屬(shu)亞熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)候區,冬無嚴寒(han),夏無酷(ku)暑,雨、熱基本(ben)同季,適宜核桃生產。該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)生產的核桃具有殼薄、仁飽滿(man)、容易取仁、味香純等優點。其加(jia)工產品(pin)遠銷沿海的廣東、上海、大連等地(di)。
盤(pan)縣(xian)(xian)核桃農產品地理標志(zhi)地域保護范圍包括盤(pan)縣(xian)(xian)紅果(guo)(guo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、火鋪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、平(ping)(ping)關鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、樂民鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、響(xiang)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、忠義鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、保田(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、普田(tian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新民鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民主鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、珠東鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、老廠(chang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、瑪依鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水塘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、板橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、城(cheng)關鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)沖鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、劉關鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、兩河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、盤(pan)江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、斷江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、柏(bo)果(guo)(guo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、灑基鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、坪(ping)地鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、四格鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、松河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、普古鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雞場(chang)坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滑石鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、羊場(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、舊營(ying)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、四格鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、英(ying)武(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬場(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、淤泥河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等37個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。北(bei)緯25°19′36"~26°17′36",東經104°17′46"~104°57′46"之間。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)東鄰(lin)普安(an),南接興義,西(xi)連云南省富源、宣威,北(bei)鄰(lin)水城(cheng)。全(quan)境南北(bei)長107公里(li)(li),東西(xi)寬66公里(li)(li),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)4056平(ping)(ping)公里(li)(li)。保護面(mian)積(ji)1·4萬公頃(qing),年產量3000噸。
產品品質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
(1)外在(zai)感官(guan)特征(zheng):盤縣核桃個(ge)型勻稱,平均(jun)(jun)橫徑(jing)35mm,平均(jun)(jun)果重48g,最(zui)大(da)單果重86g,殼薄(bo),殼厚1-1.5cm,手捏即破,果仁飽滿,出(chu)仁率高(達65—72%),仁色(se)淺,澀味,風味香。
(2)內(nei)在品質指(zhi)標:根據貴州省農產品質量安(an)全(quan)檢測(ce)中心分析,盤縣核桃營養豐富,粗脂肪60.2%左右(you),蛋白質8.5%左右(you),碳水(shui)化合物8%以上(shang),富含多種氨(an)(an)基酸及(ji)維生素,其(qi)中谷氨(an)(an)酸1.3,丙(bing)氨(an)(an)酸0.7,賴氨(an)(an)酸0.8,亮氨(an)(an)酸1.0。
(3)盤縣核(he)桃生(sheng)(sheng)產嚴格按(an)無(wu)公害農產品生(sheng)(sheng)產規(gui)范和(he)相關標準生(sheng)(sheng)產。
特定生產方式
盤縣核(he)(he)桃(tao)為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)核(he)(he)桃(tao)(J.regia L.),品種(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)包括云新14號核(he)(he)桃(tao),大泡核(he)(he)桃(tao),香玲核(he)(he)桃(tao)。種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)培過(guo)程中(zhong)。在(zai)整(zheng)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)主要(yao)(yao)采用陽坡(po)地(di)(di)密植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)和陰坡(po)地(di)(di)散(san)(san)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)結合,密種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)2×3米或2×4米,散(san)(san)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)5×6或7×8米。一般整(zheng)地(di)(di)規格為(wei)(wei)80×80×80cm,定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴挖好(hao)以后,將表土和土糞混合填入(ru)坑(keng)底。下層(ceng)土和速效(xiao)肥放于(yu)坑(keng)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)部(bu)。在(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)采用優質苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木,基(ji)本(ben)要(yao)(yao)求為(wei)(wei)品種(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng),主根(gen)(gen)及側根(gen)(gen)完整(zheng),無病(bing)蟲害,抗(kang)逆性強,2--3年生壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)一米以上(shang),干徑不小(xiao)于(yu)一厘米,須根(gen)(gen)較多,保證成活(huo)和健壯(zhuang)生長。在(zai)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),要(yao)(yao)求核(he)(he)桃(tao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)以前(qian),應(ying)將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木的(de)傷根(gen)(gen)及爛根(gen)(gen)剪(jian)除,然后放在(zai)水中(zhong)浸泡半天,或用泥漿蘸根(gen)(gen),使根(gen)(gen)系(xi)吸(xi)足水分,以利(li)成活(huo)。然后在(zai)整(zheng)好(hao)的(de)坑(keng)中(zhong)部(bu)打(da)窩定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),窩的(de)大小(xiao)視栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)而定(ding)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時要(yao)(yao)做到苗(miao)(miao)(miao)正(zheng)、舒展(zhan)根(gen)(gen)系(xi),分層(ceng)填土踏(ta)實(shi),使根(gen)(gen)系(xi)分布均勻,培土到與(yu)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)相平,全面(mian)(mian)踏(ta)實(shi)后,打(da)出樹盤,充分灌水,待水滲后用細土封蓋(gai),高(gao)出地(di)(di)平面(mian)(mian)約20cm。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度可略(lve)超(chao)過(guo)原苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木深(shen)度,但嫁接(jie)口必(bi)須露在(zai)外面(mian)(mian),栽(zai)后七天再灌水一次。管(guan)理以基(ji)肥為(wei)(wei)主,追肥為(wei)(wei)輔(fu)。9月上(shang)旬到10月中(zhong)旬采收(shou),分期采收(shou),成熟一批(pi)(pi)采收(shou)一批(pi)(pi),每批(pi)(pi)核(he)(he)桃(tao)建立(li)相應(ying)管(guan)理記(ji)錄。
包裝標識(shi)相(xiang)關規定
本規定地域范圍內的盤縣核桃農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe),在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包裝上使用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi),須向盤縣康(kang)之源核桃種植農(nong)(nong)民專業(ye)合作社提出申(shen)請,按(an)照相關(guan)要求規范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)志(zhi),統一(yi)采用(yong)盤縣核桃產(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)識相結合的標(biao)識標(biao)注方法。
生產情況
種植情況
盤(pan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內分(fen)布(bu)著許(xu)多(duo)原生的優質核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)質資源,如串核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、薄(bo)殼核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、露(lu)仁(ren)核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、烏米核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)等(deng),這些品種(zhong)(zhong)都具有(you)殼薄(bo)、仁(ren)飽(bao)滿、容易取仁(ren)、味香純等(deng)優點。20世紀(ji)90年(nian)代,盤(pan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府提出了“六個十萬(wan)畝(mu)”農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)化建設項目,其(qi)重(zhong)點是發展3333h㎡核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),品種(zhong)(zhong)以云(yun)南泡核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)為主(zhu),但由于管(guan)理不善,存活率較(jiao)低,導致部分(fen)核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹損毀,僅存約(yue)1600h㎡。21世紀(ji)初(chu),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府高度重(zhong)視農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)建設,整合(he)農業(ye)、扶(fu)貧項目等(deng)資金發展核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)業(ye),2008-2009年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)2100h㎡,主(zhu)要品種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)泡核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)和云(yun)新系(xi)列品種(zhong)(zhong)。2010年(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積4120h㎡,其(qi)中成年(nian)掛果核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)2100h㎡,年(nian)產(chan)核(he)(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)1336t(平(ping)均單(dan)產(chan)636kg/h㎡)。
加工銷售
盤(pan)縣境內的(de)貴州信友公司(si)核桃乳廠(chang)于1998年(nian)(nian)建成投產(chan)(chan),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)10萬t核桃乳生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線,2010年(nian)(nian)已完成技改擴建,該產(chan)(chan)品除了(le)銷(xiao)往周邊(bian)省(sheng)市及地(di)區外,還遠銷(xiao)沿(yan)海的(de)廣東(dong)、上海、大(da)連等地(di)。
政策支持
2010年(nian)9月貴州省扶貧開(kai)發(fa)領導辦(ban)公(gong)室編制的(de)《貴州省2010~2015年(nian)核(he)桃產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化扶貧建(jian)設規劃(hua)》,將盤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)核(he)桃重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)地(di)區之(zhi)一(yi)。2011年(nian)盤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府出臺(tai)了《關于(yu)加快農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)意(yi)見》,將核(he)桃產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作為(wei)(wei)“盤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)八大重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”來抓,核(he)桃產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)被正式(shi)確(que)立為(wei)(wei)盤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)經濟(ji)建(jian)設的(de)主(zhu)導產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)一(yi),對全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)核(he)桃產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行統一(yi)規劃(hua),形成一(yi)個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉、村三級聯動模(mo)式(shi),并依托全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)優質(zhi)核(he)桃資(zi)源品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育和優質(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)引種(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣,推(tui)動了核(he)桃產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更快、更好的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。