簡介
小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)分兩(liang)大類群:小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)烏(wu)骨雞(ji)(ji)、小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)白(bai)肉雞(ji)(ji),四大品系:黃麻(ma)羽(yu)、黑麻(ma)羽(yu)、灰麻(ma)羽(yu)、白(bai)羽(yu)(母雞(ji)(ji)的毛色),公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)是“大紅公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)”,母雞(ji)(ji)120天左右開始產蛋(dan),年產蛋(dan)量(liang)90-100枚,初產蛋(dan)重30克(ke),平均(jun)蛋(dan)重38-40克(ke)。雞(ji)(ji)蛋(dan)營(ying)養價值高。
黔東南小(xiao)香雞是貴州地方優良品種(zhong)資(zi)源,2006年被(bei)列(lie)為(wei)國家品種(zhong)資(zi)源平(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)。
特點
主要營養成分
小香雞 普通(tong)雞
蛋白質(zhi)25.3 18.5%
脂肪 0.71% 9.6%
氨基酸(占蛋白(bai)質含量)74.32%
1.蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質主要由氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)組(zu)成(cheng),小香雞氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)含量占蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質的(de)(de)74.32%,小香雞的(de)(de)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)有44.8%是人(ren)(ren)體所必需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(人(ren)(ren)體自身(shen)不(bu)能合成(cheng),需(xu)(xu)從外界食(shi)物攝取的(de)(de)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)稱必需(xu)(xu)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan),共有八種(zhong))。
2.小香雞(ji)所含蛋白質屬完全蛋白,易被人體(ti)消(xiao)化、吸收(shou)。
3.小香雞(ji)(ji)的(de)氨(an)基酸中,含量最(zui)高的(de)是谷氨(an)酸,占雞(ji)(ji)體的(de)11.4%,是純天然(ran)的(de)“味精(jing)”(味精(jing)的(de)主要成分是:谷氨(an)酸鈉,多為(wei)人工合(he)成物(wu),多吃對人體有害。),所以煲湯時(shi)不(bu)用加味精(jing)了!
4.小香雞含有豐(feng)富的磷脂(zhi)類(lei)物質(zhi),對人體生長發育有重要作(zuo)用(yong)。
5.小(xiao)香雞(ji)含有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)香氣成份(fen),是其(qi)他雞(ji)沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)。這就是我們的(de)(de)秘密(mi),就象“茅(mao)(mao)臺(tai)酒”一(yi)樣,離開茅(mao)(mao)臺(tai)鎮就只能叫(jiao)“珍酒”了。(小(xiao)香雞(ji)也(ye)一(yi)樣,離不開榕江的(de)(de)天、榕江的(de)(de)地、榕江的(de)(de)水。)
生活習性
品種及(ji)其(qi)原產(chan)地(di)概(gai)況黔(qian)東南小(xiao)香(xiang)雞,具有形(xing)(xing)體小(xiao)、生活力強、肉香(xiang)等(deng)三大優良特(te)征,原產(chan)地(di)為(wei)貴(gui)州省東南部的從江、榕(rong)江及(ji)黎平等(deng)縣。該區(qu)域為(wei)少(shao)(shao)數民族聚集地(di),交通閉塞(sai),耕(geng)地(di)稀(xi)少(shao)(shao)貧瘠,糧食(shi)與飼(si)(si)料匱乏。小(xiao)香(xiang)雞歷來以放牧式飼(si)(si)養,以昆(kun)蟲、草籽、果實或掉落(luo)田間的谷物等(deng)為(wei)食(shi),早晚補(bu)飼(si)(si)少(shao)(shao)量玉米、小(xiao)麥等(deng)原糧。雞舍簡陋,甚至無圈(quan)舍,晚間在豬牛欄內(nei)棲息(xi)。在上述自然、人文條件下,經原居民不(bu)斷培育而(er)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)小(xiao)體形(xing)(xing)、耐粗飼(si)(si)、適應性強等(deng)種質特(te)性。
體型外貌
雞(ji)的體(ti)型(xing)(xing)小(xiao),結(jie)實緊(jin)湊,結(jie)構(gou)勻稱。羽毛緊(jin)密,公雞(ji)項羽金紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)金黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),尾(wei)羽墨綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),主翼(yi)羽黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),鞍羽紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),背羽紅(hong)(hong)黑(hei)(hei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)紅(hong)(hong)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),腹羽黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)、少(shao)(shao)量紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);母雞(ji)項羽黃(huang)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)(huo)(huo)黑(hei)(hei)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)(huo)(huo)淺麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)(huo)(huo)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),尾(wei)羽和主翼(yi)羽黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)黑(hei)(hei)灰(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),鞍羽、背羽、腹羽黃(huang)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)(huo)(huo)褐麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)(huo)(huo)灰(hui)(hui)麻(ma)(ma)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。頭(tou)較小(xiao),多平頭(tou),少(shao)(shao)鳳頭(tou),單冠或(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)(shao)量玫瑰(gui)冠,冠齒(chi)數為(wei)6~9齒(chi),少(shao)(shao)量有胡須(xu),虹彩為(wei)橘(ju)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)橘(ju)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),喙黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。脛(jing)黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),爪灰(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),多無距毛,有13% ~15% 的褲(ku)腳雞(ji),肉(rou)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)為(wei)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)烏黑(hei)(hei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)灰(hui)(hui)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。雞(ji)群(qun)中有15%左右為(wei)小(xiao)香(xiang)烏骨雞(ji),毛色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)與香(xiang)雞(ji)群(qun)體(ti)相同,其(qi)特(te)征(zheng)分為(wei)烏皮(pi)(pi)、烏肉(rou)、烏骨型(xing)(xing),烏皮(pi)(pi)、烏肉(rou)、白(bai)骨型(xing)(xing)和烏皮(pi)(pi)、白(bai)肉(rou)、白(bai)骨。(腳細、短、雞(ji)指甲(jia)像猛(meng)禽一(yi)樣向下(xia)彎曲)
體尺體重
公雞(1年以上) 母雞(1年以上)
體重 (1377±264)g (1165±250.7)g
體斜長(chang) (16.21±2.86)cm (16.21±2.3)cm
胸寬 (6.42±0.81)cm (6.22±0.51)cm
胸深(shen) (8.69±1.48)cm (8.31±1.05)cm
龍骨長 (10.76±1.61)cm (9.99±0.98)cm
骨盆寬 (7.11±0.95)cm (6.78±1.21)cm
頸(jing)長 (8.85±0.92)cm (7.11±0.7)cm
頸圍 (3.87±0.46)cm (3.3±0.27)cm
生長速度
30日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)重92.96g;60日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)重,公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)160.98g,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)129.37g;90日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)重,公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)470.40g,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)326.34g;120日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)重,公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)497.63g,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)496.84g;150日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)重,公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)695.90g,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)576.73g;180日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)重,公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)887.66g,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)819.08g;1周歲體(ti)(ti)重,公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1367.79g,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1252g。
產蛋性能
在公司規范(fan)管理養殖的飼養條件(jian)下,成年母雞(ji)平(ping)均(jun)年產蛋(dan)90-100枚,枚蛋(dan)重(42.6±7.1)g。蛋(dan)形(xing)橢圓,蛋(dan)橫徑(3.71±2.3)cm,縱徑(4.98±2.3)cm,蛋(dan)形(xing)指數(shu)1.35。蛋(dan)殼呈(cheng)淺(qian)褐色或白色,蛋(dan)殼厚(hou)度(0.5±0.1)mm,蛋(dan)黃金黃色。
繁殖性能
小香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)公雞(ji)(ji)開啼月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)3月(yue)齡(ling)(ling),初配月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)5月(yue)齡(ling)(ling),母雞(ji)(ji)開產月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)6月(yue)齡(ling)(ling),公母比(bi)例為(wei)1:(12~l5)。母雞(ji)(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)性強,每年就(jiu)(jiu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)5次(ci)左右,每次(ci)就(jiu)(jiu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)持續30~40d。該雞(ji)(ji)產區的群(qun)眾習慣(guan)于自然孵化(hua),多選用春秋兩季進行孵化(hua)繁殖,每窩孵蛋(dan)20枚左右,種(zhong)蛋(dan)受(shou)精(jing)率(lv)95% ,受(shou)精(jing)蛋(dan)孵化(hua)率(lv)92%。育雛期存活(huo)率(lv)90% ,育成(cheng)期成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)95% 。
產肉性能
據測定,150日齡母雞活(huo)(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(943.5±104.98)g,屠(tu)(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(843.5±101.98)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(672.5±72.08)g,全凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(609±68.67)g,腿(tui)(tui)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(124.75±21.37)g,胸(xiong)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(119.12±14.65)g,腹脂重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(24.6±9.05)g;150日齡公雞活(huo)(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1052.22±145.84)g,屠(tu)(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(946.11±115.56)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(823.33±110.06)g,全凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(673.89±88.27)g,腹脂重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(20.64±5.63)g,腿(tui)(tui)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(150.91±27.27)g,胸(xiong)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(136.10±25.58)g。成年公雞活(huo)(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1413.13±250.98)g,屠(tu)(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1225±194.96)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1093.75±187.01)g,全凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(.81±174.49)g,腿(tui)(tui)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(216.63±56.51)g,胸(xiong)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(149.38±31.51)g;成年母雞活(huo)(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1052.22±145.84)g,屠(tu)(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(946.11±115.56)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(823.33±110.06)g,全凈(jing)(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(673.89±88.27)g,腹脂重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(20.64±5.63)g,腿(tui)(tui)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(150.91±27.27)g,胸(xiong)肌重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(136.10±25.58)g。
養殖環境
高(gao)(gao)貴(gui)的雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),高(gao)(gao)營養(yang)(yang)的雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),當(dang)(dang)(dang)然(ran)要在環境優美的地(di)方進行養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi),讓雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)分運動,自己覓食(shi),香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)當(dang)(dang)(dang)然(ran)得(de)到良(liang)好的成長,自然(ran)少生(sheng)(sheng)病,自然(ran)少用藥,小香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)活的地(di)方是貴(gui)州榕江農(nong)村的山(shan)上,林地(di),依(yi)山(shan)而建,依(yi)水而生(sheng)(sheng)。有研究表明(ming),在籠養(yang)(yang)條件(jian)下,26周齡時公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)均(jun)活重為1.77 kg,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1.25 kg,屠宰(zai)率和腹脂率比在農(nong)村散養(yang)(yang)下有所增加,說明(ming)適當(dang)(dang)(dang)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)營養(yang)(yang)水平(ping)可以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)小香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的體重及其他(ta)相關(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)長性能。
功效與食法
(1)抗衰老、抑(yi)制癌細胞生長(chang):清除體(ti)內自由(you)基、抑(yi)制過氧(yang)化脂質形(xing)成。
(2)調(diao)治婦科疾病:富含大(da)量鐵元(yuan)素,滋陰(yin)補(bu)血,健脾固(gu)沖,月經(jing)不調(diao),缺鐵性貧血等。《本草綱目(mu)》記載:烏(wu)雞益產婦諸(zhu)癥。
(3)養身防病:優質(zhi)蛋(dan)白,多種(zhong)維生(sheng)素(su),硒、鐵、銅、錳等微量元素(su),膽(dan)固醇極低,屬高(gao)蛋(dan)白、低脂肪的(de)滋補佳品。
(4)小香烏雞還含有DHA(不(bu)飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)二(er)十二(er)碳六烯(xi)酸(suan))、EPA(不(bu)飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)二(er)十碳五烯(xi)酸(suan)(腦白(bai)金(jin)主要成(cheng)分)),對促進兒童智力發育(yu)、預防老年癡呆、腦血栓、心(xin)肌(ji)梗塞等(deng)有食療功(gong)效(xiao)。
(5)調節生理機能,提高免疫力。
食法
(1)小香(xiang)雞富(fu)含維生(sheng)素(su)E,與富(fu)含B族(zu)維生(sheng)素(su)的食物搭(da)配,可增強體力。如:“鮮奶+銀耳+百(bai)合+香(xiang)雞”湯(tang)。
(2)小(xiao)香雞連(lian)骨熬湯(tang),溢補。
(3)沙(sha)鍋文火慢(man)燉為最佳。
宜(yi):少年兒童,中老年人,產(chan)婦、貧血、體弱者;糖(tang)尿病患者可以吃。
忌:嚴重皮膚(fu)病患(huan)者。
產業發展
貴(gui)州省(sheng)科研機構農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部門從(cong)80年(nian)(nian)代初對小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)選育貴(gui)州榕(rong)江山(shan)農(nong)(nong)發(fa)展公(gong)司(si)(si)在2004年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始對小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步選育和(he)開(kai)發(fa)。經過(guo)十年(nian)(nian)的發(fa)展,現已和(he)政(zheng)府達成合(he)作(zuo)項目(mu),將小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)做為榕(rong)江農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展重點(dian)項目(mu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)發(fa)展,榕(rong)江縣種雞(ji)(ji)(ji)場是小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye),近年(nian)(nian)來(lai),按照“公(gong)司(si)(si)+農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)+基地(di)”的定單農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi),帶動農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)綠色、有機生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),在各鄉鎮建立合(he)作(zuo)社,公(gong)司(si)(si)擁有專職人員負責對農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)培訓,管控(kong),已保證小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的健康、生(sheng)態的培育。為地(di)區經濟做出極大貢獻。
作為(wei)貴州特(te)色產業,中央電視臺分別(bie)在2012年和2013年先后2次在《每(mei)日(ri)農經(jing)》和《農廣天地》2個節目進行推廣。
黔東南小(xiao)香(xiang)雞于1985年人編《貴(gui)州省畜禽品(pin)種志》。