一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位于舉世聞名(ming)的(de)“八(ba)百(bai)里河套(tao)(tao)米糧川(chuan)”的(de)河套(tao)(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),有2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)悠久(jiu)歷史(shi)和積(ji)淀深厚的(de)文化,漢武帝(di)時期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)郡而(er)(er)得名(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)正式建(jian)縣(xian)(xian)至今(jin)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)有蒙(meng)恬北筑長城(cheng)、衛青抗擊匈(xiong)奴、詩人(ren)(ren)李白“迢迢五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂(luan)邊(bian)花”的(de)名(ming)句,張敬忠(zhong)的(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色歸(gui)來遲,二月垂(chui)楊未掛(gua)絲”的(de)詠誦(song)。近(jin)代(dai)史(shi)上,被當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)老百(bai)姓稱為(wei)“人(ren)(ren)間河神”的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方紳士王同春(chun)修渠治水,墾荒置田,首(shou)開河套(tao)(tao)大(da)規模發展農(nong)業(ye)的(de)先河,使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)成為(wei)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)肥沃、氣候宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)、水渠縱橫、旱澇保收的(de)“塞外江南”。現代(dai)史(shi)上,有馮玉(yu)祥將軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)誓師(shi)、傅(fu)作義(yi)將軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)遐(xia)邇。據(ju)《內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)農(nong)作物志(zhi).農(nong)業(ye)志(zhi)》記載(zai),我(wo)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)新石器時代(dai)已(yi)有麥(mai)(mai)(mai)類作物的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,1940年(nian)(nian),綏西農(nong)業(ye)改進所從四川(chuan)引進一批小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,在(zai)巴彥淖爾盟(meng)各旗縣(xian)(xian)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)平均單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)為(wei)750公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃,1949年(nian)(nian),河套(tao)(tao)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)占全區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)90%,到了70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期,小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)有了大(da)幅提高(gao),達到了6067公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)糧基地(di)(di)(di)之一,也是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)和內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)綠(lv)色農(nong)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。1983年(nian)(nian),內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民政府(fu)作出(chu)決定,把包(bao)括五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)內(nei)的(de)15個(ge)旗縣(xian)(xian)有計劃、有步驟(zou)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設成為(wei)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)糧基地(di)(di)(di),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最多在(zai)60萬(wan)畝(mu),現因比較效益較低,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)有所減少,2013年(nian)(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)24.7萬(wan)畝(mu)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)現在(zai)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)的(de)主栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)永良4號(hao),是(shi)(shi)1984年(nian)(nian)寧夏永寧縣(xian)(xian)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場職工(gong)天津(jin)下鄉知青邱志(zhi)新培育成功(gong)。該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植已(yi)將近(jin)30年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi),因我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)具有光能豐富、日(ri)照充足、晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫差(cha)大(da)、降雨量少而(er)(er)集中的(de)氣候特點,主要耕作土(tu)壤(rang)是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)壤(rang)質灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕作性(xing)好,含(han)鉀量高(gao),生產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)籽粒飽(bao)滿,容重(zhong)高(gao),蛋(dan)白質含(han)量高(gao),面(mian)(mian)筋值(zhi)高(gao),加工(gong)成的(de)面(mian)(mian)粉適應面(mian)(mian)廣,做出(chu)的(de)餃子、面(mian)(mian)條色澤好,透亮,食用品(pin)(pin)(pin)質好,筋道,滑爽,粘(zhan)彈性(xing)好。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:巴彥淖爾市地形地貌簡稱“一(yi)山(shan)兩原”。以(yi)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界大(da)體可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三大(da)區域(yu):陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)以(yi)北(bei)是(shi)以(yi)荒漠(mo)(mo)半(ban)荒漠(mo)(mo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)烏(wu)拉(la)特草(cao)原,中部為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)山(shan)地,陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)南(nan)麓(lu)至(zhi)黃河北(bei)岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)河套(tao)平原,五原縣就處(chu)于河套(tao)平原內,土(tu)(tu)壤類型主(zhu)要(yao)有灌淤土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和(he)新積土(tu)(tu)。灌區的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)壤是(shi)灌淤土(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)層為(wei)(wei)(wei)壤質灌淤層,耕(geng)作性好,含鉀(jia)量高,對糖和(he)淀粉的(de)積累非(fei)常有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:五原縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充沛,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經河(he)套平原345公里(li),年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)總量(liang)315億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)達(da)18億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。河(he)套灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)由(you)黃河(he)三盛(sheng)公水(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai),每(mei)年(nian)引水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),是亞洲最大的(de)一(yi)(yi)首制自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu),也是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)三大灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。黃河(he)來(lai)水(shui)(shui)是最大的(de)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)年(nian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)336.5億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)有5大干渠(qu),9條分干渠(qu),135條農(nong)渠(qu),密如蛛網的(de)毛(mao)渠(qu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)著(zhu)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)地(di),每(mei)年(nian)引水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉積層中,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)埋深0.5~3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間(jian),含(han)水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),礦化度低(di)于3克/升。充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為(wei)五原小麥提(ti)供了良好的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)條件(jian),而且水(shui)(shui)量(liang)充沛,無工業污染。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)屬(shu)(shu)中溫(wen)帶大陸性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),平均海拔高度1102.7米(mi),具有(you)光能豐富、日(ri)照充足、晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)大、降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)少而集中的特點。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)7.0℃,平均風速2.6米(mi)/秒,東北風向較多(duo)。全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)(shu)3192.5小時,平均日(ri)照百分率72%,太陽(yang)年(nian)(nian)平均輻射(she)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)153.439千卡/平方(fang)厘米(mi),無霜期117~136天。平均年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)169毫(hao)米(mi),降(jiang)(jiang)水集中在夏秋兩季。年(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)變化大。年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)2067.8毫(hao)米(mi),是降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)的11.5倍,屬(shu)(shu)半干(gan)旱(han)類(lei)型。獨特的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件,適(shi)宜五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)小麥的生長發(fa)育,并且遠(yuan)離污(wu)染(ran),產品品質優佳,是國家和自治區重要(yao)的綠(lv)色農畜產品生產基(ji)地。 4、農業(ye)環境質量(liang)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)欠發(fa)達地區,主要(yao)以農業(ye)經濟(ji)為主,處于(yu)草(cao)原(yuan)和沙漠的包圍之中,基(ji)本上(shang)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)無污(wu)染(ran)地區。據環保部門測(ce)定:五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)的大氣(qi)綜(zong)合指數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)(shu)一級(ji)水平,說明空氣(qi)清(qing)潔,未(wei)被污(wu)染(ran)。土壤綜(zong)合指數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)(shu)二(er)級(ji)清(qing)潔標準(zhun),基(ji)本未(wei)受到污(wu)染(ran)。灌溉用(yong)水綜(zong)合指數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)(shu)二(er)級(ji)清(qing)潔標準(zhun)。綜(zong)上(shang)所述,五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)的大氣(qi)、土壤、水質等環境質量(liang)十分有(you)利于(yu)發(fa)展生態農業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣位于(yu)(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區西部巴彥淖(nao)爾市,南(nan)鄰黃河(he),北靠(kao)陰山,東西分別與烏(wu)拉特前(qian)旗(qi)和臨河(he)區接(jie)壤(rang),地(di)處(chu)河(he)套平原(yuan)腹(fu)地(di),地(di)勢平坦,土地(di)坡降僅為八千分之一,110國道(dao)、京(jing)藏高(gao)速和包蘭鐵路(lu)全境通過(guo)。地(di)理坐標位于(yu)(yu)(五原(yuan)小(xiao)麥(mai)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志保護范圍(wei)):東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西長約62.5公里(li),南(nan)北寬約40公里(li)。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行(xing)政村,774個(ge)社,總(zong)人(ren)(ren)口30.3萬人(ren)(ren),總(zong)戶數(shu)52978戶,其中農業(ye)人(ren)(ren)口21萬,有勞動力10萬人(ren)(ren),總(zong)耕地(di)面積(ji)230萬畝。全縣小(xiao)麥(mai)生產(chan)面積(ji)16467公頃,產(chan)量86450噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
產品(pin)(pin)外在(zai)感觀特征:五原小(xiao)麥的主栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種為(wei)永良4號(hao),是河套灌區的特色品(pin)(pin)種,該小(xiao)麥籽粒飽滿(man),容重高,蛋白質含量高,面(mian)(mian)筋值高,加工成的面(mian)(mian)粉適應面(mian)(mian)廣,做(zuo)出(chu)的餃子、面(mian)(mian)條色澤好,透亮,玻璃質表現明顯,食用品(pin)(pin)質好,筋道,滑(hua)爽(shuang),粘彈性好,營養豐富,深受廣大消(xiao)費者(zhe)青睞。
產品內在品質特(te)性:五原小(xiao)麥口感(gan)好,營養豐富,經檢(jian)測,蛋(dan)(dan)白質含(han)量為(wei)14-18.0g/100g,面(mian)筋質為(wei)27-33%,能量為(wei)1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水(shui)化合物為(wei)68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋(dan)(dan)白質含(han)量和(he)濕面(mian)筋質含(han)量分別比全國(guo)平(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)高1.4%和(he)3.3%。