一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣位于舉(ju)世聞(wen)(wen)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)套(tao)米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和(he)積淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化,漢武帝時期(qi),因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而(er)得名(ming)(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)正式建(jian)縣至今。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)有(you)(you)(you)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)恬北筑(zhu)長城、衛青(qing)抗擊匈奴、詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)白“迢迢五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔(shuo)雪亂(luan)邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春色(se)(se)歸來遲(chi),二月垂(chui)楊(yang)未掛(gua)絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近代(dai)(dai)史(shi)上(shang)(shang),被當(dang)地(di)老百姓稱為(wei)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)間河(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方紳士(shi)王(wang)同春修(xiu)渠(qu)治(zhi)水(shui),墾荒置田,首開(kai)河(he)套(tao)大(da)規模發展農業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河(he),使五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)土(tu)地(di)肥沃、氣候(hou)宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)、水(shui)渠(qu)縱橫、旱(han)澇保收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外江(jiang)南”。現代(dai)(dai)史(shi)上(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)(you)馮玉祥將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)(zuo)義將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更(geng)使五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)(wen)名(ming)(ming)遐邇。據《內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)志(zhi).農業(ye)(ye)志(zhi)》記載,我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)石器時代(dai)(dai)已有(you)(you)(you)麥(mai)(mai)類作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),1940年(nian)(nian),綏(sui)西農業(ye)(ye)改進所從(cong)四川引(yin)進一批小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)巴彥淖(nao)爾盟各(ge)旗縣試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均單產為(wei)750公斤(jin)/公頃(qing),1949年(nian)(nian),河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)面(mian)積占全區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%,到了(le)70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期(qi),小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)單產有(you)(you)(you)了(le)大(da)幅提(ti)高(gao),達(da)到了(le)6067公斤(jin)/公頃(qing)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)商品糧基(ji)地(di)之(zhi)一,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家和(he)內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)農畜產品生產基(ji)地(di)。1983年(nian)(nian),內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)決定,把包括(kuo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15個旗縣有(you)(you)(you)計劃、有(you)(you)(you)步驟(zou)地(di)建(jian)設成(cheng)為(wei)穩(wen)產高(gao)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品糧基(ji)地(di),五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積最多在(zai)(zai)(zai)60萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),現因比較(jiao)效益較(jiao)低,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積有(you)(you)(you)所減少,2013年(nian)(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積為(wei)24.7萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣現在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主栽(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)永良(liang)(liang)4號,是(shi)(shi)1984年(nian)(nian)寧夏(xia)永寧縣良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場職工(gong)天(tian)津下鄉知青(qing)邱志(zhi)新(xin)培育(yu)成(cheng)功(gong)。該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)縣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已將(jiang)近30年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),因我(wo)(wo)縣具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)光能豐富、日照充足、晝夜溫差大(da)、降雨量(liang)(liang)少而(er)集中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)特(te)點,主要耕作(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)壤是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)壤質灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕作(zuo)(zuo)性好(hao),含鉀量(liang)(liang)高(gao),生產出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)籽粒(li)飽滿,容重高(gao),蛋白質含量(liang)(liang)高(gao),面(mian)筋(jin)(jin)值高(gao),加工(gong)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)粉適應面(mian)廣(guang),做出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餃子(zi)、面(mian)條(tiao)色(se)(se)澤好(hao),透亮,食用品質好(hao),筋(jin)(jin)道(dao),滑爽,粘彈性好(hao)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:巴彥淖爾市地形地貌簡稱“一山(shan)兩原(yuan)”。以(yi)(yi)陰(yin)山(shan)為(wei)界大(da)體可分為(wei)三(san)大(da)區域:陰(yin)山(shan)以(yi)(yi)北是以(yi)(yi)荒漠半荒漠為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)烏(wu)拉特草原(yuan),中(zhong)部(bu)為(wei)陰(yin)山(shan)山(shan)地,陰(yin)山(shan)南麓至黃(huang)河北岸為(wei)河套(tao)平原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處于(yu)河套(tao)平原(yuan)內(nei),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型主(zhu)要有(you)(you)灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和新積(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的(de)主(zhu)要耕作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤是灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)壤質灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕作(zuo)性(xing)好,含鉀量(liang)高,對糖和淀粉(fen)的(de)積(ji)累非(fei)常有(you)(you)利。
2、水(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:五原縣(xian)水(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛,灌(guan)(guan)溉便利(li)。黃河流(liu)經河套平(ping)原345公(gong)里,年徑(jing)流(liu)總量(liang)315億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)開采量(liang)達18億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。河套灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)由黃河三盛公(gong)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐自(zi)流(liu)引水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉,每(mei)年引水(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),是(shi)亞洲最大(da)的一首制自(zi)流(liu)引水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu),也是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國三大(da)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)之一。黃河來水(shui)是(shi)最大(da)的地(di)表水(shui)資源(yuan),一般年流(liu)量(liang)336.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有5大(da)干(gan)渠(qu),9條(tiao)分干(gan)渠(qu),135條(tiao)農渠(qu),密如蛛網的毛渠(qu)灌(guan)(guan)溉著全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)土地(di),每(mei)年引水(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉積層(ceng)中(zhong),一般埋深0.5~3.2米(mi)(mi)之間(jian),含水(shui)厚度30~160米(mi)(mi),礦化度低于3克/升(sheng)。充(chong)足的水(shui)資源(yuan)為五原小麥提供了(le)良(liang)好的灌(guan)(guan)溉條(tiao)件,而且水(shui)量(liang)充(chong)沛,無(wu)工業污染。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)中(zhong)溫(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou),平均海拔高度1102.7米,具有(you)光能豐(feng)富、日照充(chong)足、晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da)、降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)少而集中(zhong)的(de)特點(dian)。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)7.0℃,平均風(feng)速2.6米/秒(miao),東北風(feng)向較多。全年(nian)(nian)日照時(shi)數(shu)3192.5小時(shi),平均日照百(bai)分(fen)率72%,太陽年(nian)(nian)平均輻(fu)射總數(shu)153.439千卡/平方厘米,無(wu)霜期117~136天(tian)。平均年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)169毫(hao)米,降(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)在夏秋兩季。年(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)化大(da)(da)。年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2067.8毫(hao)米,是降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干旱類型。獨特的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian),適(shi)宜五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)小麥的(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)育,并(bing)且遠離污(wu)染(ran)(ran),產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質優(you)佳,是國家和自治(zhi)區(qu)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)農(nong)畜產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產基地。 4、農(nong)業環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)欠發(fa)達地區(qu),主要(yao)以農(nong)業經濟為主,處于(yu)(yu)草原(yuan)(yuan)和沙漠的(de)包圍之(zhi)中(zhong),基本上(shang)(shang)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)地區(qu)。據環(huan)(huan)保部(bu)門測定:五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣的(de)大(da)(da)氣(qi)綜合指數(shu)P綜=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水(shui)平,說明空氣(qi)清潔,未被(bei)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)。土壤綜合指數(shu)P綜=0.78,屬(shu)二(er)級(ji)清潔標準,基本未受到污(wu)染(ran)(ran)。灌溉用水(shui)綜合指數(shu)P綜=0.72,屬(shu)二(er)級(ji)清潔標準。綜上(shang)(shang)所述,五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣的(de)大(da)(da)氣(qi)、土壤、水(shui)質等環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)十(shi)分(fen)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)發(fa)展生(sheng)態農(nong)業。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位于(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)西(xi)部巴彥(yan)淖(nao)爾(er)市,南(nan)鄰黃河(he),北靠陰(yin)山,東(dong)西(xi)分(fen)別與烏拉(la)特前(qian)旗(qi)和(he)臨(lin)河(he)區(qu)接壤,地(di)處河(he)套平(ping)原腹地(di),地(di)勢平(ping)坦,土地(di)坡降(jiang)僅為八(ba)千分(fen)之(zhi)一,110國道、京藏(zang)高速和(he)包蘭(lan)鐵路全境通(tong)過。地(di)理坐(zuo)標位于(yu)(五原小(xiao)麥(mai)農(nong)產品地(di)理標志保護范圍):東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西(xi)長約62.5公(gong)里,南(nan)北寬約40公(gong)里。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行政村,774個(ge)社,總人口(kou)30.3萬(wan)(wan)人,總戶數52978戶,其中農(nong)業人口(kou)21萬(wan)(wan),有勞動力10萬(wan)(wan)人,總耕地(di)面(mian)(mian)積230萬(wan)(wan)畝。全縣小(xiao)麥(mai)生(sheng)產面(mian)(mian)積16467公(gong)頃,產量(liang)86450噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
產品(pin)外(wai)在感觀(guan)特征:五(wu)原小(xiao)麥的主(zhu)栽品(pin)種為(wei)永良4號,是河套(tao)灌區的特色品(pin)種,該小(xiao)麥籽粒飽滿(man),容重高,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高,面筋值(zhi)高,加工成的面粉適應面廣(guang),做出的餃子(zi)、面條色澤好(hao),透亮,玻璃質(zhi)表現明顯,食用品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao),筋道,滑爽,粘彈(dan)性(xing)好(hao),營養豐富(fu),深(shen)受廣(guang)大(da)消費者青(qing)睞。
產品內在品質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)性:五原小麥(mai)口感(gan)好,營(ying)養豐富,經(jing)檢(jian)測,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)為(wei)14-18.0g/100g,面(mian)筋(jin)(jin)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)27-33%,能量(liang)為(wei)1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水(shui)化合物為(wei)68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)和(he)濕面(mian)筋(jin)(jin)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)分(fen)別比全國平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)1.4%和(he)3.3%。