一.產品介紹
五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)位于舉世聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)套(tao)米糧(liang)川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),有(you)2400年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久(jiu)歷史和(he)積(ji)(ji)淀深(shen)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化,漢武帝時(shi)期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)(wei)五原(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)正式(shi)建縣(xian)至今。五原(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)蒙恬北(bei)筑長城(cheng)、衛(wei)青抗(kang)擊(ji)匈奴、詩人(ren)(ren)李白“迢迢五原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)句,張(zhang)敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五原(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色歸來遲,二月(yue)垂楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詠(yong)誦。近(jin)代史上,被當地(di)老百姓稱為(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)間河(he)神(shen)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方紳士王(wang)同春(chun)修渠治(zhi)水(shui),墾荒(huang)置田(tian),首開河(he)套(tao)大規(gui)模(mo)發(fa)展農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河(he),使(shi)五原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)地(di)肥沃、氣(qi)候(hou)宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)、水(shui)渠縱橫(heng)、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外(wai)江南”。現代史上,有(you)馮玉祥將(jiang)軍五原(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)(zuo)義將(jiang)軍五原(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰,更使(shi)五原(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)遐(xia)邇(er)。據《內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物志(zhi)(zhi).農(nong)業(ye)志(zhi)(zhi)》記(ji)載,我(wo)區(qu)在新石器時(shi)代已有(you)麥(mai)類作(zuo)(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1940年(nian)(nian)(nian),綏西農(nong)業(ye)改進(jin)所(suo)從四川引進(jin)一批(pi)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)子,在巴彥淖爾(er)盟各旗縣(xian)試種(zhong)(zhong),當年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均單產(chan)為(wei)(wei)750公斤/公頃,1949年(nian)(nian)(nian),河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)占全(quan)區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%,到了(le)70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中期,小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)單產(chan)有(you)了(le)大幅提高(gao),達到了(le)6067公斤/公頃。五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國商品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地(di)之一,也是(shi)(shi)國家(jia)和(he)內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色農(nong)畜產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian),內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)決定,把(ba)包括五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)在內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15個旗縣(xian)有(you)計劃、有(you)步驟地(di)建設成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)穩產(chan)高(gao)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地(di),五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)最多在60萬(wan)(wan)畝,現因比較(jiao)效益較(jiao)低,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)有(you)所(suo)減少,2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)24.7萬(wan)(wan)畝。五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)現在小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)永良4號,是(shi)(shi)1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)寧夏(xia)永寧縣(xian)良種(zhong)(zhong)場職工(gong)天津下鄉(xiang)知青邱志(zhi)(zhi)新培育成(cheng)功。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在我(wo)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已將(jiang)近(jin)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,因我(wo)縣(xian)具有(you)光能豐(feng)富、日照充足、晝(zhou)夜溫差大、降雨量少而集中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點(dian),主要(yao)耕作(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)壤是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)淤(yu)土(tu),其表土(tu)層為(wei)(wei)壤質灌(guan)(guan)淤(yu)層,耕作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)好,含(han)鉀量高(gao),生產(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿,容重(zhong)高(gao),蛋白質含(han)量高(gao),面(mian)(mian)筋值(zhi)高(gao),加工(gong)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)粉(fen)適應面(mian)(mian)廣,做(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餃子、面(mian)(mian)條色澤好,透(tou)亮,食用品(pin)質好,筋道,滑(hua)爽,粘彈性(xing)好。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:巴彥(yan)淖爾(er)市地形地貌簡稱“一山(shan)兩原(yuan)”。以(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)為(wei)(wei)界大體可分為(wei)(wei)三大區域(yu):陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)以(yi)(yi)北是(shi)以(yi)(yi)荒(huang)漠(mo)半荒(huang)漠(mo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的烏拉特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)山(shan)地,陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)南麓至黃河(he)北岸為(wei)(wei)河(he)套平(ping)原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處(chu)于(yu)河(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)灌淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)新積土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌區的主(zhu)要(yao)耕作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤是(shi)灌淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層為(wei)(wei)壤質(zhi)灌淤(yu)層,耕作(zuo)性好,含鉀量高,對(dui)糖和(he)淀粉(fen)的積累非常有(you)利。
2、水(shui)文(wen)情況:五原縣水(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)(chong)沛,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)便(bian)利。黃河(he)流(liu)(liu)經河(he)套平原345公里,年徑流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)315億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)開采量(liang)達18億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。河(he)套灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區由黃河(he)三盛公水(shui)利樞(shu)紐自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai),每(mei)(mei)年引(yin)(yin)水(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi),是(shi)亞洲最大(da)的(de)一(yi)(yi)首制自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區,也是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)三大(da)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區之一(yi)(yi)。黃河(he)來水(shui)是(shi)最大(da)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan),一(yi)(yi)般年流(liu)(liu)量(liang)336.5億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi),全(quan)(quan)縣有(you)5大(da)干渠,9條分(fen)干渠,135條農渠,密如蛛(zhu)網的(de)毛渠灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)著(zhu)全(quan)(quan)縣土(tu)地(di)(di)(di),每(mei)(mei)年引(yin)(yin)水(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)埋藏在第(di)四紀(ji)沉積層(ceng)中(zhong),一(yi)(yi)般埋深0.5~3.2米(mi)(mi)之間,含(han)水(shui)厚度30~160米(mi)(mi),礦化度低(di)于3克/升。充(chong)(chong)足的(de)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為五原小麥提供了良(liang)好的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)條件,而且水(shui)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,無(wu)工(gong)業污染。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:五(wu)原縣屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)溫帶(dai)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均海拔高度1102.7米,具有光(guang)能豐(feng)富、日(ri)(ri)照充足、晝夜溫差大、降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量少而集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)特點。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均風速2.6米/秒(miao),東(dong)北風向(xiang)較(jiao)多。全(quan)年(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時數3192.5小時,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照百(bai)分率(lv)72%,太陽(yang)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均輻射總數153.439千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘米,無(wu)霜期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量169毫(hao)米,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)(zhong)在夏秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)際降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量變化大。年(nian)蒸發(fa)量2067.8毫(hao)米,是降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量的(de)(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干旱類型。獨特的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件,適宜五(wu)原小麥的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)育,并(bing)且遠(yuan)離污染,產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質優佳,是國家和(he)(he)自治區(qu)重要的(de)(de)綠色農(nong)畜(chu)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產基(ji)(ji)地(di)。 4、農(nong)業(ye)環境質量五(wu)原縣屬(shu)于(yu)欠發(fa)達地(di)區(qu),主(zhu)要以農(nong)業(ye)經(jing)濟為主(zhu),處于(yu)草原和(he)(he)沙漠的(de)(de)包圍之中(zhong)(zhong),基(ji)(ji)本(ben)上屬(shu)于(yu)無(wu)污染地(di)區(qu)。據環保部門測(ce)定(ding):五(wu)原縣的(de)(de)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping),說明空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)潔(jie),未(wei)被污染。土(tu)壤綜(zong)(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)標準,基(ji)(ji)本(ben)未(wei)受到污染。灌溉用水(shui)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)標準。綜(zong)(zong)上所述,五(wu)原縣的(de)(de)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、土(tu)壤、水(shui)質等環境質量十(shi)分有利于(yu)發(fa)展生(sheng)態農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位(wei)于內蒙古自治區(qu)西(xi)部巴彥淖爾市(shi),南鄰黃河(he),北(bei)靠陰山,東西(xi)分(fen)別(bie)與(yu)烏拉特前旗和臨河(he)區(qu)接壤,地(di)(di)處河(he)套平原腹地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢平坦(tan),土(tu)地(di)(di)坡降僅(jin)為八千(qian)分(fen)之一,110國道(dao)、京(jing)藏高速和包(bao)蘭鐵路(lu)全境通過。地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標位(wei)于(五原小麥(mai)農(nong)產品地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)保護范(fan)圍):東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西(xi)長(chang)約62.5公(gong)里,南北(bei)寬約40公(gong)里。轄9個鄉鎮,117個行(xing)政村,774個社,總(zong)人(ren)口30.3萬(wan)人(ren),總(zong)戶數52978戶,其(qi)中農(nong)業人(ren)口21萬(wan),有勞動力10萬(wan)人(ren),總(zong)耕地(di)(di)面積(ji)230萬(wan)畝。全縣小麥(mai)生產面積(ji)16467公(gong)頃,產量86450噸。
四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
產品(pin)外在感觀(guan)特征:五(wu)原小麥的(de)(de)主栽品(pin)種為永良4號(hao),是河套灌區的(de)(de)特色(se)品(pin)種,該(gai)小麥籽粒飽滿(man),容重高(gao),蛋白質(zhi)含量高(gao),面筋值高(gao),加工成的(de)(de)面粉適(shi)應面廣,做出的(de)(de)餃子、面條色(se)澤(ze)好,透亮,玻璃質(zhi)表現(xian)明顯,食用品(pin)質(zhi)好,筋道(dao),滑(hua)爽,粘彈性好,營養豐富,深受廣大消(xiao)費者青睞。
產品內在品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特性:五原小麥口感好,營養豐富(fu),經檢測,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)為(wei)(wei)14-18.0g/100g,面筋質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)27-33%,能量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水(shui)化合(he)物為(wei)(wei)68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)和濕面筋質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)分別比(bi)全國平均(jun)水(shui)平高(gao)1.4%和3.3%。