一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣位(wei)于(yu)舉世聞名(ming)的(de)(de)“八(ba)百(bai)里(li)河(he)(he)套米糧川”的(de)(de)河(he)(he)套平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)2400年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和積(ji)(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)文化,漢武帝(di)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),因(yin)九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改(gai)為(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而得(de)名(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)正式建(jian)縣至(zhi)今。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)蒙恬北筑(zhu)長城、衛青抗擊匈奴、詩(shi)人(ren)李白(bai)“迢迢五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂(luan)邊(bian)花”的(de)(de)名(ming)句,張敬(jing)忠(zhong)的(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色(se)歸來遲,二月垂(chui)楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)詠誦。近(jin)代史(shi)上(shang),被當地(di)老百(bai)姓稱為(wei)“人(ren)間河(he)(he)神”的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)紳士王(wang)同春(chun)修渠治(zhi)水,墾荒置田,首開河(he)(he)套大(da)(da)規模發展農業的(de)(de)先(xian)河(he)(he),使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成為(wei)土(tu)地(di)肥(fei)沃、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)宜(yi)人(ren)、水渠縱橫、旱澇保收的(de)(de)“塞外(wai)江南”。現代史(shi)上(shang),有(you)馮玉(yu)祥將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓(shi)師(shi)、傅作(zuo)(zuo)義將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰(zhan),更使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)遐邇。據(ju)《內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)志.農業志》記載(zai),我區(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)石器(qi)時(shi)代已有(you)麥類作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),1940年(nian)(nian)(nian),綏西農業改(gai)進(jin)(jin)所從四川引進(jin)(jin)一批小(xiao)(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,在(zai)(zai)(zai)巴彥淖(nao)爾(er)盟各(ge)旗(qi)縣試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)單產(chan)(chan)為(wei)750公斤/公頃(qing),1949年(nian)(nian)(nian),河(he)(he)套灌區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)占全(quan)區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)90%,到了70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)期(qi)(qi),小(xiao)(xiao)麥單產(chan)(chan)有(you)了大(da)(da)幅提高,達(da)到了6067公斤/公頃(qing)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣是全(quan)國商品(pin)糧基地(di)之(zhi)一,也是國家和內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)綠色(se)農畜產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian),內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)決定,把(ba)包括五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣在(zai)(zai)(zai)內的(de)(de)15個旗(qi)縣有(you)計劃、有(you)步驟地(di)建(jian)設(she)成為(wei)穩產(chan)(chan)高產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)商品(pin)糧基地(di),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣小(xiao)(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)最多在(zai)(zai)(zai)60萬畝,現因(yin)比較(jiao)效益較(jiao)低,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)有(you)所減(jian)少,2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)24.7萬畝。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣現在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)麥的(de)(de)主(zhu)栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)永(yong)(yong)良4號,是1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)寧夏(xia)永(yong)(yong)寧縣良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)職(zhi)工天津下鄉知青邱志新(xin)培育成功。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我縣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已將(jiang)近(jin)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi),因(yin)我縣具有(you)光能豐(feng)富(fu)、日照充足、晝夜溫差大(da)(da)、降雨量(liang)少而集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點,主(zhu)要耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)壤(rang)是灌淤(yu)土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)壤(rang)質(zhi)灌淤(yu)層(ceng),耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)性好,含鉀量(liang)高,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)麥籽粒飽滿(man),容重(zhong)高,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量(liang)高,面(mian)(mian)筋值(zhi)高,加工成的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)粉適(shi)應面(mian)(mian)廣(guang),做(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)餃子、面(mian)(mian)條色(se)澤好,透(tou)亮,食用品(pin)質(zhi)好,筋道,滑爽,粘彈(dan)性好。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:巴彥淖爾(er)市地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌簡稱“一山(shan)兩(liang)原(yuan)”。以(yi)陰(yin)山(shan)為(wei)界大體可分為(wei)三大區域:陰(yin)山(shan)以(yi)北(bei)是以(yi)荒漠半(ban)荒漠為(wei)主的(de)烏拉特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)陰(yin)山(shan)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),陰(yin)山(shan)南麓至黃河北(bei)岸為(wei)河套平原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處于(yu)河套平原(yuan)內(nei),土(tu)壤類型主要有灌(guan)(guan)淤土(tu)、鹽土(tu)、風沙(sha)土(tu)、堿(jian)土(tu)、潮土(tu)和新(xin)積土(tu)。灌(guan)(guan)區的(de)主要耕(geng)作土(tu)壤是灌(guan)(guan)淤土(tu),其(qi)表土(tu)層為(wei)壤質灌(guan)(guan)淤層,耕(geng)作性好,含鉀量高,對糖和淀粉的(de)積累非常(chang)有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:五(wu)原縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源充沛,灌(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃(huang)河流經河套(tao)平原345公里,年徑流總量(liang)(liang)315億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)(liang)達18億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。河套(tao)灌(guan)區(qu)由黃(huang)河三盛(sheng)公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10-11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),是亞洲最大(da)(da)的(de)一首制自流引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區(qu),也是全國三大(da)(da)灌(guan)區(qu)之一。黃(huang)河來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是最大(da)(da)的(de)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源,一般年流量(liang)(liang)336.5億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),全縣有5大(da)(da)干渠(qu),9條(tiao)(tiao)分干渠(qu),135條(tiao)(tiao)農(nong)渠(qu),密如蛛網的(de)毛渠(qu)灌(guan)溉(gai)著全縣土地(di),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10~11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋(mai)(mai)藏在第四(si)紀沉積層中,一般埋(mai)(mai)深(shen)0.5~3.2米(mi)(mi)之間,含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)厚度(du)30~160米(mi)(mi),礦(kuang)化度(du)低于(yu)3克/升。充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源為(wei)五(wu)原小麥提供了良好的(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)條(tiao)(tiao)件,而(er)且水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)充沛,無工業污(wu)染。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候,平(ping)均(jun)海拔高(gao)度1102.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),具有光能豐富、日(ri)照(zhao)充(chong)足、晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)、降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)少而集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)均(jun)風速2.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒,東北風向較多(duo)。全年日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)(shu)3192.5小時(shi),平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)百分(fen)率72%,太(tai)陽年平(ping)均(jun)輻射總(zong)數(shu)(shu)153.439千卡/平(ping)方厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)霜(shuang)期117~136天。平(ping)均(jun)年降(jiang)水量(liang)169毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),降(jiang)水集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在夏秋兩季。年際(ji)降(jiang)水量(liang)變化大(da)。年蒸發(fa)量(liang)2067.8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),是降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干(gan)旱(han)類(lei)型。獨特的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件,適宜五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)小麥的(de)(de)生長發(fa)育,并且遠(yuan)離污(wu)染,產品品質優佳,是國家(jia)和自(zi)治(zhi)區重要(yao)的(de)(de)綠色農(nong)畜產品生產基(ji)地(di)。 4、農(nong)業環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于欠發(fa)達地(di)區,主(zhu)要(yao)以農(nong)業經濟(ji)為(wei)主(zhu),處于草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)和沙漠的(de)(de)包圍(wei)之中(zhong)(zhong),基(ji)本上屬(shu)于無(wu)污(wu)染地(di)區。據(ju)環(huan)保部門測定:五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)綜(zong)(zong)合指數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水平(ping),說(shuo)明空氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)潔(jie),未(wei)被污(wu)染。土壤綜(zong)(zong)合指數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)標準(zhun),基(ji)本未(wei)受到污(wu)染。灌溉用水綜(zong)(zong)合指數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)標準(zhun)。綜(zong)(zong)上所述,五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)、土壤、水質等環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)十分(fen)有利于發(fa)展生態(tai)農(nong)業。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣位于內(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)西(xi)部巴彥淖爾市,南鄰黃(huang)河,北(bei)靠陰(yin)山,東(dong)西(xi)分別與(yu)烏拉特(te)前旗和臨河區(qu)接(jie)壤(rang),地(di)(di)處河套平原(yuan)腹(fu)地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢平坦,土地(di)(di)坡(po)降僅為八(ba)千(qian)分之一(yi),110國道、京藏(zang)高速和包蘭(lan)鐵(tie)路全(quan)境通過(guo)。地(di)(di)理(li)(li)坐標(biao)(biao)位于(五原(yuan)小麥(mai)農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志保護范圍):東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西(xi)長約62.5公里(li),南北(bei)寬約40公里(li)。轄9個鄉(xiang)鎮,117個行政(zheng)村,774個社,總(zong)人口(kou)30.3萬(wan)(wan)人,總(zong)戶數52978戶,其(qi)中農業人口(kou)21萬(wan)(wan),有勞動力(li)10萬(wan)(wan)人,總(zong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)面積230萬(wan)(wan)畝。全(quan)縣小麥(mai)生產(chan)(chan)面積16467公頃,產(chan)(chan)量86450噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
產品(pin)外在感觀特征:五(wu)原小(xiao)麥的主(zhu)栽品(pin)種(zhong)為永(yong)良4號,是河(he)套灌(guan)區的特色(se)品(pin)種(zhong),該小(xiao)麥籽粒飽(bao)滿,容重(zhong)高(gao)(gao),蛋白質含(han)量高(gao)(gao),面筋(jin)值高(gao)(gao),加工成的面粉適應面廣(guang),做出的餃(jiao)子(zi)、面條(tiao)色(se)澤好(hao),透亮,玻(bo)璃(li)質表現明顯,食用品(pin)質好(hao),筋(jin)道,滑爽,粘彈性好(hao),營養豐(feng)富,深受廣(guang)大(da)消費(fei)者青睞。
產(chan)品內在品質特性:五原(yuan)小麥口感好(hao),營養豐富,經檢測,蛋(dan)白(bai)質含量為(wei)14-18.0g/100g,面筋質為(wei)27-33%,能量為(wei)1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水化(hua)合物為(wei)68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋(dan)白(bai)質含量和濕面筋質含量分別比(bi)全國(guo)平(ping)(ping)均水平(ping)(ping)高1.4%和3.3%。