一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位于舉世聞名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)套米糧川(chuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和積淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化,漢武帝時(shi)期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改為五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而得名(ming)(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)正式建縣(xian)(xian)至今。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)(you)蒙恬北筑(zhu)長城(cheng)、衛青抗擊匈奴、詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)李(li)白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂(luan)邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)句,張(zhang)敬(jing)忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色(se)歸來遲(chi),二月(yue)垂楊未(wei)掛(gua)絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詠(yong)誦。近(jin)(jin)(jin)代史(shi)上,被當地老百姓稱為“人(ren)(ren)間(jian)河(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方紳士王同春(chun)修渠(qu)治水,墾(ken)荒置田(tian),首開(kai)(kai)河(he)套大(da)(da)規模發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河(he),使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)為土地肥沃(wo)、氣(qi)候宜人(ren)(ren)、水渠(qu)縱(zong)橫、旱澇(lao)保收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞(sai)外(wai)江(jiang)南(nan)”。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代史(shi)上,有(you)(you)馮玉祥將軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅(fu)作義(yi)將軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)(ming)遐邇。據(ju)《內蒙古自(zi)治區農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物種(zhong)子志》記載,1936年(nian)(nian)西紅柿傳(chuan)入我(wo)(wo)(wo)區,我(wo)(wo)(wo)縣(xian)(xian)從60-70年(nian)(nian)代開(kai)(kai)始種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)黃柿子,是多年(nian)(nian)流(liu)傳(chuan)下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),具(ju)曾任五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜辦主(zhu)任現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)其(qi)田(tian)莊(zhuang)園(yuan)總經(jing)(jing)理(li)郭子義(yi)及具(ju)有(you)(you)多年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)張(zhang)培、張(zhang)書發(fa)等介紹,黃柿子最(zui)(zui)初是由五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)大(da)(da)戶種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)功,因其(qi)顏(yan)色(se)金黃,口感好(hao),從此在周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)社(she)中(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)開(kai)(kai)來,黃柿子最(zui)(zui)初只是當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)分散種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),就近(jin)(jin)(jin)供應。近(jin)(jin)(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)隨著經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和人(ren)(ren)民(min)生活水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao),因黃柿子具(ju)有(you)(you)果實個大(da)(da)肉厚、含(han)水量(liang)(liang)少、沙甜(tian)可(ke)口、營(ying)養豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi),受到(dao)廣(guang)大(da)(da)消費者青睞,逐(zhu)漸發(fa)展成(cheng)(cheng)為具(ju)有(you)(you)較強影(ying)響(xiang)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。隨著我(wo)(wo)(wo)縣(xian)(xian)設施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展,溫(wen)室黃柿子種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規模不斷擴大(da)(da),而且產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好(hao),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)效益高(gao),成(cheng)(cheng)為增加(jia)(jia)菜農(nong)(nong)(nong)收(shou)(shou)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興產業。目前(qian),我(wo)(wo)(wo)縣(xian)(xian)反季節(jie)黃柿子種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)以溫(wen)室生產為主(zhu),塑料大(da)(da)棚種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)為輔,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)上市(shi)時(shi)間(jian)從4月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)一直延續到(dao)翌年(nian)(nian)元(yuan)月(yue),基本實現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)供應,經(jing)(jing)濟效益和社(she)會效益十分顯著。溫(wen)室栽(zai)培平(ping)均畝收(shou)(shou)入4-6萬(wan)元(yuan),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)可(ke)達(da)8萬(wan)元(yuan),大(da)(da)棚栽(zai)培平(ping)均畝效益達(da)1.5萬(wan)元(yuan)。近(jin)(jin)(jin)年(nian)(nian)來,通過采取提(ti)高(gao)棚室質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、示范推(tui)廣(guang)先進(jin)栽(zai)培管理(li)技術(shu)等措施(shi)(shi),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)效益穩步增加(jia)(jia),菜農(nong)(nong)(nong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)積極性空前(qian)高(gao)漲,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)已(yi)達(da)3000余畝,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)(ming)度和影(ying)響(xiang)力不斷擴大(da)(da),黃柿子已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況:巴(ba)彥淖爾市地形(xing)地貌簡稱“一(yi)山兩原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。以(yi)陰(yin)(yin)山為(wei)界大體可(ke)分為(wei)三大區域:陰(yin)(yin)山以(yi)北是以(yi)荒漠半荒漠為(wei)主(zhu)的烏(wu)拉特草原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),中部(bu)為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山山地,陰(yin)(yin)山南麓至(zhi)黃河(he)(he)北岸為(wei)河(he)(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),五原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣就處(chu)于河(he)(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內,土(tu)壤類型主(zhu)要有(you)灌(guan)淤土(tu)、鹽土(tu)、風沙土(tu)、堿土(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)和新積土(tu)。灌(guan)區的主(zhu)要耕作(zuo)土(tu)壤是灌(guan)淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層為(wei)壤質灌(guan)淤層,耕作(zuo)性好,含鉀(jia)量高,對黃柿子的生長非常有(you)利。
2、水(shui)文情況:五(wu)原縣(xian)水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)充沛(pei),灌(guan)溉便利。黃河流(liu)經(jing)河套平原345公里(li),年(nian)徑流(liu)總量(liang)(liang)315億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地下(xia)水(shui)開(kai)采量(liang)(liang)達18億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。河套灌(guan)區(qu)由黃河三盛公水(shui)利樞紐自(zi)流(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)灌(guan)溉,每(mei)年(nian)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)10-11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是亞洲最大(da)的一首制自(zi)流(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)灌(guan)區(qu),也(ye)是全(quan)(quan)國三大(da)灌(guan)區(qu)之(zhi)一。黃河水(shui)是最大(da)的地表水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan),一般年(nian)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)336.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有(you)5大(da)干渠,9條(tiao)分干渠,135條(tiao)農渠,密如(ru)蛛網的毛渠灌(guan)溉著(zhu)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)地,每(mei)年(nian)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)10~11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地下(xia)水(shui)埋(mai)藏在第四紀沉積層中,一般埋(mai)深0.5~3.2m之(zhi)間,含水(shui)厚度(du)(du)30~160m,礦化度(du)(du)低(di)于3g/L。充足的水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)為五(wu)原黃柿子提(ti)供了良好的灌(guan)溉條(tiao)件(jian),而(er)且水(shui)量(liang)(liang)充沛(pei),無(wu)工業污染。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:五原縣屬(shu)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海拔高度1102.7m,具(ju)有光能豐富、日照充足(zu)、晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da)、降雨量(liang)(liang)少(shao)而(er)集中(zhong)的(de)特點(dian)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向(xiang)較(jiao)多。全(quan)年(nian)日照時(shi)數3192.5h,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照百分率(lv)72%,太(tai)陽年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)輻射總數153.439kcal/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,無霜期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)169mm,降水集中(zhong)在夏秋兩(liang)季。年(nian)際降水量(liang)(liang)變化大(da)(da)。年(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)2067.8mm,是(shi)降雨量(liang)(liang)的(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干(gan)旱(han)類型。獨(du)特的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件,適宜黃(huang)柿(shi)子的(de)生長發(fa)育(yu),并且遠(yuan)離污染,產品品質優,是(shi)國家(jia)和自治區重(zhong)要的(de)綠色農畜產品生產基地。
4、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)五(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)欠發達(da)地區(qu),主(zhu)要以農業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟為主(zhu),處于(yu)(yu)(yu)草原(yuan)和沙漠的包圍之中(zhong),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)無污染地區(qu)。據環保部門測定:五(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)的大(da)氣綜(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬一級水(shui)平,說明空(kong)氣清潔(jie),未被污染。土壤綜(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬二(er)級清潔(jie)標(biao)準(zhun),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)未受到污染。灌溉用(yong)水(shui)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬二(er)級清潔(jie)標(biao)準(zhun)。綜(zong)(zong)上(shang)所述,五(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)的大(da)氣、土壤、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)等環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)十分(fen)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)發展生態農業(ye)(ye)(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位于(yu)內蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)區西部巴彥淖爾市(shi),南鄰黃(huang)河(he)(he),北(bei)(bei)靠(kao)陰(yin)山,東(dong)西分別與(yu)烏拉特(te)前(qian)旗和臨河(he)(he)區接壤,東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西長約(yue)62.5公里,南北(bei)(bei)寬約(yue)40公里。地處河(he)(he)套平原腹(fu)地,地勢平坦,土地坡降僅為八千分之(zhi)一。110國道、京藏高速(su)和包蘭鐵路全境通過。轄9個鄉鎮,117個行政(zheng)村,774個社,總人口30.3萬(wan)人,總戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農業人口21萬(wan),有(you)勞(lao)動力(li)10萬(wan)人。五原黃(huang)柿(shi)子地理標志地域保護范圍總生(sheng)產面積200公頃(qing),年總產量7500噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
產(chan)品(pin)外在(zai)感觀特征:五原黃柿子(zi)屬茄科(ke),是我縣的(de)地(di)方特色品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)平均果重200~250g左右,顏色金黃,個大肉厚、含水量少、沙(sha)甜(tian)可口、營養豐富(fu),深受廣大消(xiao)費(fei)者青睞。近年(nian)來,隨(sui)著我縣設施農業(ye)的(de)快速(su)發展(zhan),溫室(shi)黃柿子(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)植規模不斷擴大,而且(qie)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量好,種(zhong)(zhong)植效(xiao)益(yi)高,成為增加菜農收入(ru)的(de)新興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)。
產品(pin)內在品(pin)質特性(xing):五原黃柿(shi)子(zi)營養豐(feng)富(fu),經(jing)檢測(ce),維(wei)生素C含(han)量(liang)20-30mg/100g,可溶性(xing)固形物含(han)量(liang)為(wei)2-6%,總酸(以檸(ning)檬酸計)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)0.4-0.65g/100g,產品(pin)有促(cu)進(jin)消(xiao)化(hua)、抑制(zhi)多種細菌作(zuo)用。