一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)位于舉世(shi)聞名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里(li)河(he)套(tao)米糧(liang)川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和積(ji)淀深厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化,漢武帝時(shi)(shi)期(qi),因九原(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)郡而(er)(er)得名(ming)(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)正式建縣(xian)至(zhi)今。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)(you)蒙恬北筑長城、衛青抗(kang)擊匈(xiong)奴、詩人(ren)李(li)白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)春色(se)歸來(lai)遲,二月(yue)垂楊(yang)未掛(gua)絲(si)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠(yong)誦(song)。近(jin)代(dai)史(shi)上,被當(dang)地老(lao)百姓稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“人(ren)間河(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方紳(shen)士王同(tong)春修渠治水(shui)(shui),墾荒置田(tian)(tian),首開(kai)河(he)套(tao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)先河(he),使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土地肥沃(wo)、氣候(hou)宜人(ren)、水(shui)(shui)渠縱(zong)橫(heng)、旱澇保收的(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外江南”。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)史(shi)上,有(you)(you)馮玉祥將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)誓師(shi)、傅作義將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰(zhan),更使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)(ming)遐邇。據《內蒙古自(zi)治區農(nong)(nong)作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)志》記載,1936年(nian)(nian)西紅(hong)柿(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)入我區,我縣(xian)從(cong)60-70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開(kai)始(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi),是(shi)多年(nian)(nian)流傳(chuan)下(xia)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具(ju)曾(ceng)任(ren)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜辦主任(ren)現(xian)(xian)其(qi)(qi)田(tian)(tian)莊園總(zong)經(jing)理郭子(zi)義及具(ju)有(you)(you)多年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)張培(pei)(pei)、張書發(fa)(fa)等介(jie)紹,黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)最(zui)初(chu)是(shi)由五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)戶(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成功(gong),因其(qi)(qi)顏色(se)金黃(huang),口感(gan)好,從(cong)此在周(zhou)(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)村社中(zhong)推廣(guang)開(kai)來(lai),黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)最(zui)初(chu)只(zhi)是(shi)當(dang)地農(nong)(nong)民(min)分散種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就近(jin)供應。近(jin)幾年(nian)(nian)隨(sui)著(zhu)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和人(ren)民(min)生活水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,因黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)具(ju)有(you)(you)果實個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)肉(rou)厚(hou)、含水(shui)(shui)量少、沙甜(tian)可口、營(ying)養(yang)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi),受到廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者青睞,逐漸發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)(you)較強影(ying)響力的(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)產品。隨(sui)著(zhu)我縣(xian)設施農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),溫(wen)室黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模(mo)不斷(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da),而(er)(er)且產品質(zhi)量好,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)高,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增加菜農(nong)(nong)收入的(de)(de)(de)(de)新興產業。目前,我縣(xian)反季(ji)節黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以溫(wen)室生產為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,塑料大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,產品上市(shi)時(shi)(shi)間從(cong)4月(yue)中(zhong)旬一(yi)直延續到翌年(nian)(nian)元(yuan)(yuan)月(yue),基本(ben)實現(xian)(xian)了(le)周(zhou)(zhou)年(nian)(nian)供應,經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)和社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)十分顯著(zhu)。溫(wen)室栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)平均(jun)畝(mu)收入4-6萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),最(zui)高可達(da)8萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)平均(jun)畝(mu)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)達(da)1.5萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來(lai),通過采取提高棚室質(zhi)量、示(shi)范推廣(guang)先進栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)管(guan)理技術等措施,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)穩(wen)步增加,菜農(nong)(nong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)極(ji)性空前高漲,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)現(xian)(xian)已(yi)達(da)3000余畝(mu),產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)(ming)度和影(ying)響力不斷(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da),黃(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)產品。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤地貌(mao)情況(kuang):巴彥淖爾市地形地貌(mao)簡(jian)稱“一山(shan)(shan)兩原(yuan)”。以陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)界大(da)體可分為(wei)(wei)三大(da)區(qu)域(yu):陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)以北(bei)是以荒(huang)漠(mo)半荒(huang)漠(mo)為(wei)(wei)主的烏拉特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地,陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)南麓(lu)至黃河北(bei)岸為(wei)(wei)河套平(ping)原(yuan),五(wu)原(yuan)縣就處(chu)于(yu)河套平(ping)原(yuan)內(nei),土(tu)壤類型主要(yao)有灌(guan)淤土(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)、風沙土(tu)、堿(jian)土(tu)、潮土(tu)和新積(ji)土(tu)。灌(guan)區(qu)的主要(yao)耕作(zuo)土(tu)壤是灌(guan)淤土(tu),其(qi)表(biao)土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤質(zhi)灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕作(zuo)性好,含(han)鉀量(liang)高,對黃柿子的生長非常有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛,灌(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃河流(liu)(liu)經河套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)345公里(li),年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)315億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地下水(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)達(da)18億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。河套(tao)灌(guan)區(qu)由黃河三盛公水(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),每年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi),是(shi)亞洲最大(da)的(de)一(yi)(yi)首(shou)制自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區(qu),也是(shi)全國三大(da)灌(guan)區(qu)之一(yi)(yi)。黃河水(shui)(shui)是(shi)最大(da)的(de)地表水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan),一(yi)(yi)般年(nian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)336.5億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi),全縣(xian)(xian)有(you)5大(da)干渠(qu),9條分干渠(qu),135條農渠(qu),密如蛛(zhu)網的(de)毛渠(qu)灌(guan)溉(gai)著(zhu)全縣(xian)(xian)土地,每年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地下水(shui)(shui)埋藏(zang)在第四(si)紀沉積(ji)層中,一(yi)(yi)般埋深0.5~3.2m之間,含水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160m,礦化度低于3g/L。充(chong)足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為五原(yuan)(yuan)黃柿子提供了良好的(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)條件,而且水(shui)(shui)量(liang)充(chong)沛,無工業(ye)污染。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:五原縣屬中溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海拔高度1102.7m,具有(you)光(guang)能豐富、日(ri)照(zhao)充足、晝夜(ye)溫差大(da)、降雨(yu)量(liang)少而集(ji)中的(de)特(te)點。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫7.0℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向較多。全年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)3192.5h,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)百(bai)分率72%,太陽(yang)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻射總數(shu)(shu)153.439kcal/平(ping)方厘(li)米,無(wu)霜期117~136天。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)169mm,降水集(ji)中在夏秋(qiu)兩(liang)季。年(nian)際降水量(liang)變化大(da)。年(nian)蒸發量(liang)2067.8mm,是降雨(yu)量(liang)的(de)11.5倍,屬半干(gan)旱類(lei)型。獨(du)特(te)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件,適宜黃(huang)柿子(zi)的(de)生(sheng)長發育,并(bing)且(qie)遠離污(wu)染,產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質優,是國家和自治區重要的(de)綠色農畜產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地。
4、農業環境質(zhi)量五原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬于(yu)欠發(fa)達(da)地區(qu),主要以農業經濟為主,處于(yu)草原(yuan)(yuan)和沙(sha)漠的包圍之中,基本(ben)上屬于(yu)無污染地區(qu)。據環保部門測定:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣的大氣(qi)綜(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)=0.56,屬一(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)水平,說明(ming)空(kong)氣(qi)清潔(jie),未被污染。土壤綜(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)=0.78,屬二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)清潔(jie)標準(zhun),基本(ben)未受到污染。灌溉用(yong)水綜(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)=0.72,屬二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)清潔(jie)標準(zhun)。綜(zong)上所述,五原(yuan)(yuan)縣的大氣(qi)、土壤、水質(zhi)等環境質(zhi)量十分有利于(yu)發(fa)展生態農業。
三.地域范圍
五(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)位(wei)于內蒙古自治區(qu)西部(bu)巴彥淖爾市,南鄰黃河,北靠陰(yin)山,東西分別與烏(wu)拉特前旗和臨河區(qu)接壤(rang),東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西長約(yue)62.5公(gong)里,南北寬約(yue)40公(gong)里。地(di)(di)處河套平原(yuan)腹地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢平坦,土地(di)(di)坡降僅為八千分之一。110國(guo)道、京藏高速和包蘭(lan)鐵路(lu)全境(jing)通(tong)過。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行政村,774個(ge)社,總(zong)人口30.3萬人,總(zong)戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農業(ye)人口21萬,有(you)勞(lao)動力10萬人。五(wu)原(yuan)黃柿子地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍總(zong)生產面積(ji)200公(gong)頃(qing),年總(zong)產量(liang)7500噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
產品(pin)外在感觀特(te)征:五(wu)原黃(huang)柿子屬(shu)茄科,是我(wo)縣(xian)的(de)地方(fang)特(te)色品(pin)種(zhong),該品(pin)種(zhong)平均(jun)果重200~250g左右,顏色金黃(huang),個大(da)肉厚、含水量少、沙(sha)甜可口(kou)、營養豐富,深受廣大(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者青(qing)睞(lai)。近年來,隨(sui)著我(wo)縣(xian)設(she)施農業(ye)的(de)快速發展,溫(wen)室黃(huang)柿子種(zhong)植(zhi)規模不斷(duan)擴大(da),而且產品(pin)質(zhi)量好,種(zhong)植(zhi)效益(yi)高(gao),成為增加菜農收(shou)入的(de)新興產業(ye)。
產(chan)品內在品質特性:五原黃柿子營養豐富,經檢測,維生素C含量(liang)20-30mg/100g,可(ke)溶性固形物含量(liang)為2-6%,總酸(suan)(以檸檬酸(suan)計)含量(liang)為0.4-0.65g/100g,產(chan)品有促進消化、抑(yi)制多種細菌作用。