一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位(wei)于(yu)舉世聞名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)(he)套米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)2400年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久(jiu)歷史和積淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua),漢武(wu)帝時(shi)期,因(yin)九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改(gai)為五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名(ming)(ming),1912年(nian)正式建縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)至(zhi)今。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)蒙恬北筑(zhu)長城、衛青(qing)抗擊匈奴、詩人(ren)(ren)李白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔(shuo)雪亂邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春色(se)歸(gui)來遲,二月(yue)垂楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近代史上,被當地(di)老百姓稱為“人(ren)(ren)間河(he)(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方紳士王同(tong)春修渠治水,墾(ken)荒置田(tian),首(shou)開(kai)(kai)河(he)(he)套大(da)(da)規模發展農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河(he)(he),使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)為土(tu)地(di)肥沃、氣候宜人(ren)(ren)、水渠縱橫(heng)、旱澇保收的(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外江南”。現代史上,有(you)馮玉祥將軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作義將軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)(ming)遐邇(er)。據《內蒙古自治區(qu)農(nong)(nong)作物種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)志》記載,1936年(nian)西紅(hong)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)傳入(ru)我(wo)區(qu),我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)從60-70年(nian)代開(kai)(kai)始種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi),是多(duo)年(nian)流傳下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土(tu)品種(zhong)(zhong),具(ju)(ju)曾任(ren)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜(cai)辦主任(ren)現其田(tian)莊園總經(jing)(jing)理郭子(zi)義及具(ju)(ju)有(you)多(duo)年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)張培(pei)(pei)、張書發等(deng)介紹(shao),黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)最初是由五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)大(da)(da)戶(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong),因(yin)其顏色(se)金黃(huang)(huang),口感好,從此在周圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)村社中(zhong)推廣(guang)(guang)開(kai)(kai)來,黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)最初只是當地(di)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)分散(san)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就近供應。近幾年(nian)隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao),因(yin)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)果實(shi)個(ge)大(da)(da)肉厚、含水量(liang)少、沙甜可口、營養豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)品質,受到廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)消費者青(qing)睞(lai),逐漸發展成(cheng)(cheng)為具(ju)(ju)有(you)較強影(ying)響力的(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品。隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設施農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發展,溫室黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大(da)(da),而且(qie)產(chan)品質量(liang)好,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效益(yi)高(gao),成(cheng)(cheng)為增加(jia)菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)產(chan)業。目前,我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)反季節(jie)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以溫室生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)為主,塑料大(da)(da)棚種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為輔,產(chan)品上市時(shi)間從4月(yue)中(zhong)旬一直延續到翌(yi)年(nian)元(yuan)月(yue),基本(ben)實(shi)現了(le)周年(nian)供應,經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)和社會效益(yi)十(shi)分顯著(zhu)(zhu)。溫室栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)平(ping)均(jun)畝(mu)收入(ru)4-6萬元(yuan),最高(gao)可達8萬元(yuan),大(da)(da)棚栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)平(ping)均(jun)畝(mu)效益(yi)達1.5萬元(yuan)。近年(nian)來,通過采取提高(gao)棚室質量(liang)、示范推廣(guang)(guang)先(xian)進(jin)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)管理技術等(deng)措施,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效益(yi)穩步增加(jia),菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積極性(xing)空前高(gao)漲(zhang),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積現已(yi)達3000余畝(mu),產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)(ming)度和影(ying)響力不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大(da)(da),黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:巴(ba)彥(yan)淖爾市地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)簡稱“一(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩原(yuan)”。以陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)界(jie)大體可分為(wei)(wei)三大區域(yu):陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)以北是(shi)以荒漠(mo)半荒漠(mo)為(wei)(wei)主的烏拉(la)特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di),陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓至黃(huang)(huang)河(he)北岸為(wei)(wei)河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處于(yu)河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型主要有灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)新積土(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的主要耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是(shi)灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu),其表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤(rang)質灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕(geng)作性好,含鉀量高,對黃(huang)(huang)柿子的生長非(fei)常有利。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):五原縣(xian)水(shui)源(yuan)充沛(pei)(pei),灌溉(gai)便(bian)利。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)流經河(he)套(tao)平原345公(gong)里,年(nian)徑流總量315億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。地下(xia)水(shui)開采量達18億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。河(he)套(tao)灌區(qu)(qu)由黃(huang)(huang)河(he)三盛公(gong)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)自流引(yin)水(shui)灌溉(gai),每年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)量10-11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,是(shi)(shi)亞洲最大(da)的(de)一(yi)首(shou)制自流引(yin)水(shui)灌區(qu)(qu),也是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國三大(da)灌區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)水(shui)是(shi)(shi)最大(da)的(de)地表水(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般年(nian)流量336.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,全(quan)縣(xian)有5大(da)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu),9條(tiao)(tiao)分干(gan)(gan)渠(qu),135條(tiao)(tiao)農渠(qu),密(mi)如蛛(zhu)網(wang)的(de)毛渠(qu)灌溉(gai)著全(quan)縣(xian)土地,每年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)量10~11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。地下(xia)水(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉(chen)積層中,一(yi)般埋深0.5~3.2m之(zhi)間,含水(shui)厚度30~160m,礦化度低于3g/L。充足的(de)水(shui)資源(yuan)為五原黃(huang)(huang)柿子提供了良(liang)好的(de)灌溉(gai)條(tiao)(tiao)件,而且水(shui)量充沛(pei)(pei),無工業(ye)污染(ran)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:五原縣屬中(zhong)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),平均(jun)海(hai)拔高度1102.7m,具有光(guang)能豐富(fu)、日照充足、晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)大(da)、降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)少而(er)集中(zhong)的特點。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)7.0℃,平均(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向較(jiao)多。全年(nian)(nian)日照時數3192.5h,平均(jun)日照百分(fen)率72%,太陽年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)輻射總數153.439kcal/平方厘米,無霜期117~136天。平均(jun)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)169mm,降(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)在夏秋兩季。年(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)化大(da)。年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2067.8mm,是降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的11.5倍,屬半干(gan)旱類(lei)型。獨(du)特的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件,適宜黃柿(shi)子的生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu),并(bing)且遠離(li)污(wu)染,產品品質(zhi)優(you),是國(guo)家和(he)自治區重(zhong)要的綠色農畜產品生(sheng)產基地。
4、農業(ye)(ye)環(huan)境(jing)質量五原(yuan)縣屬(shu)(shu)于欠發達地(di)區,主要(yao)以農業(ye)(ye)經濟為主,處(chu)于草原(yuan)和沙漠(mo)的包圍之中,基(ji)本上屬(shu)(shu)于無污染(ran)地(di)區。據環(huan)保部(bu)門測(ce)定(ding):五原(yuan)縣的大氣(qi)(qi)綜(zong)合指(zhi)(zhi)數P綜(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)(shu)一級(ji)(ji)水平,說明空氣(qi)(qi)清潔(jie),未被污染(ran)。土壤綜(zong)合指(zhi)(zhi)數P綜(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)(shu)二(er)級(ji)(ji)清潔(jie)標準,基(ji)本未受到污染(ran)。灌溉用水綜(zong)合指(zhi)(zhi)數P綜(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)(shu)二(er)級(ji)(ji)清潔(jie)標準。綜(zong)上所述,五原(yuan)縣的大氣(qi)(qi)、土壤、水質等環(huan)境(jing)質量十分有利于發展生態農業(ye)(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位于(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)西(xi)部巴彥淖爾市,南(nan)(nan)鄰黃河,北靠(kao)陰山,東西(xi)分別與烏拉特前旗和臨河區(qu)接壤,東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西(xi)長(chang)約(yue)62.5公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)約(yue)40公(gong)里。地(di)處河套(tao)平原腹地(di),地(di)勢平坦,土(tu)地(di)坡降僅為八千分之一(yi)。110國(guo)道、京藏高速和包(bao)蘭鐵(tie)路全境通過(guo)。轄9個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮,117個(ge)行政村,774個(ge)社,總人口(kou)30.3萬(wan)人,總戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農業人口(kou)21萬(wan),有勞動力10萬(wan)人。五原黃柿子地(di)理標志地(di)域保護范圍總生產(chan)面積200公(gong)頃,年總產(chan)量7500噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
產品(pin)外在感(gan)觀特征(zheng):五原黃柿子屬(shu)茄科(ke),是我縣的(de)地方特色品(pin)種(zhong),該品(pin)種(zhong)平均(jun)果重200~250g左右,顏(yan)色金黃,個大(da)肉厚、含水(shui)量少、沙甜可口、營(ying)養豐富(fu),深受廣大(da)消費者青睞。近年來,隨著我縣設施(shi)農業(ye)的(de)快速發(fa)展,溫室(shi)黃柿子種(zhong)植規(gui)模不斷擴大(da),而且產品(pin)質(zhi)量好,種(zhong)植效(xiao)益(yi)高,成為(wei)增加菜農收入的(de)新興產業(ye)。
產品內在品質特(te)性:五原(yuan)黃柿子(zi)營養豐(feng)富,經檢(jian)測,維生(sheng)素(su)C含(han)(han)量20-30mg/100g,可溶性固(gu)形物含(han)(han)量為2-6%,總(zong)酸(suan)(以檸檬酸(suan)計)含(han)(han)量為0.4-0.65g/100g,產品有(you)促進消(xiao)化、抑(yi)制多種細菌作用。