一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣位于舉世聞(wen)(wen)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)“八百里河(he)套米糧川”的(de)河(he)套平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)2400年(nian)的(de)悠久歷史和積(ji)(ji)(ji)淀深厚的(de)文化,漢武(wu)帝時(shi)期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名(ming)(ming)(ming),1912年(nian)正式建縣至今。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)蒙(meng)恬北筑長城、衛青抗擊匈(xiong)奴(nu)、詩人(ren)李白(bai)“迢迢五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪(xue)亂邊花”的(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)句(ju),張敬忠的(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春色歸來(lai)(lai)遲,二月(yue)(yue)垂楊(yang)未掛絲”的(de)詠誦。近(jin)代史上(shang),被當(dang)地(di)老(lao)百姓稱(cheng)為(wei)“人(ren)間河(he)神(shen)”的(de)地(di)方紳士王(wang)同(tong)春修渠治水,墾荒置(zhi)田,首(shou)開(kai)河(he)套大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)發(fa)展農業(ye)(ye)的(de)先河(he),使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成為(wei)土地(di)肥沃、氣候宜人(ren)、水渠縱橫、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)“塞外江南”。現(xian)代史上(shang),有(you)(you)(you)(you)馮玉祥(xiang)將軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師(shi)、傅作(zuo)(zuo)義(yi)將軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰(zhan),更使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)(wen)名(ming)(ming)(ming)遐邇。據(ju)《內蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區(qu)農作(zuo)(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)志(zhi)》記(ji)載,1936年(nian)西紅柿傳入(ru)我(wo)(wo)區(qu),我(wo)(wo)縣從60-70年(nian)代開(kai)始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃柿子(zi)(zi),是多(duo)年(nian)流傳下來(lai)(lai)的(de)鄉土品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具曾任五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜(cai)辦主任現(xian)其(qi)田莊園總(zong)經(jing)(jing)理(li)郭子(zi)(zi)義(yi)及具有(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)驗的(de)農民張培、張書發(fa)等介紹,黃柿子(zi)(zi)最(zui)初是由五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣農田大(da)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成功,因其(qi)顏色金黃,口感好(hao),從此在周圍的(de)村社中推廣開(kai)來(lai)(lai),黃柿子(zi)(zi)最(zui)初只是當(dang)地(di)農民分(fen)(fen)散種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就(jiu)近(jin)供應。近(jin)幾年(nian)隨著經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展和人(ren)民生(sheng)活水平的(de)提高,因黃柿子(zi)(zi)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)果實個大(da)肉厚、含水量少、沙(sha)甜(tian)可口、營(ying)養豐富的(de)品(pin)質,受(shou)到(dao)廣大(da)消費者青睞,逐漸發(fa)展成為(wei)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較強影(ying)響(xiang)力(li)的(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣特(te)(te)色農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。隨著我(wo)(wo)縣設施農業(ye)(ye)的(de)快速發(fa)展,溫室(shi)黃柿子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)不斷擴大(da),而且產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量好(hao),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)高,成為(wei)增加菜(cai)農收(shou)入(ru)的(de)新興產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。目前,我(wo)(wo)縣反(fan)季節黃柿子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以溫室(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)為(wei)主,塑(su)料大(da)棚(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)上(shang)市時(shi)間從4月(yue)(yue)中旬一直延續到(dao)翌年(nian)元(yuan)月(yue)(yue),基本實現(xian)了(le)周年(nian)供應,經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)和社會效(xiao)益(yi)十分(fen)(fen)顯著。溫室(shi)栽培平均畝收(shou)入(ru)4-6萬(wan)元(yuan),最(zui)高可達8萬(wan)元(yuan),大(da)棚(peng)(peng)栽培平均畝效(xiao)益(yi)達1.5萬(wan)元(yuan)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)(lai),通過采(cai)取提高棚(peng)(peng)室(shi)質量、示范推廣先進栽培管理(li)技術等措(cuo)施,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)穩步(bu)增加,菜(cai)農種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)極性空前高漲,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)現(xian)已達3000余畝,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)知名(ming)(ming)(ming)度和影(ying)響(xiang)力(li)不斷擴大(da),黃柿子(zi)(zi)已成為(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣特(te)(te)色農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:巴彥(yan)淖(nao)爾市(shi)地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)簡稱“一山兩原(yuan)(yuan)”。以(yi)陰(yin)山為(wei)界大(da)體可分為(wei)三大(da)區域:陰(yin)山以(yi)北是以(yi)荒(huang)(huang)漠半荒(huang)(huang)漠為(wei)主的(de)烏拉特草原(yuan)(yuan),中部為(wei)陰(yin)山山地(di),陰(yin)山南麓至黃河北岸為(wei)河套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),五原(yuan)(yuan)縣就(jiu)處于河套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)內,土(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要(yao)有灌淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)、鹽土(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)、堿(jian)土(tu)、潮土(tu)和(he)新積土(tu)。灌區的(de)主要(yao)耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)土(tu)壤(rang)是灌淤(yu)(yu)土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)壤(rang)質灌淤(yu)(yu)層(ceng),耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)性好,含鉀量高(gao),對黃柿(shi)子的(de)生(sheng)長非常有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:五原縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)源充沛,灌(guan)溉便利。黃(huang)(huang)河流經河套(tao)平(ping)原345公(gong)里,年徑流總量(liang)315億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)達18億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。河套(tao)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)由黃(huang)(huang)河三盛公(gong)水(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉,每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,是(shi)(shi)亞洲最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)一(yi)首制自流引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu),也是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)三大(da)(da)(da)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)。黃(huang)(huang)河水(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源,一(yi)般(ban)年流量(liang)336.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,全縣(xian)(xian)有5大(da)(da)(da)干渠,9條分(fen)干渠,135條農渠,密如蛛(zhu)網的(de)毛渠灌(guan)溉著全縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)地(di),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉積層中(zhong),一(yi)般(ban)埋深0.5~3.2m之間,含水(shui)(shui)厚度(du)30~160m,礦化度(du)低于3g/L。充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源為五原黃(huang)(huang)柿子提供了良好的(de)灌(guan)溉條件,而(er)且水(shui)(shui)量(liang)充沛,無工業污染。
3、氣候(hou)(hou)(hou)情況:五原縣屬(shu)中(zhong)溫帶大陸性(xing)氣候(hou)(hou)(hou),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海拔高度1102.7m,具有光能豐富、日(ri)照充足、晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫差大、降(jiang)(jiang)雨量少而集中(zhong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速(su)2.6m/s,東北風(feng)向較(jiao)多。全年(nian)日(ri)照時數3192.5h,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照百分率72%,太(tai)陽(yang)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)輻射總數153.439kcal/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,無(wu)霜(shuang)期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量169mm,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在(zai)夏秋兩季。年(nian)際降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量變(bian)化大。年(nian)蒸(zheng)發量2067.8mm,是降(jiang)(jiang)雨量的(de)(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干旱類型。獨特的(de)(de)氣候(hou)(hou)(hou)條件(jian),適宜黃柿子的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育,并且(qie)遠離(li)污染,產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質優,是國家和自治(zhi)區重要的(de)(de)綠色(se)農(nong)畜產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)基地。
4、農(nong)業(ye)環境質量五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)(shu)于欠發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu),主要以農(nong)業(ye)經濟為主,處于草原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和沙漠(mo)的包圍之中,基(ji)本(ben)上屬(shu)(shu)于無污染(ran)地(di)區(qu)。據環保部門(men)測(ce)定:五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣的大氣綜(zong)合指(zhi)數P綜(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)(shu)一級(ji)(ji)水(shui)平,說明空氣清(qing)潔(jie)(jie),未(wei)被污染(ran)。土壤綜(zong)合指(zhi)數P綜(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)(shu)二級(ji)(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)標準,基(ji)本(ben)未(wei)受到污染(ran)。灌溉用水(shui)綜(zong)合指(zhi)數P綜(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)(shu)二級(ji)(ji)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)標準。綜(zong)上所(suo)述,五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣的大氣、土壤、水(shui)質等環境質量十分有利于發(fa)展生態農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣位于內蒙(meng)古自(zi)治區(qu)西(xi)(xi)部巴彥淖爾市,南鄰(lin)黃河,北靠(kao)陰山(shan),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)別與烏拉特前旗(qi)和臨河區(qu)接壤,東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)約(yue)62.5公(gong)里,南北寬約(yue)40公(gong)里。地(di)處河套平原(yuan)(yuan)腹地(di),地(di)勢平坦,土地(di)坡降(jiang)僅為八千分(fen)(fen)之一。110國(guo)道、京藏高速和包蘭鐵路全境通(tong)過。轄(xia)9個鄉(xiang)鎮,117個行政村,774個社,總人(ren)口30.3萬(wan)人(ren),總戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其(qi)中農(nong)業人(ren)口21萬(wan),有勞動力10萬(wan)人(ren)。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)黃柿子地(di)理標志地(di)域保護范圍總生產面積200公(gong)頃(qing),年總產量(liang)7500噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
產(chan)品外在感觀特征(zheng):五原黃(huang)柿子屬茄(qie)科,是我縣(xian)的地方特色品種(zhong),該品種(zhong)平均(jun)果重200~250g左右,顏色金黃(huang),個(ge)大肉厚、含水量(liang)少(shao)、沙甜可口、營(ying)養豐富,深受廣大消(xiao)費者青睞。近年來(lai),隨著我縣(xian)設施農(nong)業的快速(su)發展,溫室黃(huang)柿子種(zhong)植規(gui)模不斷擴大,而(er)且產(chan)品質量(liang)好,種(zhong)植效益(yi)高(gao),成為增加菜農(nong)收入的新興產(chan)業。
產(chan)品(pin)內在(zai)品(pin)質特性(xing):五原黃(huang)柿子營養(yang)豐富,經檢測,維生素C含量(liang)(liang)20-30mg/100g,可溶性(xing)固形(xing)物含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)2-6%,總酸(以檸檬酸計)含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)0.4-0.65g/100g,產(chan)品(pin)有促進消(xiao)化、抑(yi)制多種細菌(jun)作用。