一.產品介紹
五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)舉世聞名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百(bai)里(li)河(he)套(tao)(tao)米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)套(tao)(tao)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠(you)久歷史和積(ji)(ji)淀(dian)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua),漢武帝時期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改為五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而(er)得名,1912年(nian)正式(shi)建縣(xian)(xian)至今。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)(you)蒙恬北筑(zhu)長城、衛(wei)青(qing)抗擊匈奴、詩人(ren)李白(bai)“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂(luan)邊(bian)花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)春色歸來遲(chi),二月(yue)垂楊(yang)未掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近(jin)代史上(shang),被當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)老百(bai)姓稱為“人(ren)間河(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方紳士王同春修渠治水,墾荒置田(tian),首開(kai)河(he)套(tao)(tao)大(da)(da)規模發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河(he),使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為土地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃(wo)、氣候(hou)宜(yi)人(ren)、水渠縱橫、旱澇(lao)保收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外(wai)(wai)江南(nan)”。現代史上(shang),有(you)(you)馮玉(yu)祥將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作義(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)聞名遐邇。20世紀八十年(nian)代,我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)就(jiu)開(kai)始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)燈籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua),但因其(qi)果皮(pi)(pi)較(jiao)薄,不耐貯運(yun),產量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)低,而(er)且當(dang)(dang)時交通還不太發(fa)(fa)達(da),無法長途運(yun)輸,比較(jiao)效益較(jiao)低,所以只是(shi)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)農民分散種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),就(jiu)近(jin)供應(ying)。但同時也因為我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)具有(you)(you)光能豐(feng)富(fu)、日照充(chong)足、晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da)、降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)少而(er)集中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)特點,主要耕作土壤是(shi)灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)土,其(qi)表土層為壤質(zhi)灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)層,耕作性好,含鉀量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao),對糖和淀(dian)粉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)累非常(chang)有(you)(you)利,適合燈籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)生產出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)皮(pi)(pi)薄肉(rou)厚、香(xiang)(xiang)脆爽甜,營養豐(feng)富(fu),深受(shou)廣(guang)大(da)(da)消費者青(qing)睞,當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)稱“藏不住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)”,所以品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也一直流(liu)傳下(xia)來。近(jin)年(nian)來由(you)于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)政府對縣(xian)(xian)域特色經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視,我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)設施農業得到了快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),燈籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)式(shi)不斷優(you)化(hua),由(you)原(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)露地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)為溫(wen)(wen)室、大(da)(da)中小拱(gong)棚(peng)、露地(di)(di)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)現已(yi)達(da)200余公頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規模不斷擴大(da)(da)。產品供應(ying)從4月(yue)份至11月(yue)份貨源不斷,暢銷(xiao)區內外(wai)(wai),知名度和影響力不斷擴大(da)(da),特別是(shi)晏(yan)安和橋(qiao)燈籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)成(cheng)為遠近(jin)聞名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知名品牌。隨著燈籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)栽培(pei)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷創新,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)效益不斷提高(gao),大(da)(da)棚(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)畝(mu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)8000—12000元(yuan),最高(gao)可達(da)2萬元(yuan);溫(wen)(wen)室種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)畝(mu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)3—4萬元(yuan),最高(gao)可達(da)6萬元(yuan)。
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:巴彥淖爾市地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌簡稱“一山兩原”。以(yi)陰(yin)(yin)山為(wei)界大體可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)三大區域:陰(yin)(yin)山以(yi)北(bei)(bei)是以(yi)荒漠半荒漠為(wei)主(zhu)的烏拉特草原,中部(bu)為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山山地(di)(di),陰(yin)(yin)山南麓至黃河(he)北(bei)(bei)岸為(wei)河(he)套平原,五原縣就(jiu)處(chu)于河(he)套平原內,土(tu)(tu)壤類型主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有灌(guan)淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和新積土(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)耕作土(tu)(tu)壤是灌(guan)淤(yu)土(tu)(tu),其(qi)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)層為(wei)壤質灌(guan)淤(yu)層,耕作性好(hao),含(han)鉀量高,對糖和淀(dian)粉的積累非常(chang)有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:五(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充沛,灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)便利。黃(huang)河(he)流(liu)(liu)經河(he)套平原(yuan)345公(gong)里,年(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)315億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)達18億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。河(he)套灌(guan)(guan)區由黃(huang)河(he)三(san)盛公(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,是亞洲最(zui)大(da)(da)的一(yi)首(shou)制自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)區,也(ye)是全(quan)國三(san)大(da)(da)灌(guan)(guan)區之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是最(zui)大(da)(da)的地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般(ban)年(nian)(nian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)336.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,全(quan)縣(xian)有5大(da)(da)干(gan)渠,9條分(fen)干(gan)渠,135條農(nong)渠,密(mi)如蛛網的毛渠灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)著(zhu)全(quan)縣(xian)土地(di),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋藏(zang)在(zai)第四紀沉積層(ceng)中,一(yi)般(ban)埋深0.5~3.2m之(zhi)(zhi)間,含水(shui)(shui)(shui)厚度(du)(du)30~160米,礦化度(du)(du)低于3g/L。充足的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為五(wu)原(yuan)燈籠紅香瓜提供了良好的灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)條件,而且水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)充沛,無工(gong)業污染。
3、氣(qi)候情(qing)況:五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)候,平(ping)均海拔(ba)高度1102.7米,具有光能(neng)豐富、日(ri)照充足、晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da)、降(jiang)雨量(liang)少而集中(zhong)(zhong)的特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)均風(feng)速2.6米/秒,東北風(feng)向較多。全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)(shu)3192.5小(xiao)時(shi),平(ping)均日(ri)照百分(fen)率(lv)72%,太陽年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均輻(fu)射總數(shu)(shu)153.439kcal/平(ping)方厘(li)米,無霜期(qi)117~136天。平(ping)均年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)169㎜,降(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)(zhong)在夏秋兩季。年(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)變化大(da)(da)。年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)量(liang)2067.8㎜,是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)雨量(liang)的11.5倍,屬(shu)半干(gan)旱(han)類型。獨特(te)的氣(qi)候條件,適宜(yi)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)燈(deng)籠紅香瓜的生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)育,并(bing)且(qie)遠(yuan)離污染,產(chan)品品質(zhi)優,是(shi)(shi)國家和自治(zhi)區(qu)重(zhong)要(yao)的綠色農(nong)畜(chu)產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)。 4、農(nong)業環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣屬(shu)于(yu)欠發(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)地(di)(di)區(qu),主要(yao)以農(nong)業經濟為(wei)主,處于(yu)草原(yuan)(yuan)和沙漠的包圍之中(zhong)(zhong),基本上屬(shu)于(yu)無污染地(di)(di)區(qu)。據(ju)環保部(bu)門測定:五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣的大(da)(da)氣(qi)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水(shui)平(ping),說明空氣(qi)清潔(jie)(jie)(jie),未被污染。土(tu)壤綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清潔(jie)(jie)(jie)標準,基本未受到污染。灌溉用水(shui)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清潔(jie)(jie)(jie)標準。綜(zong)(zong)(zong)上所(suo)述(shu),五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣的大(da)(da)氣(qi)、土(tu)壤、水(shui)質(zhi)等(deng)環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)十分(fen)有利于(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展生(sheng)態農(nong)業。
三.地域范圍
五原縣(xian)(xian)位于內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)西(xi)部巴(ba)彥淖爾(er)市,南鄰黃河(he),北靠(kao)陰山,東西(xi)分(fen)別與烏拉特前旗和臨河(he)區(qu)接壤,東經(jing)107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″,東西(xi)長約62.5公里,南北寬約40公里,地處河(he)套(tao)平原腹地,地勢平坦,土地坡降(jiang)僅為八千分(fen)之一,110國(guo)道、京藏(zang)高速和包蘭(lan)鐵路全境通過。全縣(xian)(xian)轄9個鄉(xiang)鎮,117個行政村,774個社,總人(ren)口(kou)30.3萬(wan)人(ren),總戶數52978戶,其中農業人(ren)口(kou)21萬(wan),有勞動力10萬(wan)人(ren),總耕地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)230萬(wan)畝。五原燈籠紅(hong)香瓜總生產面(mian)(mian)積(ji)200公頃,年總產量4000噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
產(chan)品外在感觀特(te)征:五原燈籠(long)(long)紅香瓜(gua)屬葫蘆科,是我(wo)縣的地(di)方特(te)色品種,因其外型酷(ku)像燈籠(long)(long),故流(liu)傳至今譽稱為燈籠(long)(long)紅香瓜(gua),該品種平均(jun)果(guo)重400 g左右,果(guo)皮灰綠,皮薄肉厚(hou)、香脆爽甜,營養豐富,深受廣大消費者青睞。
產(chan)品內在(zai)品質特性:五原(yuan)燈籠紅(hong)香瓜果實營養豐(feng)富,經檢(jian)測(ce),維生素C含(han)量(liang)為(wei)22-32mg/100g,含(han)鉀量(liang)為(wei)150-200mg/100g,可溶性固(gu)形物含(han)量(liang)為(wei)8-14/%,能量(liang)為(wei)140-200kj/100g。產(chan)品有(you)促進消(xiao)化、抑(yi)制多種(zhong)細菌作(zuo)用(yong)。