產地環境
烏蘭察布市處(chu)于內蒙古(gu)自治區中部(bu),屬中國北(bei)部(bu)邊(bian)疆,位(wei)于東徑109°21′至(zhi)114°15′北(bei)緯39°30′至(zhi)43°50′,海(hai)拔高度1000—1500M,氣(qi)候(hou)冷涼,年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫2.5℃—6℃,日照充足(zu),≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)有效積溫在1800—2500℃之(zhi)間,無霜期110天(tian)左(zuo)右,晝(zhou)夜溫差大,年(nian)降(jiang)雨一般在300毫米(mi)左(zuo)右,多集中在六、七、八(ba)三個月,也正(zheng)是馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)生長季(ji)節,降(jiang)雨量占全(quan)年(nian)降(jiang)雨量的(de)(de)(de)70%左(zuo)右,雨熱(re)同(tong)季(ji)。土壤類型為栗鈣土,多呈沙性(xing)。以(yi)上氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點為馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)生長發育提供了得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)優越條(tiao)件。當(dang)地交通(tong)(tong)區位(wei)優勢明(ming)顯,京包、集通(tong)(tong)、集二、豐準及正(zheng)在開工建設的(de)(de)(de)集張(zhang)五條(tiao)鐵路貫穿全(quan)境,110國道、呼京高速、208國道、208高速、呼滿(man)通(tong)(tong)道貫通(tong)(tong)東西(xi)南北(bei),縣鄉級公路四通(tong)(tong)八(ba)達(da),是連接(jie)東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)三大經濟區的(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)(tong)樞紐(niu),是通(tong)(tong)往(wang)蒙古(gu)、俄(e)羅斯和歐洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)國際通(tong)(tong)道。方便的(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)(tong),為馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)(de)(de)外銷提供了較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。
品質特點
烏(wu)蘭(lan)察(cha)布馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you):克新一號(hao)(hao)、紫花(hua)白、大(da)西洋、夏波(bo)蒂、費烏(wu)瑞它(ta)、底西芮、早大(da)白、壩(ba)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十號(hao)(hao)、冀(ji)張薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)5號(hao)(hao)等。烏(wu)蘭(lan)察(cha)布優越的自然條件(jian),不但有(you)利于(yu)馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊莖(jing)膨大(da)、干物(wu)質(zhi)積累,與中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)其(qi)他省(sheng)區(qu)相比,嚴重危害馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的毀滅性晚疫病發(fa)生頻率低,傳毒蚜(ya)蟲少,因而生產的馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)及商(shang)品(pin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)質(zhi)量上(shang)乘,在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生產中(zhong)占有(you)較大(da)優勢。品(pin)質(zhi)特點(dian)是:馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊莖(jing)大(da)、表(biao)皮光滑、皮色好(hao)、整(zheng)齊度(du)高、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)好(hao)、干物(wu)質(zhi)含量高、無(wu)污(wu)染、退化輕、病蟲害少,種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和商(shang)品(pin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)享譽全(quan)國(guo)(guo)及東南亞市場。
生產情況
烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)察(cha)布(bu)市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)產(chan)品種(zhong)(zhong)類較多(duo),原來(lai)(lai)是一(yi)個(ge)典型的雜(za)糧區(qu),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)作物多(duo)少年(nian)一(yi)直是“多(duo)、雜(za)、亂”的局面,主(zhu)要(yao)有小麥、莜麥、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)、油料(liao)、蔬菜、雜(za)糧雜(za)豆等。長期以來(lai)(lai),單(dan)產(chan)不高,總(zong)產(chan)不穩(wen),效(xiao)益(yi)低下。20世紀(ji)90年(nian)代(dai)中,該市(shi)(shi)大(da)力調(diao)整(zheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)結構(gou),依(yi)托資源(yuan)優勢,因地制宜,大(da)力調(diao)整(zheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)結構(gou),初步形成了馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)、蔬菜和(he)飼用作物三大(da)主(zhu)導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)格局。1995年(nian)以前,全市(shi)(shi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)年(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)100—150萬(wan)畝,從1995年(nian)以后(hou)逐年(nian)擴大(da),到2006年(nian),達到400萬(wan)畝左右(you),總(zong)產(chan)鮮薯(shu)(shu)(shu)40億千(qian)克(ke)左右(you)(折糧8億千(qian)克(ke)左右(you)),占中國馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)的8%左右(you),成為烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)察(cha)布(bu)市(shi)(shi)的一(yi)項主(zhu)導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)。全市(shi)(shi)十一(yi)個(ge)旗縣市(shi)(shi)除集(ji)寧區(qu)以外,其它旗縣市(shi)(shi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)都達到30萬(wan)畝以上。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)成為農民脫(tuo)貧致富奔小康的支柱產(chan)業(ye)之一(yi)。
到2006年(nian),全市(shi)有馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)脫(tuo)毒組培(pei)室5處(市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子公司(si)、市(shi)農科(ke)所(suo)、福瑞特(te)薯(shu)業公司(si)、察(cha)右后旗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子公司(si)、興和縣扶貧(pin)辦),面積達1810平方(fang)米,具有年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)脫(tuo)毒瓶苗1040萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li),能全部滿(man)足(zu)全市(shi)溫(wen)室生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的需求。全市(shi)建成(cheng)標準化溫(wen)室22畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)扦插苗1000多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu),脫(tuo)毒小薯(shu)1800多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)粒。網室面積1250畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)原(yuan)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)189萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千克。原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田面積達到1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2250千克,一級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)田15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),二(er)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)田60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)已基本形成(cheng)從(cong)組培(pei)快繁、溫(wen)室扦插、網室栽培(pei)、原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)以及一、二(er)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)這樣(yang)一個完(wan)整體系。
為了進一步伸延馬鈴薯產業鏈條,提升加工轉化能力,各地通過各種形式興建(jian)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業,到2006年(nian)全(quan)市已經建(jian)成(cheng)大中型馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業十多家,主要有(you):富廣食品公司、奈倫(lun)集團(tuan)公司集寧(ning)精(jing)細(xi)化工(gong)(gong)分公司、興和飛馬集團(tuan)公司和各旗(qi)縣市區建(jian)成(cheng)的精(jing)淀(dian)粉(fen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠。加(jia)上遍布全(quan)市城(cheng)鄉的粉(fen)皮、粉(fen)條、粗(cu)淀(dian)粉(fen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)點1.2萬多個,年(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)轉化鮮薯(shu)可達10億千克左右。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的產品主要有(you):馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)全(quan)粉(fen)、精(jing)淀(dian)粉(fen)、變(bian)性(xing)(xing)淀(dian)粉(fen)、脫水(shui)性(xing)(xing)膳食纖維、粉(fen)條、粉(fen)皮等。
為(wei)了進一(yi)步促進銷(xiao)(xiao)售,各地紛紛組(zu)織(zhi)營銷(xiao)(xiao)協(xie)會和營銷(xiao)(xiao)合作組(zu)織(zhi),充分(fen)發(fa)揮橋梁和紐帶作用,全(quan)市成立馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)營銷(xiao)(xiao)協(xie)會20多(duo)個(ge),販(fan)運大(da)戶200多(duo)家(jia),參(can)與馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)營銷(xiao)(xiao)人員高峰期達到(dao)10多(duo)萬人。馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)除(chu)銷(xiao)(xiao)往國(guo)(guo)內的山東、山西、江蘇、云南、湖南、北京、天津、廣東、東北等20多(duo)個(ge)省市外(wai),還(huan)遠銷(xiao)(xiao)到(dao)俄(e)羅斯(si)、蒙(meng)古(gu)、韓國(guo)(guo)、馬(ma)(ma)來西亞(ya)、新加坡、香港、澳門(men)等多(duo)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)和地區。2009年(nian)3月,烏蘭察布市被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食品工業協(xie)會正(zheng)式(shi)命名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)之都”。