簡介
西芹又稱洋芹、美芹,是從歐洲引進的芹菜品種,植株緊湊粗大,葉柄寬厚,實心。質地脆嫩,有芳香氣味。可以分黃色種、綠色種和雜色種群三種。商都(dou)縣芹(qin)(qin)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產業(ye)起源于(yu)上(shang)個世紀(ji)50年(nian)代中期(qi)的(de)(de)集體(ti)制(zhi)時(shi)代,當時(shi)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)集體(ti)“菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)園(yuan)子”里種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部分為(wei)胡芹(qin)(qin),棵大(da)(da)(da)(da)但肉少莖多,后從張(zhang)家口壩上(shang)地區(qu)引進芹(qin)(qin)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),通(tong)過(guo)集體(ti)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)園(yuan)子的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)和培養(yang),芹(qin)(qin)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度提高(gao),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積也不斷(duan)增加,后來大(da)(da)(da)(da)集體(ti)制(zhi)撤銷,農戶們開始(shi)自己種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)芹(qin)(qin)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。西(xi)(xi)芹(qin)(qin)產業(ye)的(de)(de)壯大(da)(da)(da)(da)得益于(yu)10多年(nian)前的(de)(de)“菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籃子工(gong)程”和“進退還(huan)工(gong)程"的(de)(de)實施,這也使得我縣成為(wei)烏蘭察布市最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產縣,露地面(mian)積8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),其中西(xi)(xi)芹(qin)(qin)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產量31萬(wan)(wan)噸,是內蒙(meng)(meng)古最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)芹(qin)(qin)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地,被譽為(wei)“內蒙(meng)(meng)古西(xi)(xi)芹(qin)(qin)第一村”,并(bing)在2006年(nian)成功注(zhu)冊“水漩綠韻”蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)商標,被國(guo)家奧(ao)委會指定為(wei)2008年(nian)北京(jing)奧(ao)運會西(xi)(xi)芹(qin)(qin)供應基(ji)地之(zhi)一,并(bing)注(zhu)明國(guo)家奧(ao)林(lin)匹克體(ti)育中心專用(yong)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)字樣。
自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:商都縣境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)貌類(lei)型(xing)(xing)以(yi)淺山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵為主,占(zhan)總(zong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積的64%;山(shan)(shan)前沖積平(ping)(ping)原(yuan),占(zhan)總(zong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積34%。海拔在1300-1600米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)處內(nei)蒙古(gu)高原(yuan),境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)海拔平(ping)(ping)均為1400米(mi)(mi)。全(quan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)起(qi)伏(fu)不平(ping)(ping),西(xi)高東(dong)低,向東(dong)南(nan)方向傾斜(xie)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤絕大(da)部(bu)分屬(shu)栗鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其(qi)余為鹽堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),草(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),沼(zhao)澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。由于地(di)(di)處陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)西(xi)復雜(za)構造帶(dai)和(he)(he)大(da)興安嶺新華夏隆起(qi)帶(dai)的交匯處,所以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了多(duo)樣型(xing)(xing)的地(di)(di)貌,大(da)體分為緩坡丘(qiu)陵,淺山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵,山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di),河谷洼等地(di)(di)。整個地(di)(di)勢由西(xi)北向東(dong)南(nan)逐漸低下,西(xi)北多(duo)淺山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵,地(di)(di)勢較高,中(zhong)部(bu)多(duo)丘(qiu)陵,地(di)(di)勢次之(zhi),東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)多(duo)灘川(chuan),平(ping)(ping)原(yuan),地(di)(di)勢較低。全(quan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)淺山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的64%,灘川(chuan)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的34%。商都縣的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤屬(shu)中(zhong)溫(wen)帶(dai)半干旱典(dian)型(xing)(xing)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)栗鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)帶(dai)。全(quan)縣除(chu)部(bu)分隱城性土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤和(he)(he)極少數垂直(zhi)分布的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤外(wai),全(quan)屬(shu)栗鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)。
2、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:商(shang)都(dou)縣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱(han)大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),緯度偏北,海拔較(jiao)高(1275-1740米(mi)),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)冷涼(liang),日(ri)照充(chong)足(zu),雨熱同季(ji),干燥少雨,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),冷熱不(bu)均(jun)的(de)(de)特點。春(chun)季(ji)干旱(han)多風(feng),夏(xia)短雨量集中(zhong),秋季(ji)早旱(han)易凍(dong),冬(dong)季(ji)漫(man)長(chang)寒(han)冷。由于大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)透明(ming)度好、云(yun)量少等原因,光能(neng)資(zi)(zi)源十(shi)分豐富,日(ri)照時(shi)數為2970小時(shi),說明(ming)夏(xia)季(ji)日(ri)照時(shi)間長(chang),農作物(wu)生長(chang)季(ji)節日(ri)照充(chong)足(zu),可(ke)以充(chong)分滿足(zu)喜光作物(wu)的(de)(de)需要,產品(pin)品(pin)質好,纖維(wei)少,營(ying)養成分易于積累。全(quan)年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)僅3.1℃。冬(dong)季(ji)受強大(da)的(de)(de)冷高壓控制,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)干燥、嚴(yan)寒(han)少雪,1月(yue)最冷平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)達-14.9℃,極端最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為-34.7℃(1971年12月(yue)20日(ri)),夏(xia)季(ji)增(zeng)溫(wen)(wen)快,但(dan)很短暫,7月(yue)最熱平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為18.9℃,平(ping)均(jun)年較(jiao)差為33.8℃。所以,商(shang)都(dou)縣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)具有冬(dong)季(ji)漫(man)長(chang)嚴(yan)寒(han),夏(xia)季(ji)短促涼(liang)爽(shuang),春(chun)秋季(ji)變化劇烈的(de)(de)大(da)陸性(xing)顯著特點。全(quan)縣太陽年總(zong)輻射每平(ping)方厘米(mi)達136.25千卡,全(quan)國除西藏、西北和內蒙古西部地區(qu)外,光能(neng)資(zi)(zi)源最豐富的(de)(de)地區(qu),適宜(yi)西芹等冷涼(liang)蔬菜生長(chang)。
地域范圍
商(shang)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)屬內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區烏蘭(lan)察布市(shi),是烏蘭(lan)察布市(shi)最大的(de)蔬菜生產縣(xian)(xian),商(shang)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)小海(hai)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)被譽為(wei)“內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區西(xi)芹第一鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”,地(di)理座標為(wei)東(dong)徑(jing)113°08′—114°15′北(bei)(bei)緯41°18′—42°29′之間(jian)。地(di)處內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區中部(bu),烏蘭(lan)察布市(shi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),縣(xian)(xian)境北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與(yu)錫林郭勒盟的(de)蘇尼(ni)特右(you)旗(qi)(qi)和鑲(xiang)黃旗(qi)(qi)接壤,南部(bu)與(yu)興和縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)鄰,西(xi)依(yi)察哈爾(er)右(you)翼(yi)后旗(qi)(qi),東(dong)靠化德縣(xian)(xian)和河北(bei)(bei)省的(de)康保(bao),張北(bei)(bei),尚(shang)義縣(xian)(xian)。行(xing)政劃(hua)分為(wei)6鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)4鄉(xiang),213個(ge)村民委員會,694個(ge)村民小組。商(shang)都(dou)西(xi)芹保(bao)護(hu)地(di)域分布在七(qi)臺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、小海(hai)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、十(shi)八頃鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大黑沙(sha)土鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、玻璃忽鏡鄉(xiang)、屯(tun)墾隊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三大頃鄉(xiang)、卯都(dou)鄉(xiang)八個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),52個(ge)自(zi)然村范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei),保(bao)護(hu)規(gui)模(mo)為(wei)年產量31萬(wan)噸。
產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在(zai)感官特征:商都西芹(qin)葉片直(zhi)立(li),寬(kuan)3-4cm,多呈水晶狀。葉柄寬(kuan)大(da)肥厚,葉片較大(da),葉色濃綠(lv),葉柄上部為(wei)綠(lv)色,下(xia)部黃綠(lv)色,植株緊(jin)湊粗大(da),植株高(gao)70-80cm,根(gen)莖(jing)部為(wei)實心(xin),纖維少,品質(zhi)好。質(zhi)地脆(cui)嫩,味甘、苦、性(xing)涼,有芳(fang)香氣味。
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):商都西芹營養物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)參考范圍值:1.3g/100g≤蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)≤2.0g/100g;0.6g/100g≤碳水化(hua)合物≤2.0g/100g;2.0g/100g≤膳食纖維≤2.8g/100g;40mg/100g≤磷≤44mg/100g;0.08mg/100g≤VB2≤0.15mg/100g;8mg/100g≤VC≤11mg/100g;51mg/100g≤Ca≤54mg/100g;12mg/100g≤Mg≤16mg/100g。 獨(du)特的地(di)(di)理環(huan)境和(he)自然氣候造就了(le)其(qi)獨(du)特的品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。商都西芹含(han)有(you)(you)大量(liang)芹菜油和(he)鈣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可以補“腳(jiao)骨力”,具有(you)(you)健(jian)胃(wei)、利尿等療效(xiao),是(shi)一種(zhong)保健(jian)蔬菜。大多數(shu)地(di)(di)區主要食用葉(xie)柄(bing),實際上葉(xie)片中所含(han)的營養物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)葉(xie)柄(bing)要高得(de)多。實驗表明,芹菜有(you)(you)明顯的降壓作用,其(qi)持續時間隨食量(liang)增加而延長,并且還(huan)有(you)(you)鎮靜和(he)抗驚厥的功效(xiao)。