自(zi)然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:涼城縣地(di)(di)(di)處陰山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓(lu)蠻(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)系(xi),地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)歷史條件復雜。屬于集寧—張家口熔巖臺地(di)(di)(di)與(yu)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)原(yuan)區(qu),境(jing)內大(da)部分為(wei)低(di)而寬的嶺脊套著一(yi)(yi)個(ge)構造(zao)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)—岱(dai)(dai)(dai)海(hai)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)。總地(di)(di)(di)勢為(wei)四周山(shan)(shan)嶺高(gao),中間(jian)湖盆(pen)低(di),海(hai)拔1234m到2300m。主(zhu)要有中低(di)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)、陷落及(ji)(ji)凹拗(ao)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)原(yuan)四種地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)類型。北(bei)(bei)部是(shi)(shi)(shi)陰山(shan)(shan)支脈—蠻(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan),為(wei)西南(nan)(nan)—東(dong)北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向,山(shan)(shan)勢險陡;南(nan)(nan)部是(shi)(shi)(shi)陰山(shan)(shan)支脈—馬(ma)頭山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)勢平(ping)緩(huan)而寬;西南(nan)(nan)部、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部是(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)伏連綿的丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)帶,接蠻(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)、馬(ma)頭山(shan)(shan);中部是(shi)(shi)(shi)西南(nan)(nan)—東(dong)北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向的沖擊平(ping)原(yuan)——岱(dai)(dai)(dai)海(hai)灘,地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,平(ping)原(yuan)底部是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)面積(ji)較大(da)的內陸湖——岱(dai)(dai)(dai)海(hai)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)絕(jue)大(da)部分屬栗(li)鈣土(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu),占土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)的98.5%,結構較好,土(tu)(tu)層在(zai)150cm以上(shang),耕層有機質(zhi)含(han)量1.28%。灰(hui)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我縣的一(yi)(yi)個(ge)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)垂直帶主(zhu)要土(tu)(tu)壤(rang),分布在(zai)西北(bei)(bei)部、北(bei)(bei)部和南(nan)(nan)部中低(di)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)及(ji)(ji)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)帶,海(hai)拔高(gao)程山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)1600-2300m之間(jian),丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)及(ji)(ji)洪積(ji)裙地(di)(di)(di)帶一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)1300-1500m之間(jian),南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)緩(huan),北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)陡,切割深度一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)50-350m之間(jian),其下界與(yu)栗(li)鈣土(tu)(tu)、栗(li)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)相接。
2、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:涼城縣地處中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu),屬干(gan)旱(han)和半濕(shi)潤交錯帶(dai)。其特(te)征是:冬(dong)季(ji)漫長寒冷,多風而(er)(er)干(gan)燥;夏季(ji)短促,雨水集中而(er)(er)濕(shi)熱;春秋天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多變(bian)而(er)(er)劇(ju)烈(lie)。全(quan)(quan)縣各地年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為2-5℃,無霜(shuang)期80-125d,年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)350-450mm,年蒸發量(liang)1938mm。光(guang)能資源較豐富,全(quan)(quan)年平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照為3026.7小時。在(zai)作物生長期,平(ping)均(jun)每天太陽(yang)實(shi)際照射8.9小時,因此作物有(you)充足的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)照。全(quan)(quan)年有(you)七個月(yue),平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度在(zai)0℃以上(shang),此期間溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化范圍(wei)6.2-20.5℃之間,是熱量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)集中期。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)年較差(cha)33.6℃,各月(yue)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)日(ri)(ri)較差(cha)12.1-15.5℃,平(ping)均(jun)13.7℃,四(si)五月(yue)最(zui)大,八月(yue)最(zui)小,大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候明顯(xian)。由于特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)地理位置(zhi),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候狀(zhuang)況及土壤(rang)環境的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),種植出的(de)(de)(de)123蘋(pin)(pin)果品質優良,所(suo)以我縣非常(chang)適宜123蘋(pin)(pin)果等果類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)生長。
地域范圍
涼城(cheng)縣位于內蒙古(gu)自治區(qu)烏蘭察布市中南(nan)部(bu),地處東(dong)經112°28′—112°30′,北(bei)緯 40°29′—40°32′之間,是內蒙古(gu)最大的123蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)種(zhong)植縣,被譽(yu)為(wei)“果(guo)鄉”,涼城(cheng)123蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)享有(you)“草原鮮果(guo)”、“塞外(wai)(wai)圣果(guo)”、“人參仙果(guo)”等美譽(yu)。涼城(cheng)縣交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)便利,東(dong)鄰豐(feng)鎮(zhen)市,西與(yu)呼和(he)(he)浩特(te)市、和(he)(he)林(lin)縣交(jiao)(jiao)界,南(nan)與(yu)山西省左云(yun)、右玉縣毗鄰,北(bei)和(he)(he)卓資縣接壤。東(dong)南(nan)距北(bei)京400公(gong)里(li)(li)、天(tian)(tian)津港550公(gong)里(li)(li);南(nan)距大同110公(gong)里(li)(li);西距呼和(he)(he)浩特(te)100公(gong)里(li)(li);北(bei)距集寧90公(gong)里(li)(li)。四通(tong)(tong)八達的交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)給涼城(cheng)123蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)外(wai)(wai)銷運輸帶來了極(ji)大的方(fang)便,果(guo)品遠銷北(bei)京、天(tian)(tian)津、山西、河北(bei)等多個省份和(he)(he)城(cheng)市。全縣共有(you)八個鄉(鎮(zhen))和(he)(he)一個辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事處,132個村(cun)委(wei)會。涼城(cheng)123蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)地域分(fen)布在(zai)六蘇木鎮(zhen)、岱海(hai)鎮(zhen)、天(tian)(tian)成鄉、岱海(hai)旅(lv)游辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事處4個鄉鎮(zhen)和(he)(he)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)事處,25個行政(zheng)村(cun)范(fan)圍(wei)內,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)面積2.5萬(wan)(wan)畝,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規模為(wei)年產量5.5萬(wan)(wan)噸。
產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特征:水嫩清香,果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)美(mei)觀(guan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)大,平均果(guo)(guo)(guo)重75克(ke)左右,果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)呈卵圓形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮紅(hong)黃鮮艷,果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉黃白,味酸甜香多汁,品質上等。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:涼城123蘋(pin)果營養物質(zhi)含(han)量參考范圍值:每100g產品含(han)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)0.21~0.32g,維生(sheng)素C 6.4~8.3mg,可溶性固形物12.1~15.1%,鈉(na) 0.40~0.67mg, 鉀100~125mg,磷(lin)20.3~33.5mg,鈣9.0~12.3mg,鎂4.50~6.20mg。
特定生產方式
涼城123蘋果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)地要求在東(dong)經(jing)112°28′—112°30′,北緯 40°29′—40°32′之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)中溫帶大陸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)候區,干旱與半濕潤交錯帶,符(fu)合高原性(xing)(xing)小(xiao)氣(qi)候條(tiao)件良好,土(tu)(tu)壤含有機質、晝(zhou)夜溫差大,光照充足等要求。栽植時(shi)間(jian)在春季果(guo)(guo)苗(miao)未萌芽前進行(xing),一(yi)般在4月中上旬完成(cheng)栽植。栽植時(shi)先把(ba)表土(tu)(tu)與腐熟(shu)基肥、研碎的(de)(de)(de)黑礬等混(hun)合均勻回填入坑內(nei)到一(yi)半左(zuo)右位置(zhi),采(cai)用“三(san)埋(mai)兩踩(cai)一(yi)提苗(miao)”的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa),先用表土(tu)(tu)埋(mai)根部,隨(sui)埋(mai)隨(sui)踩(cai)隨(sui)提苗(miao),埋(mai)至根莖處踩(cai)實,嫁接口要略高于(yu)地面1厘米左(zuo)右,使澆水(shui)后接茬與地面齊平。一(yi)般株行(xing)距為2.5*5—6米或3*5米,每畝45—54株。產(chan)(chan)品嚴格按照無公害(hai)標(biao)準(zhun)進行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程的(de)(de)(de)管理,產(chan)(chan)后貯藏、運輸等環(huan)節(jie)均按照無公害(hai)標(biao)準(zhun)進行(xing)。