自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:涼(liang)城縣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓蠻(man)(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)歷史條件復雜。屬(shu)于集(ji)寧—張家口熔巖(yan)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與(yu)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)原(yuan)區,境內大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)為低(di)而寬的(de)(de)(de)嶺脊(ji)套著一個構造盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)—岱(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。總地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)為四周(zhou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺高(gao)(gao),中(zhong)間(jian)湖盆(pen)低(di),海(hai)(hai)拔1234m到(dao)2300m。主要(yao)有中(zhong)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、陷落(luo)及(ji)凹拗盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)原(yuan)四種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類(lei)型。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)是陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈—蠻(man)(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),為西(xi)南(nan)(nan)—東北(bei)走向(xiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)險陡;南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)是陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈—馬(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)平(ping)緩(huan)而寬;西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)、東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)是起(qi)伏連(lian)綿的(de)(de)(de)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,接蠻(man)(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、馬(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan);中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)是西(xi)南(nan)(nan)—東北(bei)走向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊平(ping)原(yuan)——岱(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)灘,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦(tan),平(ping)原(yuan)底部(bu)(bu)是一面(mian)積(ji)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)內陸湖——岱(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)絕大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)屬(shu)栗(li)鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu),占土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)98.5%,結構較好,土(tu)(tu)層在(zai)150cm以上,耕層有機質(zhi)含量1.28%。灰褐土(tu)(tu)是我縣的(de)(de)(de)一個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)垂(chui)直(zhi)帶主要(yao)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang),分(fen)布在(zai)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)和南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)中(zhong)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,海(hai)(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一般在(zai)1600-2300m之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),丘陵及(ji)洪積(ji)裙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶一般在(zai)1300-1500m之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)緩(huan),北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陡,切(qie)割深度一般在(zai)50-350m之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),其下界與(yu)栗(li)鈣(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)、栗(li)褐土(tu)(tu)相(xiang)接。
2、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:涼城縣地處中溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,屬干旱和半濕(shi)潤交錯(cuo)帶(dai)。其特征是:冬季漫長寒冷,多風而干燥;夏季短促,雨水集中而濕(shi)熱;春秋天氣(qi)(qi)多變(bian)而劇烈。全縣各地年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為2-5℃,無霜期(qi)80-125d,年(nian)平均降水量350-450mm,年(nian)蒸發量1938mm。光能資源較(jiao)豐(feng)富,全年(nian)平均日照(zhao)為3026.7小(xiao)時。在作(zuo)(zuo)物生(sheng)長期(qi),平均每天太陽實際(ji)照(zhao)射8.9小(xiao)時,因(yin)此(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)物有充足的(de)(de)日照(zhao)。全年(nian)有七個月(yue)(yue)(yue),平均溫(wen)度在0℃以(yi)上(shang),此(ci)期(qi)間溫(wen)度的(de)(de)變(bian)化范圍6.2-20.5℃之間,是熱量的(de)(de)集中期(qi)。氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)年(nian)較(jiao)差33.6℃,各月(yue)(yue)(yue)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)日較(jiao)差12.1-15.5℃,平均13.7℃,四五月(yue)(yue)(yue)最大,八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)最小(xiao),大陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)明顯(xian)。由(you)于(yu)特殊的(de)(de)地理位置,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)狀況及土壤環境的(de)(de)影響(xiang),種植(zhi)出的(de)(de)123蘋(pin)果(guo)品質優(you)良(liang),所以(yi)我縣非(fei)常適宜123蘋(pin)果(guo)等(deng)果(guo)類的(de)(de)生(sheng)長。
地域范圍
涼(liang)城縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)內蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)烏蘭察布市(shi)(shi)中南部,地處(chu)東(dong)經112°28′—112°30′,北(bei)緯 40°29′—40°32′之間,是內蒙古最大(da)的(de)123蘋果(guo)種植縣(xian)(xian),被譽為“果(guo)鄉”,涼(liang)城123蘋果(guo)享(xiang)有(you)(you)“草(cao)原鮮果(guo)”、“塞外圣果(guo)”、“人(ren)參仙果(guo)”等(deng)美譽。涼(liang)城縣(xian)(xian)交(jiao)通便(bian)利,東(dong)鄰(lin)豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)市(shi)(shi),西(xi)與呼和浩(hao)特市(shi)(shi)、和林縣(xian)(xian)交(jiao)界,南與山西(xi)省左云、右玉(yu)縣(xian)(xian)毗鄰(lin),北(bei)和卓資縣(xian)(xian)接壤。東(dong)南距(ju)(ju)北(bei)京400公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)、天津港550公(gong)里(li)(li)(li);南距(ju)(ju)大(da)同110公(gong)里(li)(li)(li);西(xi)距(ju)(ju)呼和浩(hao)特100公(gong)里(li)(li)(li);北(bei)距(ju)(ju)集寧90公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。四通八(ba)達的(de)交(jiao)通給(gei)涼(liang)城123蘋果(guo)外銷(xiao)運輸帶來了極(ji)大(da)的(de)方便(bian),果(guo)品遠銷(xiao)北(bei)京、天津、山西(xi)、河北(bei)等(deng)多(duo)個省份和城市(shi)(shi)。全縣(xian)(xian)共有(you)(you)八(ba)個鄉(鎮(zhen)(zhen))和一個辦(ban)事處(chu),132個村委會(hui)。涼(liang)城123蘋果(guo)保護(hu)(hu)地域分(fen)布在六蘇木(mu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、岱(dai)海鎮(zhen)(zhen)、天成(cheng)鄉、岱(dai)海旅游(you)辦(ban)事處(chu)4個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)和辦(ban)事處(chu),25個行政村范(fan)圍內,保護(hu)(hu)面積2.5萬畝,保護(hu)(hu)規模為年產量5.5萬噸(dun)。
產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特(te)征:水嫩清香,果(guo)實(shi)(shi)美觀,果(guo)大,平均(jun)果(guo)重75克左右(you),果(guo)實(shi)(shi)呈卵圓(yuan)形,果(guo)皮紅黃(huang)(huang)鮮艷,果(guo)肉黃(huang)(huang)白(bai),味酸甜香多汁,品(pin)質上等。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao):涼城123蘋果(guo)營養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含(han)量參考(kao)范(fan)圍值:每100g產品(pin)含(han)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)0.21~0.32g,維生素(su)C 6.4~8.3mg,可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)(wu)12.1~15.1%,鈉 0.40~0.67mg, 鉀100~125mg,磷20.3~33.5mg,鈣9.0~12.3mg,鎂4.50~6.20mg。
特定生產方式
涼城(cheng)123蘋果產(chan)(chan)地要(yao)求在(zai)東(dong)經112°28′—112°30′,北緯 40°29′—40°32′之間的(de)中溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性氣(qi)候區,干(gan)旱與(yu)半濕潤交錯帶(dai),符合高原(yuan)性小氣(qi)候條件良好,土壤含有機質、晝夜溫(wen)差大,光照(zhao)(zhao)充足等(deng)要(yao)求。栽植時(shi)間在(zai)春季(ji)果苗未萌芽前進(jin)(jin)行(xing),一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)4月中上(shang)旬完成(cheng)栽植。栽植時(shi)先把表(biao)土與(yu)腐熟基肥、研碎的(de)黑礬等(deng)混合均(jun)勻回填入(ru)坑(keng)內到一(yi)半左右位置,采(cai)用“三埋(mai)兩踩(cai)一(yi)提苗”的(de)方法,先用表(biao)土埋(mai)根部,隨(sui)(sui)(sui)埋(mai)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)踩(cai)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)提苗,埋(mai)至根莖處踩(cai)實,嫁接口要(yao)略高于(yu)地面1厘(li)米左右,使(shi)澆水后(hou)接茬(cha)與(yu)地面齊(qi)平。一(yi)般(ban)株行(xing)距(ju)為2.5*5—6米或(huo)3*5米,每畝45—54株。產(chan)(chan)品嚴格按照(zhao)(zhao)無公害(hai)標準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)過程的(de)管理(li),產(chan)(chan)后(hou)貯藏(zang)、運輸等(deng)環節均(jun)按照(zhao)(zhao)無公害(hai)標準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。