地理環境
富硒走(zou)廊黑土地 得(de)天獨厚大寶(bao)清(qing)
“寶清(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”牌(pai)紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆,是(shi)黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆產(chan)品唯一優質品牌(pai)、全國(guo)著(zhu)名三大紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆品牌(pai)之(zhi)一,曾(ceng)獲黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省10大名牌(pai)農產(chan)品號稱和國(guo)際企(qi)業博覽會馳名獎,連續7年獲歐盟(meng)有(you)機食品證(zheng)書。寶清(qing)的(de)紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆之(zhi)所以產(chan)量高(gao)、品質好,與寶清(qing)縣的(de)特殊地理位置、氣候條件和良好的(de)生態環(huan)境有(you)著(zhu)密不可(ke)分(fen)的(de)聯系。
寶清縣地處中緯度,歐亞大(da)陸東岸,屬寒(han)溫帶大(da)陸性(xing)季風氣候。耕地面(mian)積(ji)4046平方千米,占總面(mian)積(ji)的40.2%,列三(san)江平原各縣之首。寶清縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)地面(mian)積(ji)遼闊(kuo),地下水豐(feng)富、水位高,開發時間短,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤多(duo)為黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)和溝谷(gu)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)等,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質肥(fei)沃(wo)、富含硒元素,適宜多(duo)種(zhong)作(zuo)物(wu)生長。
我國是一個(ge)缺硒大國,我國富(fu)硒地(di)區主要(yao)在江(jiang)西豐城和湖北恩施。近幾年,黑龍江(jiang)省地(di)質調(diao)查研(yan)究總院開(kai)展了(le)1:25萬(wan)農業地(di)質調(diao)查研(yan)究工作,在松(song)嫩平原南部發現一條富(fu)硒土壤帶(dai)——三江(jiang)平原富(fu)硒土壤帶(dai),該富(fu)硒土壤帶(dai)集中(zhong)分布(bu)在富(fu)錦—寶(bao)清地(di)區,其東西寬(kuan)60~100千米(mi),南北長150~180千米(mi),寶(bao)清縣境內(nei)富(fu)硒土壤面(mian)積可達300萬(wan)畝(mu)耕地(di),可以(yi)說寶(bao)清是三江(jiang)平原富(fu)硒核心(xin)區。
有(you)(you)此得(de)天獨(du)厚(hou)的土壤條件,在富硒核心(xin)區(qu)種植的紅小豆就(jiu)富含天然硒的成(cheng)分,具(ju)有(you)(you)含硒量高的獨(du)特(te)品質,在抗氧(yang)化、提高人體免疫功能、預防克山病和大骨節病等(deng)方面都有(you)(you)著(zhu)一定(ding)的作用。
文化背景
百年(nian)小雜糧 粒(li)粒(li)紅豆香
寶(bao)清縣是黑龍(long)江省乃(nai)至全國著名的紅小(xiao)豆(dou)生產基(ji)地,自(zi)從寶(bao)清縣有歷(li)史記載以來就有小(xiao)規模種(zhong)植紅小(xiao)豆(dou),至今已有100多年歷(li)史。
說起紅小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou),不(bu)能不(bu)提黏(nian)豆(dou)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。每年臘月(yue)二十幾(ji),老人(ren)們(men)都會(hui)忙(mang)著(zhu)蒸(zheng)豆(dou)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。把紅小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)放(fang)進鍋(guo)里(li)煮上(shang)幾(ji)個小(xiao)(xiao)時,水干(gan)了(le),豆(dou)子(zi)(zi)用勺(shao)子(zi)(zi)一邊攪一邊搗,便成(cheng)了(le)豆(dou)沙(sha)。孩子(zi)(zi)們(men)會(hui)端著(zhu)碗討(tao)上(shang)兩(liang)勺(shao),拌(ban)上(shang)白糖(tang)先(xian)吃(chi)為快(kuai)。老人(ren)們(men)把打好的豆(dou)沙(sha)拌(ban)上(shang)糖(tang),包(bao)(bao)(bao)進糯米面(mian),蒸(zheng)出一鍋(guo)又一鍋(guo)的黏(nian)豆(dou)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。蒸(zheng)好的黏(nian)豆(dou)包(bao)(bao)(bao)被放(fang)到外面(mian)凍上(shang),想吃(chi)的時候拿幾(ji)個放(fang)在鍋(guo)里(li)熱一下(xia)。
夏(xia)天吃(chi)不(bu)上(shang)(shang)黏豆(dou)包(bao),但是(shi)(shi)有更特別(bie)的吃(chi)法(fa)——“黏耗子(zi)(zi)”。“黏耗子(zi)(zi)”是(shi)(shi)滿(man)族(zu)的風(feng)味面(mian)食,也(ye)(ye)叫“蘇(su)葉餑餑”“蘇(su)葉干糧”。“黏耗子(zi)(zi)”的原料也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)糯米面(mian),紅(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou),不(bu)過加了(le)新鮮的蘇(su)葉。將(jiang)黏高粱(liang)米或糯米以水浸泡后磨成(cheng)(cheng)黏米面(mian),將(jiang)紅(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)煮熟搗成(cheng)(cheng)泥做成(cheng)(cheng)豆(dou)餡(xian),包(bao)進黏米面(mian)搟成(cheng)(cheng)的圓餅中,外用蘇(su)子(zi)(zi)葉裹之(zhi),上(shang)(shang)籠(long)屜(ti)蒸熟即(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)。食之(zhi)香甜(tian)可口并帶有蘇(su)子(zi)(zi)葉的清香,滿(man)族(zu)人不(bu)僅平時喜歡(huan)吃(chi),而且(qie)時逢祭(ji)祀還常用來(lai)供神。盛夏(xia)時節,寶清滿(man)大街都是(shi)(shi)叫賣“黏耗子(zi)(zi)”的聲音,不(bu)論滿(man)族(zu)、漢族(zu),不(bu)論大人、孩子(zi)(zi),都格外喜歡(huan)這(zhe)種特別(bie)的小(xiao)吃(chi)。
也(ye)許(xu),正是(shi)這豐富多樣(yang)的(de)吃法成(cheng)就了寶(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)。寶(bao)清縣種植(zhi)的(de)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)經(jing)過多年選(xuan)育,以粒大、色(se)澤鮮紅(hong)(hong)為特征(zheng),農民(min)把紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)叫(jiao)“寶(bao)清大紅(hong)(hong)袍”紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)。
品牌建設
北(bei)國紅豆(dou)走世(shi)界 粒大皮薄(bo)“寶清紅”
“寶(bao)清紅”牌紅小豆(dou),是寶(bao)清縣種子公司技術人員在20世紀(ji)90年代從“寶(bao)清大(da)紅袍(pao)”紅小豆(dou)的變異中,通過株行整理培育而成。
自20世紀90年(nian)代以來,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆進(jin)入快速(su)發(fa)展階段。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆作為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)的(de)優(you)勢經濟農作物,對(dui)拉動全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)農業經濟快速(su)增長的(de)作用,日(ri)漸明顯,特別是(shi)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆抗病(bing)、耐瘠(ji)薄的(de)習性,較適宜寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)西南部丘(qiu)陵(ling)漫崗地區(qu)的(de)土壤。因此,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆的(de)種植面積逐年(nian)擴大。到(dao)1995年(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆種植面積達到(dao)8萬(wan)多(duo)畝,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆總產量達1.2萬(wan)噸,當(dang)時主栽品(pin)種為(wei)(wei)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清大紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)袍”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆。1995年(nian),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)對(dui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆品(pin)牌(pai)生產極為(wei)(wei)重視(shi),組織農業專家對(dui)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清大紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)袍”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆進(jin)行(xing)品(pin)系鑒定,特撥出經費對(dui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆進(jin)行(xing)選(xuan)育。精(jing)工寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)種子公司的(de)技術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)5年(nian)的(de)精(jing)心選(xuan)育,1998年(nian),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆通過(guo)多(duo)點試驗,經黑龍江品(pin)種委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會審定,正式命名為(wei)(wei)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆。
“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)品(pin)種的(de)(de)培育成(cheng)功和廣(guang)泛種植(zhi)促進了寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)以(yi)營養豐(feng)富、優質高產(chan)深受國內外客戶的(de)(de)青睞,給寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣廣(guang)大農(nong)民帶來了可觀的(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益。隨著全縣紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)不斷發(fa)展和“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”牌紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)培育成(cheng)功,縣政府為了保護“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou),拿出了大量的(de)(de)資金對(dui)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)進行商(shang)標注冊。2000年,完成(cheng)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)商(shang)標注冊。同(tong)時(shi)在寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣龍頭(tou)鎮(zhen)、小(xiao)(xiao)城子鎮(zhen)、七星泡鎮(zhen)建立紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di),把龍頭(tou)鎮(zhen)確定為紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)良種繁育基地(di)。
2000年以后,寶(bao)清縣(xian)紅小豆(dou)步(bu)入了發展(zhan)的(de)(de)快車道。種(zhong)植“寶(bao)清紅”紅小豆(dou)優良品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)面積達到全縣(xian)種(zhong)植紅小豆(dou)總(zong)面積95%以上,同(tong)時,加強科學管理(li)全面提高紅小豆(dou)的(de)(de)產量和品(pin)質。2000年,全縣(xian)紅小豆(dou)種(zhong)植面積突(tu)破了15萬(wan)畝(mu),總(zong)產量達到1.8萬(wan)噸(dun)。
寶清縣紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆的(de)產、銷和精深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)業均有(you)了較好發(fa)展,寶清縣先后(hou)組建了部分小(xiao)型紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆清選(xuan)加(jia)工(gong)廠(chang),對(dui)紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆進行初加(jia)工(gong),通過(guo)清選(xuan)、分級、包(bao)裝后(hou),紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆被銷售到世界各地。寶清縣的(de)紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆干沙(sha)加(jia)工(gong)廠(chang),把紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆加(jia)工(gong)成豆沙(sha)后(hou)銷售,讓消費(fei)者省(sheng)去了自(zi)己煮豆沙(sha)的(de)工(gong)序,可以(yi)開袋直接制作面包(bao)、豆沙(sha)包(bao)等自(zi)己喜歡的(de)食品。