蘭(lan)(lan)西縣位于(yu)黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省省城哈爾濱略偏西北(bei)部,地處松嫩平原南部,小興安(an)嶺余脈拉哈崗沿呼(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)河(he)西岸縱貫縣境南北(bei),香瓜地理標志保(bao)護(hu)的(de)區域范(fan)圍為東(dong)經126°41′10″-126°39′20″,北(bei)緯46°02′08″-46°20′20″。包括榆(yu)林(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘭(lan)(lan)西鎮(zhen)(zhen)、奮斗(dou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),保(bao)護(hu)區東(dong)接蘭(lan)(lan)河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、長崗鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、臨江(jiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),西鄰肇東(dong)市及(ji)蘭(lan)(lan)西縣的(de)紅星鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、平山鎮(zhen)(zhen),南毗呼(hu)蘭(lan)(lan),北(bei)連北(bei)安(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外(wai)在感觀特征:瓜多為卵圓(yuan)形,表面光滑,果肉厚約2厘米,質(zhi)脆味甜,清(qing)香味好(hao)。
(2)內在的(de)品質指(zhi)標:果實折光含(han)糖量高(gao),口感好,品質佳。富含(han)蛋白(bai)質、脂肪、碳水化合物、鈣、磷、鐵、胡蘿卜素(su)、硫胺素(su)、核黃素(su)、尼克酸(suan)、抗(kang)壞血酸(suan)等多種營養(yang)物質,經測定,每100克含(han)糖(以(yi)還原糖計)7.46克,高(gao)于一般的(de)香瓜(gua),檢(jian)測無(wu)農藥殘留。
(3)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu):蘭(lan)西香瓜嚴格按(an)照(NY5109-2005)標準執行。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
(1)瓜地選擇(ze):選擇(ze)通風透(tou)氣、排水良好、交(jiao)通便利、土質肥沃的(de)玉(yu)米茬(cha)、谷茬(cha)、糜茬(cha)為(wei)主,其次是蔥蒜(suan)茬(cha),做到與葫蘆科作物實行(xing)五年以上輪作。
(2)品種選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)用(yong)抗(kang)病、抗(kang)旱(han)、優質(zhi)、豐(feng)產(chan)、耐貯運、商品性好的品種,種子質(zhi)量應符合瓜菜(cai)作物種子的要求。可選(xuan)用(yong)金妃、景甜1號等(deng)早熟優良品種。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程管(guan)理(li)(li):在(zai)(zai)香(xiang)瓜生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)子處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)、育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移栽(zai)、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵環節。①種(zhong)子處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi) 將(jiang)種(zhong)子放(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)55℃溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸(jin)40分(fen)鐘,不斷攪拌(ban),并保(bao)持水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)。將(jiang)消毒后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)20℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡6小時(shi),并投洗(xi)兩(liang)次(ci)(ci),洗(xi)去種(zhong)子表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘液。撈出后(hou)(hou)(hou)放(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)布(bu)袋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),置于25-30℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下催(cui)芽(ya),經(jing)(jing)常翻動,每天(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)室溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)投洗(xi)三次(ci)(ci)。 ②育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移栽(zai)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi) 采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)大棚或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚內育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),選擇疏松、通透性(xing)好(hao)、無污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)土壤,每立方(fang)(fang)米加磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨0.5-1公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),混拌(ban)均(jun)勻。備好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養土每1000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)加0.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)多(duo)菌靈混拌(ban)均(jun)勻消毒,裝入(ru)(ru)8×8厘米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)缽中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裝到營養缽2/3處(chu)(chu)(chu),擺在(zai)(zai)床(chuang)上(shang)待播。當(dang)氣溫(wen)穩(wen)定(ding)通過5℃以上(shang)時(shi),棚內溫(wen)度達10℃以上(shang)時(shi),即可播種(zhong)。出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前,白(bai)天(tian)25-30℃,夜間16-18℃,出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou),白(bai)天(tian)20-25℃,夜間10-14℃。定(ding)植前一(yi)(yi)周,加大通風,煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。播后(hou)(hou)(hou)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)份采(cai)取見(jian)干見(jian)濕管(guan)理(li)(li),禁(jin)止(zhi)灌大水(shui)(shui)(shui)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)始終保(bao)持較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian),并能保(bao)持一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養面積。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)真葉(xie)露心時(shi)進(jin)行,留(liu)2株壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao);第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)2~3片真葉(xie)時(shi)進(jin)行,留(liu)1株壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。定(ding)植前一(yi)(yi)周通過適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降溫(wen)和(he)(he)控制(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)來進(jin)行秧苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)鍛煉,抑制(zhi)地上(shang)部生(sheng)(sheng)長,促進(jin)根系發(fa)(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)。在(zai)(zai)整地中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每畝施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)腐(fu)熟后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質農家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)或充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雞(ji)糞1500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),在(zai)(zai)農家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加入(ru)(ru)二(er)銨20公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),硫酸(suan)鉀5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),混拌(ban)均(jun)勻,結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)整地施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)垅底(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),這樣可保(bao)證瓜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質。 ③強病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 采(cai)取農業綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)進(jin)行輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)倒茬,減輕病(bing)害發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是(shi)與玉(yu)米等禾本科(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo),與葫蘆(lu)科(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)實行5年以上(shang)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)。 加強病(bing)蟲(chong)害預測預報,及(ji)時(shi)掌(zhang)握蟲(chong)口密度,發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)病(bing)蟲(chong)害預警情(qing)報;在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地區開展(zhan)(zhan)統防(fang)(fang)統治(zhi)。按照農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安(an)全合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)標準(zhun)和(he)(he)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求進(jin)行,積極推(tui)廣生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi),合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)進(jin)行化學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。 藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)遵循的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze): a嚴(yan)(yan)格執(zhi)行國(guo)家(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)關規(gui)定(ding),禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高毒、高殘(can)(can)留(liu)、高生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)富(fu)集性(xing)、高三致(致毒、致癌(ai)、致突變)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)其(qi)混配農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),不使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)未核準(zhun)登記的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 b使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)時(shi),要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格執(zhi)行國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)(ze)和(he)(he)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)、施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)(ci)數,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)檢測合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 c嚴(yan)(yan)格執(zhi)行農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最高殘(can)(can)留(liu)量(liang),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)限次(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)安(an)全間隔期。 科(ke)學(xue)(xue)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法:認準(zhun)病(bing)蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei),有(you)(you)(you)針對性(xing)地使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),掌(zhang)握病(bing)蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律,在(zai)(zai)最佳防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)期及(ji)時(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi);嚴(yan)(yan)格掌(zhang)握農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)劑量(liang)和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法,科(ke)學(xue)(xue)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)地混配農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 ④普及(ji)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)術 在(zai)(zai)香(xiang)瓜生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei),發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)機復合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),注重N、P、K肥(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)未經(jing)(jing)無害化處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)其(qi)他有(you)(you)(you)毒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li):使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商品肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)經(jing)(jing)技(ji)術人員認可,或到指定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)點購買(mai)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)必須符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術規(gui)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 安(an)全施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求:根據具體情(qing)況,調整施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang),做到經(jing)(jing)濟合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei);嚴(yan)(yan)格執(zhi)行氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)全間隔期,收獲前20天(tian),禁(jin)止(zhi)追施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei);推(tui)廣“控氮(dan)、穩(wen)磷(lin)、增(zeng)鉀”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)模式(shi)。
(4)產品收獲:區(qu)外銷售7—8成(cheng)熟(shu)時采摘,區(qu)內銷售的完全成(cheng)熟(shu)后采收,切忌生瓜上市,采摘前15天內嚴禁噴灑各(ge)種防病防蟲農(nong)藥。
(5)生(sheng)產記錄要(yao)求:要(yao)求農戶(hu)在種(zhong)植過程中,對使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的農藥、化肥(fei)的名稱、劑型規格、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方法、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間、每次用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、全年(nian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)次數、末次使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間有詳(xiang)細記錄。
六(liu).包(bao)裝標識相關規(gui)定(ding)
(1)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):采用紙箱包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),每箱凈(jing)重5公(gong)斤,瓜(gua)(gua)與瓜(gua)(gua)之間(jian)用網套隔離,用于(yu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的容器整潔、干燥、牢固、透氣、無污染、無異味,內壁(bi)無尖突物(wu)、紙箱無受潮(chao)、了層現(xian)象。
(2)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi):標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使用人(ren)應在其產品(pin)或(huo)包裝上統一使用農(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(蘭西香瓜名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注形式)。
(3)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu):裝卸運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)快運(yun)、輕(qing)裝輕(qing)放、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)途中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)防暴雨淋。運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)裝瓜時,運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)具(ju)的底(di)部及四(si)周與果實接觸的地方(fang)應(ying)(ying)加鋪墊物(wu),以防機械損傷。運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)用(yong)的車輛(liang)、工(gong)具(ju)、鋪墊物(wu)、防雨設施等,應(ying)(ying)清潔、衛生、干燥、無污染、不得與其他有毒有害物(wu)品(pin)混(hun)裝混(hun)運(yun)。
(4)貯藏:貯存時(shi)宜(yi)在通風(feng)、陰涼、清潔衛生的場所進(jin)行,堆碼整齊,防止擠壓損傷(shang),防日曬、雨淋、有(you)毒有(you)害物質的污染。