形態特征
多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)草本。根粗壯,通常直立,少有為橫生(sheng)(sheng);根頸短粗,先端被多(duo)數棕褐色(se)、膜質鱗片(pian)狀(zhuang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)莖高6~30厘米(mi),其下(xia)部的葉(xie)(xie)(xie)較(jiao)小,疏生(sheng)(sheng),上部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)較(jiao)密生(sheng)(sheng),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)匙形(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)菱形(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)7~40毫米(mi),寬4~9毫米(mi),先端急尖(jian)至漸(jian)尖(jian),基部楔形(xing)(xing),邊緣上部有粗牙齒,下(xia)部近全緣。聚(ju)傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,密集多(duo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),寬1.5~2.5厘米(mi),下(xia)部托似葉(xie)(xie)(xie);雌雄異株;萼片(pian)4,少有5,披(pi)針狀(zhuang)線(xian)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1~3毫米(mi),先端鈍(dun);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)4,尖(jian)有5,淡黃色(se),線(xian)狀(zhuang)倒(dao)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2~6毫米(mi),先端鈍(dun);雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中雄蕊(rui)8,較(jiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)(chang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥(yao)黃色(se),有不發育的心(xin)(xin)皮(pi);雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中心(xin)(xin)皮(pi)4,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱外彎(wan),鱗片(pian)4,長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1~1.5毫米(mi),寬0.6毫米(mi),先端微缺。
生長習性
生于(yu)在(zai)海拔1600-2500米的山(shan)坡(po)林下(xia)、碎石山(shan)坡(po)及高山(shan)凍(dong)原(yuan)。
主要價值
據(ju)歷史記(ji)載,《本草綱目》把(ba)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)列(lie)為上品(pin)。謂(wei):“主大熱(re)火(huo)瘡,身(shen)熱(re)煩,邪惡(e)氣(qi)(qi)”。在長白山(shan)地(di)區,民間常(chang)用(yong)(yong)高山(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)作(zuo)為補品(pin)和治療疾病之(zhi)藥,用(yong)(yong)它煎水或泡酒飲用(yong)(yong)以消除(chu)重體力勞動帶來(lai)的疲(pi)勞和抵抗高寒(han)山(shan)區的冬季寒(han)冷。清朝時人們已(yi)把(ba)高山(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)當(dang)作(zuo)強(qiang)壯劑(ji),用(yong)(yong)于滋(zi)補強(qiang)身(shen),解除(chu)疲(pi)勞,恢復元氣(qi)(qi)和抵御(yu)寒(han)冷,康熙(xi)皇(huang)帝(di)曾派(pai)遣專門探險隊去尋找紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)并向各地(di)索取紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)作(zuo)為貢品(pin)。
長白山(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian),又名(ming)庫頁紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian),生(sheng)長在(zai)長白山(shan)海拔3500米(mi)以(yi)上地帶,性寒(han)、味甘、澀(se)。世界(jie)上只有部分區(qu)域適合(he)長白山(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)生(sheng)長,主(zhu)要分布在(zai)俄羅斯遠東(dong)地區(qu)、日本、朝(chao)鮮北部、中國(guo)(guo)東(dong)北的高山(shan)地帶,范圍較小。2006年7月(yue),國(guo)(guo)家質檢(jian)總局批(pi)準對長白山(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天(tian)實(shi)施地理標志產品保(bao)(bao)護(hu),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)域為(wei)吉林省臨江市(shi)所轄行(xing)政區(qu)域。