與土壤環境關系(xi):長白山五味子喜濕潤、肥沃、腐(fu)質層深厚(hou)、微(wei)酸性的暗棕色森林土壤或砂(sha)質土壤,通氣透水(shui)性好,養分供應充足。
據考(kao)證,長白山(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)開發利(li)用已有百(bai)余年(nian)歷史。《長白山(shan)(shan)匯征錄》(宣統元年(nian))卷(juan)六藥品篇詳細記述(shu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)的性味(wei)(wei)(wei)、功效(xiao)、采(cai)收時間及(ji)加(jia)工(gong)方法(fa),并(bing)記載了當時“行銷(xiao)內地,每歲所得價值次(ci)于人參”的暢銷(xiao)景象。《臨江縣(xian)(xian)志》(1902~1934)記載,“五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi):其(qi)形(xing)如(ru)珠,其(qi)色最紅,善備五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei),故有五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)之(zhi)稱,能止痰補腎,亦為出口藥材之(zhi)大宗。”當時全市有十(shi)家山(shan)(shan)貨(huo)莊經營長白山(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)。《撫松(song)縣(xian)(xian)人參志》記載,撫松(song)縣(xian)(xian)制(zhi)藥廠和原(yuan)撫松(song)國營第二參場1985年(nian)研制(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)沖(chong)劑(ji)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)濃縮汁、五(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)香檳原(yuan)漿等精深加(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)品,早在30多年(nian)前就(jiu)已經行銷(xiao)各(ge)地。
長白山五味子地(di)理(li)標志產品保護產地(di)范圍為吉林省長白縣(xian)(xian)、靖宇縣(xian)(xian)、撫松縣(xian)(xian)、臨江市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)江源區(qu)、白山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八道江區(qu)、集安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、通(tong)化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)、輝南縣(xian)(xian)、梅河(he)口(kou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、柳河(he)縣(xian)(xian),通(tong)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)東昌區(qu)、二道江區(qu),樺甸(dian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、蛟(jiao)河(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、永吉縣(xian)(xian)、舒(shu)蘭市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、磐石市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、汪清縣(xian)(xian)、安(an)圖縣(xian)(xian)、敦化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、和龍市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、琿春市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、延吉市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍井市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及長白山保護開發區(qu)管(guan)理(li)委員會池北(bei)區(qu)、池西(xi)區(qu)、池南區(qu)28個市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)現轄行政區(qu)域。
感官特征
長(chang)白(bai)山五味(wei)子呈球狀顆粒,直徑(jing)5~8mm,表面紫(zi)紅色(se)或(huo)暗紅色(se),皺縮(suo),顯油(you)性。果肉(rou)(rou)柔軟,肉(rou)(rou)厚。內(nei)含(han)種(zhong)子2粒。種(zhong)子腎形,長(chang)4~5mm,寬(kuan)3~4mm,表面棕黃(huang)色(se),有光澤,種(zhong)皮脆硬,種(zhong)仁黃(huang)白(bai)色(se),富油(you)性。果肉(rou)(rou)氣微(wei)(wei),味(wei)酸甘;種(zhong)子破碎后(hou)有清香氣,味(wei)辛(xin)、微(wei)(wei)苦。