產品特征
浦(pu)市(shi)鐵骨豬是湘西黑豬一(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)類群;其骨質緊密(mi),堅(jian)硬如鐵,當地群眾俗稱浦(pu)市(shi)鐵骨豬。該品種原產于瀘溪(xi)縣浦(pu)市(shi)鎮,其全身被毛(mao)黑而密(mi),有“獅子頭(tou)”和“鯉(li)魚頭(tou)”之分,屬肉脂兼(jian)用型,體格較大(da),繁殖力強,遺傳性能穩定,耐(nai)粗食,抗(kang)逆性強,不易(yi)感染(ran)傳染(ran)病。
產品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
浦(pu)(pu)市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)豬(zhu)產地僅限于(yu)瀘溪(xi)縣,當地農民飼養該品種已有400余年(nian),每(mei)當逢年(nian)過節,還(huan)是紅白喜事,人(ren)們(men)都只用浦(pu)(pu)市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)豬(zhu)豬(zhu)首作禮品、祭品,平常消(xiao)費更喜歡(huan)(huan)購買(mai)浦(pu)(pu)市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)豬(zhu)肉,而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)喜歡(huan)(huan)其他黑豬(zhu)或白豬(zhu)。浦(pu)(pu)市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)豬(zhu)全身被毛黑而(er)(er)(er)密,頭(tou)(tou)(tou)頸輕秀,體(ti)形(xing)較(jiao)大,體(ti)質強壯(zhuang),結構勻稱(cheng)(cheng),后軀(qu)(qu)較(jiao)發達。浦(pu)(pu)市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)豬(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)大小適中(zhong),頭(tou)(tou)(tou)型分八卦(gua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(又稱(cheng)(cheng)獅(shi)子(zi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou))和鯉魚(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。耳中(zhong)等大,下(xia)垂遮眼。八卦(gua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)嘴筒(tong)較(jiao)大、稍(shao)(shao)短(duan)而(er)(er)(er)微翹,額面較(jiao)寬,皺多而(er)(er)(er)深。鯉魚(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)嘴筒(tong)較(jiao)尖、稍(shao)(shao)長(chang)而(er)(er)(er)平直(zhi)(zhi),額面稍(shao)(shao)窄(zhai),皺少且(qie)(qie)淺。在軀(qu)(qu)干特征上。八卦(gua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)體(ti)軀(qu)(qu)稍(shao)(shao)短(duan),背微凹(ao)而(er)(er)(er)寬,腹稍(shao)(shao)大,下(xia)垂而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)拖地;鯉魚(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)體(ti)軀(qu)(qu)稍(shao)(shao)長(chang),背直(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)稍(shao)(shao)窄(zhai),腹中(zhong)等大,腹線(xian)近于(yu)平直(zhi)(zhi)。四肢(zhi)粗壯(zhuang),前、后肢(zhi)均較(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi),無臥(wo)系(xi),管圍粗,蹄(ti)殼為黑色(se)。尾較(jiao)長(chang),尾端呈掃帚狀。乳(ru)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)粗長(chang)且(qie)(qie)排列勻稱(cheng)(cheng),乳(ru)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)一般為12-18枚。
地域范圍
浦市鐵(tie)骨豬產(chan)區(qu)瀘溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian),位于湖南(nan)省西部,湘西自治(zhi)州南(nan)端,東與沅陵、辰溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)毗連,南(nan)與麻(ma)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相鄰,西與鳳凰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、吉(ji)首市交界(jie),北與古丈(zhang)接壤(rang),地處東徑109°40′-110°14′,北緯27°24′-28°28′,年飼(si)養浦市鐵(tie)骨豬2.4萬頭(tou),產(chan)量1460噸。現存欄公豬8頭(tou),能繁(fan)母豬1200頭(tou),主(zhu)要分布于瀘溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)浦市鎮(zhen)、達嵐鎮(zhen)和合水鎮(zhen)。
鐵骨豬發展歷史
浦市(shi)鐵骨豬(zhu)發(fa)展歷史(shi)悠久(jiu)。據瀘(lu)溪縣(xian)志記載,明末年(nian)間,浦市(shi)航運便利,成為湘西(xi)重要商埠。因商業(ye)發(fa)展,移民繼往,市(shi)民集聚,食(shi)品消費量日(ri)增,使得副食(shi)品加工興旺。大(da)量的加工副產品和蔬菜、腳葉、殘(can)羹剩湯,泔水潲水,為發(fa)展養豬(zhu)提供了良好的物(wu)質基礎,加之市(shi)鎮需求肉食(shi)較多,仔豬(zhu)銷路廣(guang),更促進(jin)了浦市(shi)黑豬(zhu)的形成和發(fa)展,到清道光(guang)、咸(xian)豐(feng)年(nian)間已培育成優(you)良品種。
在長期的(de)自(zi)然和(he)人工作用下(xia),浦市鐵骨豬成為(wei)最適于山區飼(si)養的(de)優良地方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),是開(kai)展雜種(zhong)(zhong)優勢利用和(he)培育新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、新品(pin)系時不可多得(de)的(de)育種(zhong)(zhong)素材,是湖南(nan)省沅水中、下(xia)游流域和(he)湘西地區較好的(de)親本品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
特定生產方式
產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)(te)殊內容(rong)規(gui)定(ding):瀘溪縣浦市(shi)鎮、達(da)嵐(lan)鎮和合水(shui)(shui)鎮。品種選(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)(te)定(ding)要求。浦市(shi)鐵骨豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。生(sheng)產(chan)過程管理(li),包括(kuo)農業(ye)投入(ru)品方面(mian)的(de)特(te)(te)殊使用規(gui)定(ding)。豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)址選(xuan)擇在交(jiao)通方便(bian)、水(shui)(shui)源充(chong)足、地(di)(di)勢(shi)高(gao)燥、環境優(you)美(mei)、無(wu)有(you)害(hai)氣體(ti)、煙(yan)霧、沙塵及其他(ta)污染的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),遠離(li)工礦企業(ye)、機(ji)關、學校、醫(yi)院、居民住宅區(qu)(qu)(qu)、飲用水(shui)(shui)源及其他(ta)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共場(chang)(chang)所。場(chang)(chang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)生(sheng)活區(qu)(qu)(qu)、生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、無(wu)害(hai)化處(chu)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)三區(qu)(qu)(qu)分離(li),相距(50-300m),凈(jing)道與(yu)污道分離(li),入(ru)場(chang)(chang)大(da)門(men)口(kou)、生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)門(men)入(ru)口(kou)和無(wu)害(hai)化處(chu)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)門(men)口(kou)設消毒(du)設施(shi),選(xuan)擇對人(ren)畜安全(quan)、無(wu)毒(du)性殘留(liu)、不(bu)破壞設備、在豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)內不(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)有(you)害(hai)積(ji)累(lei)的(de)消毒(du)藥物進行(xing)消毒(du)。道路鋪設水(shui)(shui)泥地(di)(di)面(mian),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舍坐(zuo)北朝南(nan),通風(feng)、干燥、明亮,具有(you)防(fang)暑降溫和防(fang)寒保暖功能。除(chu)哺乳母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外,其它豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群設10平方米(mi)(mi)運動場(chang)(chang),飲水(shui)(shui)符合NY5027的(de)規(gui)定(ding),飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和添(tian)加劑(ji)符合NY5032。根據(ju)浦市(shi)鐵骨豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)同階段對營養(yang)的(de)需要配制飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)玉米(mi)(mi)、豆粕、麥麩、米(mi)(mi)糠等,青(qing)(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為野菜(cai)、鵝菜(cai)、蘿(luo)卜(bu)、白菜(cai)、紅薯藤等青(qing)(qing)(qing)綠多汁(zhi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),洗凈(jing)切碎(sui)后(hou)攔入(ru)混合料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中喂給(gei)。仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)自(zi)由采(cai)食(shi),生(sheng)長(chang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)采(cai)食(shi)全(quan)價(jia)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.0-2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),青(qing)(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),妊娠(shen)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)采(cai)食(shi)全(quan)價(jia)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.5-2.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),青(qing)(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),哺乳母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)采(cai)食(shi)全(quan)價(jia)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)3.0-3.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),青(qing)(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),種公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)采(cai)食(shi)全(quan)價(jia)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)2.0-2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),青(qing)(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。