介紹
邢窯博物(wu)館位于臨(lin)城縣AAAA級景(jing)區崆(kong)(kong)山白云(yun)洞(dong)景(jing)區內(nei),距縣城約六公里。環境優美,景(jing)色醉人。南(nan)邊(bian)是(shi)古老的泜水河(he),西邊(bian)不遠處(chu)是(shi)煙波蕩漾的岐山湖,遠處(chu)則是(shi)若(ruo)(ruo)隱若(ruo)(ruo)現的巍(wei)巍(wei)太行(xing)山,北(bei)邊(bian)緊挨(ai)著(zhu)的則是(shi)美麗古老的崆(kong)(kong)山(又叫白云(yun)山)。博物(wu)館包括展廳、庫房(fang)、修復(fu)室(shi)(shi)、學(xue)術室(shi)(shi)、會議室(shi)(shi)、安全保衛室(shi)(shi)等(deng),面積2913㎡,第一(yi)期布(bu)展面積800㎡,。2009年9月4日建成開館,是(shi)我(wo)國唯一(yi)一(yi)座邢窯專題博物(wu)館。
邢(xing)窯(yao),是(shi)(shi)我國古代(dai)燒造瓷(ci)器的著名窯(yao)場,是(shi)(shi)唐(tang)代(dai)燒造白(bai)瓷(ci)的中心(xin)。北朝創燒,隋朝迅速(su)發展(zhan),唐(tang)代(dai)達(da)(da)到高峰,歷經五代(dai)、宋金(jin)、元明,綿延(yan)一千多(duo)年(nian)。邢(xing)窯(yao)產(chan)品以(yi)白(bai)釉瓷(ci)為(wei)主,包括色(se)釉瓷(ci)、唐(tang)三彩(cai)(cai)、硬白(bai)陶、白(bai)底黑花、白(bai)釉綠彩(cai)(cai)等,品種(zhong)多(duo)達(da)(da)數十種(zhong),器型多(duo)達(da)(da)上百(bai)種(zhong)。邢(xing)窯(yao)選(xuan)料精細,旋削技術嫻熟,造型準確規整,裝飾技法多(duo)樣,風(feng)格雍容大方(fang)。
展(zhan)(zhan)覽(lan)以(yi)“歷史綿長,唐風瓷韻,類銀類雪,斑斕多(duo)彩”為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)題(ti),以(yi)歷史發展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)順序,按照“窯火初(chu)燃(北朝(chao)(chao))”、“趁風漸(jian)旺(隋初(chu)唐)”、“光照華夏(xia) (盛唐中唐)”、“烈(lie)焰(yan)再盛(宋朝(chao)(chao))”“余燼猶明(金元(yuan)明)”布展(zhan)(zhan);以(yi)白為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),而又突出各個(ge)時(shi)期的(de)不同特點,展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)邢窯各個(ge)時(shi)期的(de)器物、標(biao)本、窯具與相關文物如墓志等600多(duo)件(jian)。
北(bei)朝主(zhu)要(yao)以各種青(qing)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)器為主(zhu)。隋朝則(ze)在主(zhu)要(yao)展(zhan)示青(qing)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)器的(de)同(tong)時還展(zhan)示了(le)早期(qi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)——化妝白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),黑(hei)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)器等(deng),其中青(qing)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)弦紋(wen)罐(guan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾簡潔大(da)方、釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)青(qing)翠欲滴,透(tou)影(ying)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)碗(wan)(wan)標本晶(jing)瑩(ying)剔透(tou)、瑩(ying)澤如玉。唐(tang)朝是邢(xing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)取得成就(jiu)最為杰(jie)出的(de)歷史時期(qi),展(zhan)品以“類銀”“類雪”的(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)為主(zhu),還有色(se)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)綠(lv)彩(cai)(cai)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),唐(tang)三(san)彩(cai)(cai)、硬(ying)(ying)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)陶(tao)等(deng)。唐(tang)“盈(ying)”字款(kuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋罐(guan),胎(tai)質細膩堅(jian)硬(ying)(ying),釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)潔白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)如雪,釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面瑩(ying)潤(run)光亮,造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)渾圓飽滿,風(feng)格(ge)端(duan)莊豐盈(ying)。唐(tang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)帶托(tuo)塔形瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)蓋罐(guan),高59厘米,造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)莊重大(da)方,釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)中泛(fan)(fan)灰(hui)。唐(tang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)茶爐(lu),釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)光亮瑩(ying)潤(run),白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)中泛(fan)(fan)青(qing),胎(tai)體細白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)堅(jian)硬(ying)(ying),造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)新(xin)穎(ying)別致(zhi)。白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)綠(lv)彩(cai)(cai)執(zhi)壺等(deng)翠綠(lv)典雅。晚唐(tang)五(wu)代(dai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四出抽筋碗(wan)(wan),造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)規整,五(wu)代(dai)刻花梅瓶(ping)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾華(hua)麗。黃(huang)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)盤(pan)、黃(huang)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)執(zhi)壺,色(se)純(chun)調正;黑(hei)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)足爐(lu)晶(jing)瑩(ying)典雅。三(san)彩(cai)(cai)盤(pan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾華(hua)麗,藍彩(cai)(cai)三(san)足爐(lu)國內罕見。宋朝則(ze)為邢(xing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)又一個高峰期(qi),展(zhan)品則(ze)包括了(le)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、色(se)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、彩(cai)(cai)繪瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)底(di)黑(hei)花等(deng),北(bei)宋山下(xia)家族墓(mu)出土黑(hei)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)弦紋(wen)梅瓶(ping)為邢(xing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)所僅見;北(bei)宋白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)褐彩(cai)(cai)麥(mai)穗(sui)紋(wen)碗(wan)(wan)顯示邢(xing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)向白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)底(di)黑(hei)花的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。金(jin)元(yuan)明在展(zhan)示邢(xing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)傳統展(zhan)品的(de)基礎上,重點突(tu)出邢(xing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)新(xin)變(bian)化,金(jin)代(dai)“魚紋(wen)標本、金(jin)代(dai)題詩(shi)詞款(kuan)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)枕瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)片標本、金(jin)代(dai)“騎驢踏春”紋(wen)標本等(deng),元(yuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)彩(cai)(cai)葵花紋(wen)罐(guan)等(deng)具有濃(nong)郁的(de)磁州窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)風(feng)格(ge)。
在相關(guan)文(wen)物(wu)中(zhong)主要(yao)是各個(ge)時期的(de)窯(yao)(yao)具、工具,與(yu)邢窯(yao)(yao)有關(guan)的(de)文(wen)物(wu)等,其中(zhong)最為重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是《唐(tang)故趙府君(希(xi)玩)夫人(劉氏)墓志》。它是我國目前(qian)唯(wei)一涉及“進奉(feng)瓷(ci)(ci)窯(yao)(yao)院”的(de)出土文(wen)物(wu),“進奉(feng)瓷(ci)(ci)窯(yao)(yao)院”史(shi)志均無記載,填補了我國古代(dai)陶瓷(ci)(ci)史(shi)的(de)空白,對(dui)研(yan)究我國唐(tang)代(dai)邢窯(yao)(yao)的(de)瓷(ci)(ci)業管理制(zhi)度、唐(tang)代(dai)的(de)瓷(ci)(ci)器進奉(feng)制(zhi)度,具有非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)價值。
在發揮邢(xing)(xing)窯(yao)博(bo)(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館保管、展示基本(ben)功(gong)能基礎上(shang)將其(qi)建設成了(le)我國的邢(xing)(xing)窯(yao)研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、交流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。博(bo)(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古陶瓷學(xue)會、上(shang)海復旦大學(xue)博(bo)(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館、上(shang)海硅酸(suan)鹽研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、河(he)北省古陶瓷學(xue)會、河(he)南大學(xue)、河(he)北大學(xue)、河(he)北師范大學(xue)歷史文化學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國防衛科(ke)技(ji)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)傳(chuan)統文化研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、邢(xing)(xing)臺師院(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)國內科(ke)研(yan)院(yuan)(yuan)所,日本(ben)、韓國、香港、新加坡、臺灣故宮博(bo)(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)機構、高等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)(yuan)校開(kai)展合作(zuo)研(yan)究與學(xue)術(shu)交流。與北京(jing)藝術(shu)博(bo)(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館共同舉辦(ban)“千(qian)年迷蒙化春雪(xue)——邢(xing)(xing)瓷藝術(shu)展”等(deng)(deng)活動,合作(zuo)研(yan)究編寫出版《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古瓷窯(yao)大系?中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國邢(xing)(xing)窯(yao)》。
秉承社會(hui)效(xiao)益第一,服(fu)務社會(hui)公眾(zhong),建(jian)設(she)和諧家園的宗旨,免費向公眾(zhong)游客開放,宣傳弘揚(yang)傳統文化,培(pei)養(yang)民族感情。利用(yong)節假日,與(yu)中小學定期開展(zhan)(zhan)互動(dong),舉辦有(you)(you)關(guan)學術講座,普及有(you)(you)關(guan)知(zhi)識。以“5·18”博(bo)(bo)物館日、歷史文化遺產日為契(qi)機,結合相關(guan)活動(dong)主(zhu)題(ti),開展(zhan)(zhan)各種相關(guan)活動(dong)。博(bo)(bo)物館后(hou)面建(jian)有(you)(you)唐代風格的邢窯作坊,既增添了博(bo)(bo)物館濃厚的歷史氛圍,又可(ke)使游客與(yu)民眾(zhong)進行體驗之旅。