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任人唯賢（rèn rén wéi xián）是一(yi)個成語，最早出自于戰國《尚書·咸(xian)有一(yi)德(de)》。

任人唯賢指任用官(guan)員只以德(de)才(cai)優秀(xiu)作(zuo)為標準，含褒義；在句中(zhong)一般(ban)作(zuo)謂語(yu)、定語(yu)、賓語(yu)、分(fen)句。

成語出處

戰國《尚書·咸有一德》：“任官惟賢才，左右惟其人。”

后世(shi)據此(ci)典故引申出成語“任人(ren)唯賢”。

成語故事

春秋時期，齊國的(de)(de)國君襄(xiang)公(gong)殘暴荒唐，連他(ta)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)兄弟都(dou)逃到(dao)(dao)別(bie)國去(qu)了。這兩個(ge)兄弟是(shi)兩個(ge)母親生(sheng)的(de)(de)。一個(ge)叫(jiao)公(gong)子糾，逃到(dao)(dao)了魯國。一個(ge)叫(jiao)公(gong)子小白，逃到(dao)(dao)了莒(ju)國。公(gong)子糾的(de)(de)師傅是(shi)管仲，公(gong)子小白的(de)(de)師傅是(shi)鮑叔(shu)牙。

后來(lai)，齊(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)人殺死了(le)。第二年春天(tian)，齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的大臣派使者迎接公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾(jiu)回去做國(guo)(guo)君。魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)的國(guo)(guo)君魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)親自派兵(bing)護送(song)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾(jiu)的師(shi)傅管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)怕逃亡在(zai)(zai)莒國(guo)(guo)的公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)因(yin)為(wei)離(li)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)近搶先(xian)回國(guo)(guo)奪到(dao)(dao)君位，所以經莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同意，先(xian)帶領一(yi)支人馬(ma)去攔(lan)住(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)。走到(dao)(dao)即墨(mo)，聽人說公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)已經跑在(zai)(zai)頭里(li)(li)了(le)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)使勁地追，追了(le)三十多(duo)里(li)(li)路(lu)才追上(shang)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)瞧見公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)坐在(zai)(zai)車(che)里(li)(li)，也不(bu)多(duo)說，偷(tou)偷(tou)地拿起弓箭，對準了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)，“嗖”的一(yi)箭射過去。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)大叫(jiao)一(yi)聲(sheng)，口吐鮮(xian)血，倒在(zai)(zai)車(che)子(zi)里(li)(li)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)看(kan)，以為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)死了(le)，他想(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾(jiu)的君位必定穩坐了(le)，便不(bu)慌不(bu)忙(mang)地回魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)去護送(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾(jiu)到(dao)(dao)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)去。

誰知道(dao)公子小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白并沒有死，只是咬破(po)舌頭，弄(nong)得滿口鮮血裝死罷了。鮑叔(shu)牙護著小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白抄小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)趕到(dao)都城臨淄。鮑叔(shu)牙硬(ying)是說服了大臣們(men)，立(li)公子小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白為國君，也就是齊桓(huan)公。

不久，魯國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)兵馬送公(gong)(gong)子糾回到了(le)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)地界。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)鮑叔牙(ya)立即請齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)發(fa)兵抵(di)抗，于是齊(qi)魯之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)發(fa)生戰爭。魯軍大敗，只得(de)答應(ying)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)條件，將公(gong)(gong)子糾逼死，又把(ba)管仲抓起(qi)來。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)使(shi)者表示，管仲射過他(ta)們的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)君，國(guo)(guo)君要報(bao)一箭之(zhi)(zhi)仇，非親手殺了(le)他(ta)不可，所以一定要將他(ta)押到齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)去。魯莊公(gong)(gong)只好把(ba)管仲裝上囚車，押回齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)。

管(guan)仲被捆綁著，從(cong)魯國押往齊國。一路上(shang)，他(ta)又饑又渴，吃(chi)了許(xu)多苦頭。來到綺烏(wu)這個地方時(shi)，他(ta)去見(jian)那里守衛邊界(jie)的官員，請求給點飯吃(chi)。不料，那守邊界(jie)的官員竟跪在地上(shang)，端(duan)飯給管(guan)仲吃(chi)，神情十分(fen)恭敬。等管(guan)仲吃(chi)好飯，他(ta)私下間(jian)道(dao)(dao)：“如(ru)果您(nin)(nin)到齊國后，僥(jiao)幸沒有被殺而得(de)到任(ren)用(yong)，您(nin)(nin)將怎樣報答我(wo)(wo)？”管(guan)仲回答道(dao)(dao)：“要是照(zhao)你所(suo)說(shuo)的那樣，我(wo)(wo)得(de)到任(ren)用(yong)，我(wo)(wo)將要任(ren)用(yong)賢人，使用(yong)能(neng)人，評賞有功的人，我(wo)(wo)能(neng)拿什么報答您(nin)(nin)呢(ni)？”

等到管(guan)仲(zhong)一(yi)回到齊國，鮑(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)就親自到城外迎(ying)接。接著，鮑(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)大(da)力(li)把管(guan)仲(zhong)保舉給齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說：“他拿箭射(she)我，要(yao)我的(de)命，你(ni)還叫我用他嗎？”鮑(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)說：“那(nei)會兒(er)他是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾的(de)師傅(fu)，管(guan)仲(zhong)自然(ran)冒死幫著公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾了。管(guan)仲(zhong)的(de)本(ben)領(ling)比我強十倍。主公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)是用他，他準能給您立(li)大(da)功。”齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)聽(ting)了鮑(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)的(de)話，立(li)即(ji)拜管(guan)仲(zhong)為相國。鮑(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)反倒(dao)做了管(guan)仲(zhong)的(de)副(fu)手。管(guan)仲(zhong)當(dang)相國以后，發揮(hui)他的(de)政治才能，大(da)力(li)實行改革(ge)，使齊國的(de)國力(li)迅速增強。七年后，齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就稱霸(ba)四方(fang)，不久，齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就成了春秋第一(yi)霸(ba)。

成語寓意

無論(lun)是創業還是守業，都離不(bu)開人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)。雖(sui)說匯聚人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)需要(yao)海納(na)百(bai)川的(de)精神，但水多容易泛濫，人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)競爭過于(yu)激烈(lie)，容易出(chu)現魚(yu)目混珠、良莠不(bu)齊的(de)情況。因(yin)此，執政者(zhe)必須善于(yu)發現人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，舉薦人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，團結人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，使用人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能推動事業不(bu)斷向前(qian)發展。而最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則，那(nei)就(jiu)是任人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯賢。要(yao)求執政者(zhe)在選拔人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)時，不(bu)要(yao)考(kao)慮人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)身份、背景以及與自己(ji)的(de)關系，敢用有缺點的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，并能做到用人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)疑(yi)，疑(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)用。正因(yin)為(wei)(wei)有這(zhe)樣的(de)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則，西漢劉敬(jing)、三(san)國諸葛亮等賢能之士才(cai)(cai)(cai)能夠(gou)“朝為(wei)(wei)田舍郎，暮登天子堂”。

成語用法

成文用法

“任人唯賢”指(zhi)任用官員(yuan)只以德才優秀作為標準。

含褒義；在句(ju)中一(yi)般作謂語(yu)、定語(yu)、賓語(yu)、分(fen)句(ju)。

運用示例

毛澤東《中國共產黨在民(min)族戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中的地位》：“有獨立的工(gong)作(zuo)能力(li)，積極(ji)肯干(gan)，不謀私(si)利為標準，這就(jiu)是任(ren)人唯(wei)賢的路線。”

作家·凌力(li)《星星草(cao)》：“文狀(zhuang)元、武狀(zhuang)元、農(nong)狀(zhuang)元、工狀(zhuang)元、醫狀(zhuang)元，都要(yao)選，以才(cai)取(qu)人(ren)，任人(ren)唯賢。那時天國人(ren)才(cai)濟(ji)濟(ji)，英杰(jie)歸真，咱們可就更該興(xing)旺羅！”

成語辨析

任人唯賢—知人善用

“任(ren)人唯賢(xian)”和(he)“知人善任(ren)”兩者都含有(you)“善于使用(yong)人”的意思(si)。但“任(ren)人唯賢(xian)”是指一種用(yong)人原(yuan)則或態度，“知人善任(ren)”則多(duo)指方法(fa)或技巧。