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館史簡介

館址利用清代建筑護國寺、忠義詞改建，占地面積3950平方米，建筑面積2975平方米，分為三個陳列室。陳(chen)(chen)列面積800平方米，展線長(chang)240米，陳(chen)(chen)列內(nei)容為(wei)(wei)釣魚(yu)城抗戰(zhan)史為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)線，共分古戰(zhan)史上的(de)奇跡、“典型(xing)的(de)軍事設施”、“文(wen)(wen)(wen)物與(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻資料”、“歷(li)(li)史人物”、“古今(jin)吟(yin)詠”五(wu)個部分，展品(pin)數量(liang)共1300余件，其中釣魚(yu)城出(chu)土文(wen)(wen)(wen)物476件、歷(li)(li)代(dai)碑刻17件、標本(ben)和文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻547件，輔助展品(pin)如(ru)模型(xing)、照片、圖表、沙盤以及烘托主(zhu)題的(de)繪(hui)畫(hua)、雕塑(su)等藝術(shu)作品(pin)有200余件。在陳(chen)(chen)列形(xing)式上，力求內(nei)容和形(xing)式的(de)統(tong)一，藝術(shu)形(xing)象(xiang)的(de)鮮明、生動，以此(ci)再(zai)現南宋(song)晚期宋(song)蒙(元)戰(zhan)爭的(de)歷(li)(li)史進程，突出(chu)合州釣魚(yu)城軍民抗戰(zhan)36年的(de)豐(feng)功偉績。與(yu)此(ci)同時，陳(chen)(chen)列還集中展示了(le)我國宋(song)代(dai)冷兵器年代(dai)的(de)概況，以及在火(huo)器方面的(de)飛躍發展。館(guan)內現有宋代刀(dao)劍、瓷器、錢(qian)幣、金屬(shu)飾器和當今名人書(shu)畫藏品近千(qian)件。

歷史沿革

南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)以(yi)(yi)前的釣(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)是沒有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的，自南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)末 ，蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)古時時攻(gong)(gong)宋(song)(song)(song)，殘破巴蜀(shu)(shu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保有(you)(you)上游這塊戰略要(yao)地，嘉熙(xi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1240年(nian)(nian)(nian)），彭大雅任四(si)川(chuan)安(an)撫制(zhi)置(zhi)副使(shi)，駐守重(zhong)(zhong)慶，派部(bu)將(jiang)甘閏主(zhu)持重(zhong)(zhong)慶門戶合州防務，在(zai)(zai)釣(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)修(xiu)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寨。淳(chun)佑(you)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1242年(nian)(nian)(nian)），余(yu)介任四(si)川(chuan)安(an)撫制(zhi)置(zhi)使(shi)兼(jian)知重(zhong)(zhong)慶府事(shi)，他針(zhen)對(dui)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)古騎兵機(ji)動(dong)性(xing)強的特點，采納播州（今貴州遵義）人(ren)(ren)冉進、冉璞兄弟(di)的建(jian)議，“守蜀(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計在(zai)(zai)于守合州，守合州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計在(zai)(zai)于守釣(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。充分發(fa)揮四(si)川(chuan)大山(shan)深谷，激流險灘(tan)的優勢，依山(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壘，修(xiu)筑(zhu)釣(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、天生(sheng)(sheng)、云頂(ding)等十(shi)余(yu)座(zuo)山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，將(jiang)有(you)(you)關府、州、縣治遷(qian)徙其上。最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共有(you)(you)八座(zuo)，號稱“八柱(zhu)”，大小山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)星(xing)羅棋布，形成了(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)釣(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的全川(chuan)防御體系。淳(chun)佑(you)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1243年(nian)(nian)(nian)），釣(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正式修(xiu)浚，寶佑(you)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1258年(nian)(nian)(nian)），大汗(han)(han)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)哥(ge)分三路南(nan)下，欲一(yi)戰滅宋(song)(song)(song)，以(yi)(yi)忽必烈(lie)攻(gong)(gong)襄陽、潭州，以(yi)(yi)另(ling)一(yi)支(zhi)軍(jun)攻(gong)(gong)淮南(nan)。蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)哥(ge)自率軍(jun)4萬，號稱10萬，由(you)隴州（近陜西千陽）入大散關，一(yi)路南(nan)下，勢如(ru)破竹(zhu)。蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)軍(jun)從(cong)利州（今四(si)川(chuan)廣(guang)元(yuan)），僅僅10個月，攻(gong)(gong)陷(xian)成都(dou)以(yi)(yi)及川(chuan)西北全部(bu)府州。開慶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1259年(nian)(nian)(nian)）二(er)月初二(er)，蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)哥(ge)汗(han)(han)親督全軍(jun)攻(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，一(yi)直到是年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏七月，竟(jing)然不能(neng)入魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)步。蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)軍(jun)大將(jiang)汪德臣反而戰死(si)(si)，蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)哥(ge)痛(tong)心(xin)憤怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)，命(ming)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)東門對(dui)峙的腦頂(ding)坪筑(zhu)臺樓以(yi)(yi)觀虛實(shi)，被(bei)當時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)將(jiang)王堅發(fa)現炮擊，大汗(han)(han)竟(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)炮風所中(zhong)(zhong)。王堅又命(ming)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)鮮(xian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)面餅投擲城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下，并致書(shu)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)哥(ge)“爾(er)北兵可烹鮮(xian)食餅，再守十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦不可得(de)也(ye)。”蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)哥(ge)得(de)書(shu)后，傷痛(tong)迸發(fa)，憤激道：“我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嬰疾，為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)，不諱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，若克此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，當盡(jin)屠(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。” 隨后死(si)(si)于軍(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)，當他殞亡消息傳到歐洲(zhou)，歐洲(zhou)人(ren)(ren)奔走相告：“上帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞭(bian)折(zhe)斷了(le)(le)！”（周一(yi)良、吳于廑《世界(jie)通史(shi)》第三冊）此(ci)戰也(ye)使(shi)南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)延緩了(le)(le)10余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)。

釣魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在元代被毀，今(jin)天只(zhi)能從(cong)(cong)它的遺址想見(jian)當(dang)日情景(jing)了。釣魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)（包括南、北兩(liang)(liang)道一字(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），總(zong)長約8公里，它沿著陡峭的山巖，用巨大的條(tiao)石壘砌而(er)成(cheng)，許多地段(duan)建(jian)在懸崖峭壁之上(shang)(shang)，易守難攻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)頂部，是(shi)石頭砌成(cheng)的跑馬(ma)道，寬(kuan)3.2米(mi)，可以同時通(tong)過三(san)匹馬(ma)或五(wu)位戰(zhan)士。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)之上(shang)(shang)，有高約2米(mi)的雉堞，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)還有不少墩臺(tai)和炮(pao)臺(tai)，墩臺(tai)用來放哨(shao)巡邏，長2米(mi)，寬(kuan)0.5米(mi)。炮(pao)臺(tai)用來發(fa)射滾木擂石和火(huo)藥武器(qi)，寬(kuan)達2.8米(mi)。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)，在釣魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的東部和南部，還采取了內外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的構建(jian)，以兩(liang)(liang)道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)構成(cheng)了雙層防線。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)，釣魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還修筑了兩(liang)(liang)道一字(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，從(cong)(cong)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)延伸(shen)(shen)到山腳下的嘉(jia)陵(ling)江岸邊。北一字(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)(cong)出奇門往北伸(shen)(shen)入江，已經(jing)湮(yin)滅為良田。南一字(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)(cong)飛檐洞經(jing)小東門延伸(shen)(shen)。兩(liang)(liang)道一字(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)聯成(cheng)一體，將(jiang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)山分為東、西(xi)兩(liang)(liang)半，高峻的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)曾(ceng)使蒙古丞相史天澤(ze)仰望(wang)高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)哀嘆：“云(yun)梯不可接，炮(pao)失不可至。”

釣魚城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)有八座(zuo)，分為：護國(guo)門(men)(men)、始關(guan)門(men)(men)、小東門(men)(men)、新東門(men)(men)、青華門(men)(men)、出奇(qi)門(men)(men)、奇(qi)勝(sheng)門(men)(men)、鎮西(xi)門(men)(men)。護國(guo)門(men)(men)是最大的一座(zuo)，兩面都是懸崖(ya)峭壁，當年魚城(cheng)(cheng)軍(jun)民在這里是以棧道出入，因(yin)此(ci)相(xiang)當難(nan)攻。現已成為重要景(jing)點(dian)之(zhi)一。新東門(men)(men)就(jiu)是炮打蒙哥的地方(fang)，也是保存最完整的城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。鎮西(xi)門(men)(men)則是擊(ji)斃汪德臣之(zhi)地。