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館史簡介

館址利用清代建筑護國寺、忠義詞改建，占地面積3950平方米，建筑面積2975平方米，分為三個陳列室。陳列(lie)面(mian)積800平方米，展線長240米，陳列(lie)內容為釣(diao)魚城抗(kang)戰(zhan)史為主(zhu)線，共(gong)分古戰(zhan)史上的(de)(de)(de)奇(qi)跡、“典型的(de)(de)(de)軍事設施”、“文物(wu)(wu)與文獻(xian)資料(liao)”、“歷(li)史人物(wu)(wu)”、“古今(jin)吟詠”五(wu)個(ge)部分，展品(pin)數量共(gong)1300余件(jian)，其中釣(diao)魚城出(chu)土文物(wu)(wu)476件(jian)、歷(li)代(dai)碑刻(ke)17件(jian)、標本和(he)文獻(xian)547件(jian)，輔助展品(pin)如模型、照(zhao)片、圖表、沙盤(pan)以(yi)及烘托(tuo)主(zhu)題的(de)(de)(de)繪(hui)畫(hua)、雕塑等藝(yi)術(shu)作品(pin)有(you)200余件(jian)。在陳列(lie)形(xing)式上，力求內容和(he)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)統一，藝(yi)術(shu)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)鮮明、生動，以(yi)此再現南(nan)宋晚期(qi)宋蒙(元(yuan))戰(zhan)爭的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史進程，突出(chu)合(he)州釣(diao)魚城軍民抗(kang)戰(zhan)36年的(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)功偉(wei)績(ji)。與此同(tong)時，陳列(lie)還集中展示了我國(guo)宋代(dai)冷兵器(qi)年代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)況(kuang)，以(yi)及在火器(qi)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)飛躍發展。館內(nei)現有宋代刀劍、瓷器、錢(qian)幣、金屬飾(shi)器和當今名人書(shu)畫藏品近千件(jian)。

歷史沿革

南(nan)宋(song)以前的(de)釣(diao)魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是沒(mei)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，自(zi)(zi)南(nan)宋(song)末 ，蒙(meng)古時時攻(gong)宋(song)，殘(can)破巴蜀，為了(le)(le)(le)保有(you)上(shang)游(you)這塊戰略(lve)要地，嘉熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1240年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），彭(peng)大(da)雅任(ren)四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)安(an)撫制置(zhi)副使(shi)，駐守(shou)重(zhong)(zhong)慶，派(pai)部將(jiang)甘閏主持重(zhong)(zhong)慶門戶合州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)防務，在釣(diao)魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寨。淳(chun)佑二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1242年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），余(yu)(yu)介任(ren)四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)安(an)撫制置(zhi)使(shi)兼知重(zhong)(zhong)慶府(fu)事，他(ta)針對蒙(meng)古騎兵機動性強的(de)特點，采納播州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（今貴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)遵義(yi)）人冉進、冉璞兄弟的(de)建議，“守(shou)蜀之(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)在于守(shou)合州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，守(shou)合州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)在于守(shou)釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。充分(fen)發揮(hui)四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)深谷(gu)，激流險灘的(de)優勢，依山(shan)(shan)(shan)為壘(lei)，修(xiu)筑釣(diao)魚(yu)、天生(sheng)、云(yun)頂(ding)等十(shi)余(yu)(yu)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，將(jiang)有(you)關(guan)(guan)府(fu)、州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、縣治遷徙其上(shang)。最(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)有(you)八座，號稱(cheng)(cheng)“八柱”，大(da)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)星(xing)羅棋布(bu)，形成了(le)(le)(le)以釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為中心(xin)的(de)全(quan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)防御體系。淳(chun)佑三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1243年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正式修(xiu)浚，寶佑六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1258年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），大(da)汗蒙(meng)哥(ge)(ge)分(fen)三路南(nan)下(xia)(xia)，欲一戰滅(mie)宋(song)，以忽必(bi)烈(lie)攻(gong)襄(xiang)陽(yang)、潭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，以另一支軍(jun)攻(gong)淮南(nan)。蒙(meng)哥(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)率軍(jun)4萬，號稱(cheng)(cheng)10萬，由隴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（近陜西千(qian)陽(yang)）入大(da)散關(guan)(guan)，一路南(nan)下(xia)(xia)，勢如破竹(zhu)。蒙(meng)軍(jun)從利(li)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（今四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)廣元），僅僅10個(ge)月，攻(gong)陷成都以及川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)西北全(quan)部府(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。開(kai)慶元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1259年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）二(er)月初(chu)二(er)，蒙(meng)哥(ge)(ge)汗親督全(quan)軍(jun)攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，一直(zhi)到(dao)是年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏七月，竟(jing)然不(bu)能入魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一步。蒙(meng)軍(jun)大(da)將(jiang)汪德(de)臣反而戰死，蒙(meng)哥(ge)(ge)痛心(xin)憤怒之(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)(yu)，命(ming)人在新(xin)東(dong)門對峙的(de)腦頂(ding)坪(ping)筑臺樓(lou)以觀虛實，被當(dang)時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中主將(jiang)王(wang)堅發現炮擊，大(da)汗竟(jing)為炮風所(suo)中。王(wang)堅又命(ming)人以鮮(xian)魚(yu)面餅投擲城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)(xia)，并致書(shu)蒙(meng)哥(ge)(ge)“爾北兵可烹(peng)鮮(xian)食(shi)餅，再守(shou)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦不(bu)可得也。”蒙(meng)哥(ge)(ge)得書(shu)后(hou)，傷痛迸發，憤激道：“我之(zhi)(zhi)嬰疾，為此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也，不(bu)諱之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，若克此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，當(dang)盡(jin)屠之(zhi)(zhi)。” 隨后(hou)死于軍(jun)中，當(dang)他(ta)殞亡消(xiao)息傳到(dao)歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)，歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)人奔(ben)走相告：“上(shang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)鞭折斷了(le)(le)(le)！”（周一良、吳于廑《世界(jie)通(tong)史》第三冊）此戰也使(shi)南(nan)宋(song)延緩了(le)(le)(le)10余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)。

釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)元(yuan)代被毀(hui)，今(jin)天只能(neng)從(cong)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址想(xiang)見當日情景了(le)(le)(le)。釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻（包括南(nan)、北(bei)兩(liang)(liang)道一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），總(zong)長約8公里，它(ta)沿著陡峭(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)山巖，用(yong)(yong)巨大的(de)(de)(de)條石壘砌而成(cheng)，許(xu)多地段建在(zai)(zai)懸(xuan)崖峭(qiao)壁之上(shang)，易守難攻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻頂部(bu)，是石頭砌成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)跑馬道，寬(kuan)3.2米(mi)，可(ke)以同(tong)時通(tong)過三匹馬或五位戰士。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻之上(shang)，有高約2米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)雉堞，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)還有不(bu)(bu)少墩臺和(he)炮臺，墩臺用(yong)(yong)來放哨巡邏(luo)，長2米(mi)，寬(kuan)0.5米(mi)。炮臺用(yong)(yong)來發射滾木擂石和(he)火(huo)藥武器(qi)，寬(kuan)達(da)2.8米(mi)。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)(wai)，在(zai)(zai)釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)東部(bu)和(he)南(nan)部(bu)，還采取了(le)(le)(le)內外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)構建，以兩(liang)(liang)道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻構成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)雙層防線。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)(wai)，釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還修筑(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)兩(liang)(liang)道一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，從(cong)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻延伸(shen)到(dao)山腳下的(de)(de)(de)嘉陵江岸邊。北(bei)一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)出(chu)奇門往(wang)北(bei)伸(shen)入江，已經(jing)湮(yin)滅為良(liang)田。南(nan)一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)飛檐洞經(jing)小東門延伸(shen)。兩(liang)(liang)道一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻聯成(cheng)一(yi)體，將魚(yu)山分為東、西兩(liang)(liang)半(ban)，高峻的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻曾使蒙古丞相(xiang)史天澤仰望高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)哀嘆：“云梯不(bu)(bu)可(ke)接，炮失不(bu)(bu)可(ke)至。”

釣魚(yu)城(cheng)門(men)(men)有(you)八座，分(fen)為：護國門(men)(men)、始關門(men)(men)、小東(dong)門(men)(men)、新(xin)東(dong)門(men)(men)、青(qing)華門(men)(men)、出奇門(men)(men)、奇勝門(men)(men)、鎮(zhen)西(xi)門(men)(men)。護國門(men)(men)是最(zui)大的一座，兩面都是懸崖峭壁(bi)，當(dang)年魚(yu)城(cheng)軍民在這(zhe)里(li)是以棧道出入，因此相當(dang)難攻。現已成為重要(yao)景點之一。新(xin)東(dong)門(men)(men)就是炮打蒙哥(ge)的地(di)方，也是保存(cun)最(zui)完整(zheng)的城(cheng)門(men)(men)。鎮(zhen)西(xi)門(men)(men)則是擊斃汪(wang)德臣之地(di)。