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館史簡介

館址利用清代建筑護國寺、忠義詞改建，占地面積3950平方米，建筑面積2975平方米，分為三個陳列室。陳(chen)列(lie)面積(ji)800平方米(mi)，展(zhan)(zhan)線長240米(mi)，陳(chen)列(lie)內(nei)容為(wei)釣(diao)魚城抗戰史為(wei)主線，共分古戰史上(shang)的(de)(de)奇跡、“典(dian)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)軍事設施”、“文物與文獻資(zi)料(liao)”、“歷史人物”、“古今吟(yin)詠”五個(ge)部分，展(zhan)(zhan)品數量共1300余件，其(qi)中釣(diao)魚城出(chu)土文物476件、歷代碑刻17件、標本和文獻547件，輔(fu)助展(zhan)(zhan)品如(ru)模型(xing)(xing)、照(zhao)片(pian)、圖表(biao)、沙(sha)盤(pan)以及烘(hong)托主題的(de)(de)繪畫、雕塑等藝術作品有200余件。在陳(chen)列(lie)形(xing)(xing)式上(shang)，力求內(nei)容和形(xing)(xing)式的(de)(de)統一，藝術形(xing)(xing)象的(de)(de)鮮明(ming)、生動，以此(ci)再現南宋(song)(song)晚(wan)期宋(song)(song)蒙(元)戰爭的(de)(de)歷史進(jin)程，突出(chu)合州釣(diao)魚城軍民抗戰36年的(de)(de)豐功偉績(ji)。與此(ci)同時，陳(chen)列(lie)還集中展(zhan)(zhan)示了我國宋(song)(song)代冷(leng)兵(bing)器(qi)年代的(de)(de)概況(kuang)，以及在火器(qi)方面的(de)(de)飛躍(yue)發展(zhan)(zhan)。館內現有宋代刀劍、瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)、錢幣、金屬飾器(qi)(qi)和當今名人書畫(hua)藏品(pin)近千件。

歷史沿革

南(nan)宋(song)以(yi)前的(de)(de)釣(diao)魚(yu)山是沒有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，自南(nan)宋(song)末 ，蒙(meng)(meng)古時時攻(gong)宋(song)，殘破巴(ba)蜀，為(wei)了(le)保(bao)有(you)上(shang)游(you)這塊戰(zhan)略要地，嘉熙(xi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)（1240年(nian)(nian)），彭(peng)大(da)雅任四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)安撫制(zhi)置副使(shi)(shi)，駐守重慶(qing)，派部將(jiang)(jiang)甘閏主持重慶(qing)門戶合(he)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)防務，在(zai)釣(diao)魚(yu)山修(xiu)(xiu)筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寨。淳(chun)(chun)佑(you)二年(nian)(nian)（1242年(nian)(nian)），余(yu)介任四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)安撫制(zhi)置使(shi)(shi)兼知重慶(qing)府事，他(ta)針對(dui)蒙(meng)(meng)古騎兵機動性強的(de)(de)特點，采納播州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（今貴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)遵義）人(ren)冉進、冉璞兄弟的(de)(de)建議，“守蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計在(zai)于(yu)守合(he)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，守合(he)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計在(zai)于(yu)守釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。充分發揮四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)大(da)山深(shen)谷，激流險灘的(de)(de)優勢，依山為(wei)壘，修(xiu)(xiu)筑釣(diao)魚(yu)、天生、云頂(ding)等(deng)十余(yu)座山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，將(jiang)(jiang)有(you)關(guan)府、州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、縣治(zhi)遷徙其上(shang)。最重要的(de)(de)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共有(you)八座，號稱“八柱”，大(da)小(xiao)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)星羅棋布，形成了(le)以(yi)釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中心的(de)(de)全川(chuan)(chuan)防御體系。淳(chun)(chun)佑(you)三(san)年(nian)(nian)（1243年(nian)(nian)），釣(diao)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正式修(xiu)(xiu)浚，寶佑(you)六年(nian)(nian)（1258年(nian)(nian)），大(da)汗(han)蒙(meng)(meng)哥(ge)分三(san)路南(nan)下，欲一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)滅(mie)宋(song)，以(yi)忽必烈攻(gong)襄陽、潭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，以(yi)另一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)淮南(nan)。蒙(meng)(meng)哥(ge)自率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)4萬，號稱10萬，由(you)隴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（近(jin)陜西千陽）入(ru)大(da)散(san)關(guan)，一(yi)(yi)路南(nan)下，勢如破竹(zhu)。蒙(meng)(meng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)從(cong)利州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（今四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)廣元），僅(jin)僅(jin)10個月，攻(gong)陷成都以(yi)及(ji)川(chuan)(chuan)西北(bei)全部府州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。開慶(qing)元年(nian)(nian)（1259年(nian)(nian)）二月初二，蒙(meng)(meng)哥(ge)汗(han)親督全軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，一(yi)(yi)直到是年(nian)(nian)夏七月，竟然不能入(ru)魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)步。蒙(meng)(meng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)汪德臣反而戰(zhan)死，蒙(meng)(meng)哥(ge)痛心憤怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)，命人(ren)在(zai)新東門對(dui)峙的(de)(de)腦頂(ding)坪筑臺樓(lou)以(yi)觀虛(xu)實(shi)，被當(dang)時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中主將(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)堅發現炮擊，大(da)汗(han)竟為(wei)炮風所(suo)中。王(wang)堅又命人(ren)以(yi)鮮魚(yu)面餅投擲城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下，并(bing)致書(shu)蒙(meng)(meng)哥(ge)“爾北(bei)兵可(ke)烹鮮食餅，再守十年(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦(yi)不可(ke)得也。”蒙(meng)(meng)哥(ge)得書(shu)后，傷(shang)痛迸發，憤激道：“我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嬰(ying)疾，為(wei)此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也，不諱(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，若克此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，當(dang)盡屠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。” 隨后死于(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)中，當(dang)他(ta)殞亡(wang)消息傳到歐洲(zhou)，歐洲(zhou)人(ren)奔走相告：“上(shang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞭(bian)折(zhe)斷了(le)！”（周(zhou)一(yi)(yi)良、吳于(yu)廑《世界通史》第三(san)冊）此戰(zhan)也使(shi)(shi)南(nan)宋(song)延緩(huan)了(le)10余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)生命。

釣(diao)(diao)魚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)元代被毀，今天只(zhi)能從它的(de)(de)遺(yi)址想見(jian)當日情(qing)景了。釣(diao)(diao)魚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)（包括南、北兩道(dao)(dao)一(yi)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），總長約8公里，它沿著陡峭的(de)(de)山(shan)巖(yan)，用(yong)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)條石(shi)壘砌而成(cheng)，許多地段(duan)建在(zai)懸(xuan)崖(ya)峭壁之(zhi)上(shang)，易守難(nan)攻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)頂部(bu)，是石(shi)頭砌成(cheng)的(de)(de)跑馬(ma)道(dao)(dao)，寬(kuan)(kuan)3.2米，可(ke)以(yi)同(tong)時通(tong)過(guo)三匹馬(ma)或五位戰士。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)之(zhi)上(shang)，有(you)高約2米的(de)(de)雉堞，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)還有(you)不少墩(dun)(dun)臺(tai)和(he)(he)炮(pao)臺(tai)，墩(dun)(dun)臺(tai)用(yong)來放哨(shao)巡邏，長2米，寬(kuan)(kuan)0.5米。炮(pao)臺(tai)用(yong)來發射滾木擂石(shi)和(he)(he)火藥(yao)武(wu)器，寬(kuan)(kuan)達2.8米。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)，在(zai)釣(diao)(diao)魚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)東(dong)部(bu)和(he)(he)南部(bu)，還采(cai)取了內外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)構(gou)建，以(yi)兩道(dao)(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)構(gou)成(cheng)了雙層防線。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)，釣(diao)(diao)魚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還修筑了兩道(dao)(dao)一(yi)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，從主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)延伸到(dao)山(shan)腳下的(de)(de)嘉陵江(jiang)岸邊。北一(yi)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從出奇(qi)門(men)往北伸入江(jiang)，已經湮滅為良田。南一(yi)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從飛檐洞經小東(dong)門(men)延伸。兩道(dao)(dao)一(yi)字城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)聯成(cheng)一(yi)體，將(jiang)魚山(shan)分為東(dong)、西兩半，高峻的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)曾使蒙古(gu)丞相史天澤仰望高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)哀嘆：“云梯不可(ke)接，炮(pao)失不可(ke)至。”

釣魚城門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)有八座，分為：護國(guo)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、始關門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、小(xiao)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、新(xin)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、青華門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、出奇門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、奇勝門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)西門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。護國(guo)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)大的(de)一座，兩面(mian)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)懸崖峭壁，當年魚城軍(jun)民在這里(li)是(shi)(shi)以棧道出入，因此相當難攻。現(xian)已成為重要景點之(zhi)(zhi)一。新(xin)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)炮打蒙哥(ge)的(de)地方，也是(shi)(shi)保存最(zui)完整的(de)城門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。鎮(zhen)(zhen)西門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)則是(shi)(shi)擊(ji)斃汪德臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)地。