全國重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單位戒(jie)臺寺(si)(si)(si),位于(yu)北(bei)京(jing)門(men)(men)頭溝(gou)區馬鞍山(shan)麓,距京(jing)城(cheng)35公里,離區政府11公里,西靠極樂峰,南倚六(liu)國嶺(ling),北(bei)對石(shi)龍山(shan),東眺北(bei)京(jing)城(cheng),海拔300多(duo)米,屬溫帶大陸性(xing)氣候(hou),春(chun)季(ji)(ji)干旱多(duo)風沙,夏季(ji)(ji)溫暖多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)(ji)涼爽濕潤,冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷干燥。寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)坐西朝東,建(jian)筑高(gao)峻宏(hong)偉,景色綺(qi)麗。戒(jie)臺寺(si)(si)(si)始建(jian)于(yu)隋朝,至今已有(you)1400多(duo)年(nian)的(de)歷史,在中國佛教(jiao)界占有(you)重(zhong)要地位,由于(yu)寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)的(de)戒(jie)壇可以授(shou)佛門(men)(men)高(gao)戒(jie)律菩薩(sa)戒(jie),因而成為中國佛教(jiao)高(gao)學(xue)府之一。整座(zuo)寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)既(ji)有(you)北(bei)方寺(si)(si)(si)廟巍峨宏(hong)大的(de)氣勢,又(you)(you)有(you)江南園林清幽秀雅(ya)的(de)情趣,既(ji)有(you)濃(nong)重(zhong)的(de)佛教(jiao)色彩,又(you)(you)有(you)神奇(qi)秀美的(de)自(zi)然景觀(guan)。1997年(nian)初(chu)經有(you)關部(bu)門(men)(men)批(pi)準,僧團進駐(zhu),恢(hui)復為宗教(jiao)活動(dong)所。戒(jie)臺寺(si)(si)(si)夙以“戒(jie)壇”、“奇(qi)松”、“古洞”而著(zhu)稱于(yu)世,寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)戒(jie)壇肇建(jian)于(yu)遼代(dai)咸雍五年(nian),是(shi)“全國三大戒(jie)壇”之首,故有(you)“天下第一壇”之稱。
戒臺寺內外滿山清(qing)(qing)翠(cui),古(gu)樹成林(lin)。其(qi)中,國家一二(er)級保護樹木就(jiu)有(you)88棵(ke),其(qi)樹種(zhong)有(you)油松(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)、側(ce)柏、國槐、銀(yin)杏等。其(qi)中數(shu)量多的(de)(de)是松(song)(song)樹,著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)當(dang)屬古(gu)松(song)(song)。這(zhe)些古(gu)松(song)(song)經過了(le)(le)千百年風霜雪(xue)雨的(de)(de)磨礪(li),形成了(le)(le)各種(zhong)奇特(te)的(de)(de)造型,具(ju)有(you)很高的(de)(de)欣賞價值(zhi),是歷代文人雅(ya)士贊詠的(de)(de)寵物(wu)。明(ming)清(qing)(qing)時期(qi),戒臺寺的(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)就(jiu)已(yi)經聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)天(tian)下。如九(jiu)龍松(song)(song)、抱塔松(song)(song)、臥(wo)龍松(song)(song)、自在松(song)(song)、活動(dong)松(song)(song)等。
戒臺寺始建于隋(sui)開皇年間(jian),公元581年。被當時稱為佛門棟梁的智(zhi)周大和尚帶領(ling)弟子開山(shan)建寺。遼代法均大師,在此(ci)首創(chuang)戒臺。中興之(zhi)祖智(zhi)幻(huan),寺院(yuan)香火繚(liao)繞,廟宇巍峨。上至(zhi)皇室(shi)宗親,下至(zhi)百(bai)姓(xing)信(xin)眾,都以在戒臺寺受戒吃齋念佛為榮。
戒(jie)臺(tai)寺齋堂(tang)坐落于戒(jie)臺(tai)寺大雄寶殿南墻外(wai),在(zai)歷(li)史上也隨戒(jie)臺(tai)寺幾經興衰,但不論興衰與否,齋堂(tang)依舊作為(wei)為(wei)民舍(she)粥、寺院(yuan)僧眾吃齋之場所(suo)。在(zai)抗日年間北平城(cheng)外(wai),逃(tao)難百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)無家可(ke)歸,戒(jie)臺(tai)寺在(zai)當時(shi)便(bian)成為(wei)逃(tao)難百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)遮風(feng)避雨的一處居所(suo),而(er)齋堂(tang)在(zai)當時(shi)可(ke)謂是(shi)百(bai)(bai)家廚房。寺院(yuan)舍(she)粥,百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)互(hu)幫互(hu)助,在(zai)此度(du)過了中國艱難的時(shi)刻。
京西(xi)古(gu)剎戒臺寺內(nei)(nei)有一座大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting),原(yuan)是地藏院的(de)附屬建筑。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)為(wei)(wei)卷棚頂(ding),四(si)根支柱(zhu)呈八(ba)字形(xing)叉開斜立,式樣別(bie)致。在亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)原(yuan)掛(gua)有一口(kou)高(gao)3.2米(mi),下(xia)口(kou)直徑2.2米(mi)的(de)大(da)(da)鐵鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),名叫幽(you)瞑鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主要供每(mei)年(nian)的(de)7月(yue)30日戒臺寺做(zuo)地藏法會(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)位(wei)于(yu)寺院東(dong)北角6米(mi)多(duo)高(gao)的(de)臺基(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,背后三(san)面(mian)(mian)環山(shan),前方(fang)東(dong)望(wang)平原(yuan),居高(gao)臨下(xia),毫無遮攔。由(you)于(yu)三(san)面(mian)(mian)環山(shan)形(xing)成了一個天然巨大(da)(da)的(de)共(gong)鳴箱,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)經過震蕩共(gong)鳴,被(bei)環山(shan)反射而(er)回,從東(dong)北側(ce)開口(kou)處沖出(chu),因(yin)而(er)可以傳(chuan)得很遠,據說在四(si)十里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遙的(de)阜城門外八(ba)里莊都能聽得見(jian)。現今幽(you)瞑鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已不存在,大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)掛(gua)有一口(kou)明景泰(tai)銅鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)1.6米(mi),下(xia)口(kou)直徑0.9米(mi),壁(bi)厚8厘米(mi),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紐高(gao)0.3米(mi)。此(ci)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)峰(feng)波(bo)形(xing)口(kou),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紐為(wei)(wei)虹(hong)形(xing)雙龍頭蒲牢,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體上鑄(zhu)有云紋(wen),銘為(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)明景泰(tai)年(nian)月(yue)日制”。此(ci)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)掛(gua)在戒壇大(da)(da)殿內(nei)(nei),供舉行受戒儀式之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。公園管理處為(wei)(wei)了增添游藝(yi)項目,而(er)將此(ci)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移到了大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting),供游客撞(zhuang)擊娛樂。這口(kou)銅鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雖(sui)然比原(yuan)來的(de)大(da)(da)鐵鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要小得多(duo),但鑄(zhu)造精美(mei),工藝(yi)考究,線條流暢。
丁(ding)香花(hua)是戒臺寺園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內珍貴的花(hua)木(mu)之一,現(xian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內現(xian)有(you)丁(ding)香約1000余(yu)株,其中(zhong)樹(shu)齡在二百年以(yi)上的有(you)20株,是乾隆(long)皇帝初游戒臺寺時(shi)為了(le)給古剎(cha)增(zeng)輝御賜的,是從圓明園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的暢春園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)移植(zhi)過來(lai)的。
真武(wu)(wu)大帝(di)又稱(cheng)(cheng)玄天上帝(di)、玄武(wu)(wu)大帝(di)、佑圣真君玄天上帝(di),全(quan)稱(cheng)(cheng)真武(wu)(wu)蕩魔(mo)大帝(di),為(wei)神(shen)仙中赫(he)赫(he)有名(ming)的(de)玉京尊神(shen)。現在(zai)湖北武(wu)(wu)當山信奉(feng)的(de)主神(shen)就(jiu)是真武(wu)(wu)大帝(di),道經(jing)中稱(cheng)(cheng)他為(wei)“鎮(zhen)天真武(wu)(wu)靈應佑圣帝(di)君”,簡稱(cheng)(cheng)“真武(wu)(wu)帝(di)君”。民間(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)蕩魔(mo)天尊、報(bao)恩祖(zu)師、披發祖(zu)師。明朝以后,在(zai)全(quan)國影響極大,近(jin)代民間(jian)信仰尤(you)為(wei)普遍。
為(wei)南(nan)軸(zhou)線上(shang)的第(di)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)。兩側與院墻相連,左右各有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個旁門(men)。殿(dian)(dian)前有(you)(you)石獅子(zi)一(yi)(yi)對,并立有(you)(you)清康熙(xi)皇帝撰文的“萬壽寺戒壇碑記(ji)。”山(shan)門(men)殿(dian)(dian)面闊三間,單檐廡殿(dian)(dian)頂,灰筒瓦(wa)覆頂。四角掛有(you)(you)風鈴,門(men)額(e)上(shang)掛“山(shan)門(men)殿(dian)(dian)”斗子(zi)金(jin)(jin)匾。殿(dian)(dian)內前后貫通(tong),中間為(wei)通(tong)洞。兩側各立有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)尊泥質彩繪的護法神塑像(xiang),一(yi)(yi)為(wei)密執金(jin)(jin)剛,一(yi)(yi)為(wei)那羅延金(jin)(jin)剛。
8:30-17:30(夏(xia)季)
8:30-16:30(冬季)
自駕:
1、沿阜(fu)石(shi)路向(xiang)(xiang)西—雙(shuang)峪環島向(xiang)(xiang)南—石(shi)門營環—108國道輔路7公里即到(dao)
2、自西客站沿(yan)蓮石(shi)路(lu)向西—臥龍崗—石(shi)門營(ying)環(huan)—108國道輔(fu)路(lu)7公里(li)即到(2、3、4環(huan)有(you)進出口)
3、長安街西(xi)行(xing)—首(shou)鋼廠東門右行(xing)—石(shi)景山立交橋左行(xing)—雙(shuang)峪環島向南
公交:
乘地(di)鐵到蘋果(guo)園站(zhan)下,換(huan)乘948路公交(jiao)到戒(jie)臺寺站(zhan)下車