全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位戒(jie)臺寺(si),位于(yu)(yu)北京門頭溝區(qu)馬鞍山麓,距京城35公(gong)(gong)里,離(li)區(qu)政(zheng)府11公(gong)(gong)里,西靠極樂峰,南倚(yi)六(liu)國(guo)(guo)嶺,北對石(shi)龍(long)山,東眺北京城,海拔300多米(mi),屬溫帶大陸性氣(qi)候,春季(ji)干(gan)旱多風沙,夏季(ji)溫暖多雨,秋季(ji)涼爽濕潤,冬季(ji)寒冷干(gan)燥(zao)。寺(si)院坐西朝東,建筑高(gao)峻(jun)宏偉(wei),景(jing)色綺(qi)麗(li)。戒(jie)臺寺(si)始(shi)建于(yu)(yu)隋(sui)朝,至(zhi)今已有1400多年(nian)的歷史,在中國(guo)(guo)佛(fo)教界(jie)占有重(zhong)要地位,由于(yu)(yu)寺(si)內的戒(jie)壇(tan)可以授佛(fo)門高(gao)戒(jie)律(lv)菩薩戒(jie),因而成(cheng)為中國(guo)(guo)佛(fo)教高(gao)學府之(zhi)一。整(zheng)座寺(si)院既有北方寺(si)廟巍(wei)峨(e)宏大的氣(qi)勢(shi),又(you)(you)有江南園林清幽秀雅(ya)的情趣,既有濃(nong)重(zhong)的佛(fo)教色彩,又(you)(you)有神奇(qi)秀美的自(zi)然景(jing)觀。1997年(nian)初經有關部門批準(zhun),僧團進駐(zhu),恢(hui)復為宗教活動(dong)所。戒(jie)臺寺(si)夙以“戒(jie)壇(tan)”、“奇(qi)松”、“古洞”而著稱于(yu)(yu)世,寺(si)內戒(jie)壇(tan)肇建于(yu)(yu)遼代(dai)咸雍五年(nian),是“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)三(san)大戒(jie)壇(tan)”之(zhi)首,故有“天下第一壇(tan)”之(zhi)稱。
戒臺(tai)寺(si)(si)內外(wai)滿(man)山清翠,古(gu)樹成(cheng)林。其中,國(guo)家(jia)一二級保護樹木就有88棵(ke),其樹種有油松(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)、側(ce)柏、國(guo)槐、銀(yin)杏等(deng)。其中數量(liang)多的是(shi)松(song)(song)(song)樹,著名(ming)(ming)的當屬(shu)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)。這些(xie)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)經過了千百年風(feng)霜雪雨的磨礪,形成(cheng)了各種奇特(te)的造型,具有很高的欣賞價(jia)值,是(shi)歷代文(wen)人雅士贊詠的寵物(wu)。明清時期,戒臺(tai)寺(si)(si)的名(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)就已經聞名(ming)(ming)天下。如九(jiu)龍(long)松(song)(song)(song)、抱塔(ta)松(song)(song)(song)、臥龍(long)松(song)(song)(song)、自在松(song)(song)(song)、活動(dong)松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。
戒臺寺(si)始建于(yu)隋開皇年間,公元581年。被當時稱為佛門棟梁的(de)智周大(da)和尚帶(dai)領弟子開山建寺(si)。遼代法均(jun)大(da)師,在此首創(chuang)戒臺。中興之祖智幻,寺(si)院(yuan)香火繚繞(rao),廟(miao)宇巍峨。上至(zhi)皇室宗親(qin),下至(zhi)百姓信眾,都以在戒臺寺(si)受戒吃(chi)齋念佛為榮。
戒(jie)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)寺(si)(si)齋堂(tang)坐落(luo)于戒(jie)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)寺(si)(si)大雄寶(bao)殿南墻外(wai)(wai),在(zai)(zai)歷史上也隨戒(jie)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)寺(si)(si)幾經興(xing)衰,但不論興(xing)衰與否,齋堂(tang)依舊作(zuo)為(wei)為(wei)民(min)舍粥(zhou)、寺(si)(si)院(yuan)僧眾吃(chi)齋之(zhi)場所。在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)日年間北平城外(wai)(wai),逃(tao)難(nan)百(bai)姓無家可歸,戒(jie)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)寺(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)便成為(wei)逃(tao)難(nan)百(bai)姓遮風避雨(yu)的一處居所,而齋堂(tang)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)可謂是(shi)百(bai)家廚(chu)房。寺(si)(si)院(yuan)舍粥(zhou),百(bai)姓互(hu)幫(bang)互(hu)助,在(zai)(zai)此度過了中國艱(jian)難(nan)的時(shi)刻(ke)。
京(jing)西(xi)古(gu)剎戒臺寺(si)內(nei)有一座大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting),原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是地藏院(yuan)的(de)附屬(shu)建筑(zhu)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)卷(juan)棚頂,四根支柱呈(cheng)八(ba)字(zi)形叉開(kai)斜立(li),式(shi)樣別致。在(zai)亭(ting)(ting)內(nei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)掛(gua)有一口(kou)(kou)高3.2米(mi),下(xia)口(kou)(kou)直徑2.2米(mi)的(de)大(da)鐵鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),名叫幽瞑(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主要供每年(nian)(nian)的(de)7月30日戒臺寺(si)做地藏法會之(zhi)用(yong)。大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)位于(yu)寺(si)院(yuan)東北角6米(mi)多高的(de)臺基之(zhi)上(shang),背(bei)后三面環(huan)山,前方東望(wang)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),居高臨下(xia),毫無(wu)遮攔。由(you)于(yu)三面環(huan)山形成了(le)(le)(le)一個天然(ran)(ran)巨大(da)的(de)共鳴(ming)箱,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲經過震蕩(dang)共鳴(ming),被(bei)環(huan)山反射而回(hui),從東北側(ce)開(kai)口(kou)(kou)處(chu)沖出,因而可以(yi)傳得(de)很遠(yuan),據說(shuo)在(zai)四十里之(zhi)遙的(de)阜城門外八(ba)里莊(zhuang)都能聽(ting)得(de)見。現今幽瞑(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已不存在(zai),大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)內(nei)掛(gua)有一口(kou)(kou)明景泰銅鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高1.6米(mi),下(xia)口(kou)(kou)直徑0.9米(mi),壁厚(hou)8厘(li)米(mi),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紐高0.3米(mi)。此(ci)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)八(ba)峰波形口(kou)(kou),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紐為(wei)虹(hong)形雙龍(long)頭蒲牢,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體上(shang)鑄有云紋(wen),銘為(wei)“大(da)明景泰年(nian)(nian)月日制”。此(ci)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)掛(gua)在(zai)戒壇大(da)殿內(nei),供舉行受(shou)戒儀式(shi)之(zhi)用(yong)。公園管理處(chu)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)增添游藝項目,而將此(ci)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移到了(le)(le)(le)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting),供游客撞擊娛樂。這(zhe)口(kou)(kou)銅鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雖然(ran)(ran)比原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)大(da)鐵鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要小得(de)多,但鑄造精美,工藝考究(jiu),線條流暢。
丁(ding)(ding)香花(hua)是(shi)戒臺寺園(yuan)內(nei)珍貴的(de)花(hua)木(mu)之(zhi)一,現(xian)園(yuan)內(nei)現(xian)有丁(ding)(ding)香約1000余株(zhu),其中(zhong)樹(shu)齡在二百(bai)年以上的(de)有20株(zhu),是(shi)乾(qian)隆皇帝(di)初(chu)游戒臺寺時(shi)為了(le)給古剎增輝御賜(si)的(de),是(shi)從圓明園(yuan)的(de)暢春園(yuan)移植過來的(de)。
真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)大(da)帝(di)又稱玄天(tian)上帝(di)、玄武(wu)(wu)大(da)帝(di)、佑(you)圣真(zhen)君玄天(tian)上帝(di),全稱真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)蕩魔(mo)大(da)帝(di),為(wei)(wei)神(shen)仙(xian)中赫(he)赫(he)有名的玉京尊(zun)神(shen)。現在(zai)湖北武(wu)(wu)當山信奉(feng)的主神(shen)就是真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)大(da)帝(di),道經中稱他(ta)為(wei)(wei)“鎮天(tian)真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)靈應佑(you)圣帝(di)君”,簡稱“真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)君”。民(min)間稱蕩魔(mo)天(tian)尊(zun)、報恩祖(zu)師(shi)、披發祖(zu)師(shi)。明(ming)朝(chao)以后,在(zai)全國影響極大(da),近代民(min)間信仰尤為(wei)(wei)普(pu)遍。
為(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)軸(zhou)線上的(de)(de)第(di)一座殿堂。兩側與(yu)院墻相連,左右(you)各有一個旁門。殿前有石(shi)獅子(zi)一對,并(bing)立(li)有清康熙皇帝撰文(wen)的(de)(de)“萬壽寺戒壇碑(bei)記(ji)。”山門殿面闊三間(jian)(jian),單檐廡殿頂(ding),灰筒瓦覆頂(ding)。四角掛有風(feng)鈴,門額上掛“山門殿”斗子(zi)金(jin)匾。殿內(nei)前后貫通(tong),中間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)洞。兩側各立(li)有一尊泥質彩繪的(de)(de)護法神塑像(xiang),一為(wei)(wei)(wei)密執金(jin)剛(gang),一為(wei)(wei)(wei)那羅延金(jin)剛(gang)。
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乘(cheng)地鐵到(dao)(dao)蘋(pin)果園(yuan)站下,換(huan)乘(cheng)948路(lu)公交到(dao)(dao)戒臺寺站下車