全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)臺寺,位(wei)于北京門頭溝區馬鞍山麓(lu),距(ju)京城35公里,離區政府(fu)11公里,西靠(kao)極(ji)樂峰,南(nan)倚六國(guo)嶺,北對石(shi)龍(long)山,東眺北京城,海(hai)拔300多(duo)(duo)米,屬溫帶大(da)(da)陸性(xing)氣候,春季(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多(duo)(duo)風(feng)沙(sha),夏季(ji)(ji)溫暖多(duo)(duo)雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)涼爽(shuang)濕(shi)潤,冬季(ji)(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)干(gan)燥(zao)。寺院坐西朝東,建(jian)(jian)筑高(gao)峻宏(hong)偉,景(jing)色綺麗。戒(jie)(jie)(jie)臺寺始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于隋(sui)朝,至今已有(you)1400多(duo)(duo)年的(de)歷史,在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教界占(zhan)有(you)重要地位(wei),由于寺內(nei)的(de)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)壇(tan)(tan)可以授佛(fo)門高(gao)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)律菩薩戒(jie)(jie)(jie),因而(er)成(cheng)為中(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教高(gao)學府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。整座寺院既(ji)有(you)北方(fang)寺廟巍峨宏(hong)大(da)(da)的(de)氣勢,又(you)有(you)江南(nan)園林清幽秀雅的(de)情趣,既(ji)有(you)濃重的(de)佛(fo)教色彩,又(you)有(you)神奇(qi)秀美的(de)自然景(jing)觀。1997年初經(jing)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門批準,僧(seng)團(tuan)進(jin)駐,恢復為宗教活(huo)動所。戒(jie)(jie)(jie)臺寺夙以“戒(jie)(jie)(jie)壇(tan)(tan)”、“奇(qi)松”、“古洞(dong)”而(er)著稱于世(shi),寺內(nei)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)壇(tan)(tan)肇建(jian)(jian)于遼代咸雍五年,是(shi)“全國(guo)三大(da)(da)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)壇(tan)(tan)”之(zhi)(zhi)首(shou),故有(you)“天下第(di)一(yi)壇(tan)(tan)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。
戒臺(tai)寺內外滿山清翠,古樹(shu)成林(lin)。其(qi)(qi)中,國家一(yi)二級保護樹(shu)木(mu)就有88棵(ke),其(qi)(qi)樹(shu)種有油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、側(ce)柏、國槐、銀杏等。其(qi)(qi)中數量多的是松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu),著(zhu)名(ming)的當屬古松(song)(song)(song)(song)。這些古松(song)(song)(song)(song)經過了千百(bai)年風(feng)霜雪雨的磨礪,形(xing)成了各種奇特的造型(xing),具(ju)有很高的欣賞(shang)價值,是歷代(dai)文人雅士贊詠的寵物。明清時期(qi),戒臺(tai)寺的名(ming)松(song)(song)(song)(song)就已經聞名(ming)天下(xia)。如九(jiu)龍(long)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、抱塔松(song)(song)(song)(song)、臥龍(long)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、自在松(song)(song)(song)(song)、活(huo)動松(song)(song)(song)(song)等。
戒臺寺(si)始建(jian)(jian)于隋開(kai)皇年間,公元581年。被當時稱為佛門棟梁的智(zhi)周大(da)和尚帶領(ling)弟(di)子開(kai)山(shan)建(jian)(jian)寺(si)。遼代法均大(da)師,在此(ci)首創戒臺。中興(xing)之祖(zu)智(zhi)幻,寺(si)院(yuan)香火繚繞(rao),廟宇巍峨。上至(zhi)皇室宗親,下至(zhi)百姓信(xin)眾(zhong),都以(yi)在戒臺寺(si)受戒吃齋(zhai)念佛為榮。
戒(jie)臺寺齋堂坐落于戒(jie)臺寺大雄寶殿南墻外(wai),在(zai)(zai)歷史上也隨戒(jie)臺寺幾經(jing)興衰,但不(bu)論興衰與否(fou),齋堂依(yi)舊作為(wei)為(wei)民(min)舍粥(zhou)、寺院(yuan)僧眾吃齋之場所(suo)。在(zai)(zai)抗日年間北平城(cheng)外(wai),逃難(nan)百姓(xing)無家可歸,戒(jie)臺寺在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)便成為(wei)逃難(nan)百姓(xing)遮風避雨的(de)一處居所(suo),而齋堂在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)可謂是百家廚房。寺院(yuan)舍粥(zhou),百姓(xing)互(hu)(hu)幫互(hu)(hu)助,在(zai)(zai)此(ci)度(du)過了(le)中國(guo)艱難(nan)的(de)時(shi)刻。
京西古剎戒(jie)臺(tai)寺(si)(si)內有一(yi)座大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭,原是地(di)藏院的(de)(de)附屬建筑。鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭為卷棚頂,四根支柱(zhu)呈八字形(xing)(xing)(xing)叉開斜立,式樣別致。在(zai)亭內原掛有一(yi)口高3.2米(mi)(mi),下(xia)口直徑2.2米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)大(da)鐵(tie)鐘(zhong)(zhong),名(ming)叫幽瞑(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong),主要供每年(nian)的(de)(de)7月30日(ri)戒(jie)臺(tai)寺(si)(si)做地(di)藏法會之(zhi)用。大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭位于寺(si)(si)院東(dong)北角6米(mi)(mi)多(duo)高的(de)(de)臺(tai)基(ji)之(zhi)上(shang),背后三面環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan),前(qian)方東(dong)望平原,居高臨下(xia),毫無遮(zhe)攔。由于三面環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成了(le)一(yi)個天(tian)然巨大(da)的(de)(de)共(gong)鳴(ming)箱,鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)經過(guo)震蕩共(gong)鳴(ming),被環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)反(fan)射(she)而(er)回,從東(dong)北側開口處(chu)沖出(chu),因而(er)可以(yi)傳得(de)很遠,據說在(zai)四十里(li)之(zhi)遙的(de)(de)阜(fu)城門外(wai)八里(li)莊(zhuang)都(dou)能(neng)聽得(de)見。現(xian)今幽瞑(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong)已不存(cun)在(zai),大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭內掛有一(yi)口明(ming)景泰銅(tong)鐘(zhong)(zhong),鐘(zhong)(zhong)高1.6米(mi)(mi),下(xia)口直徑0.9米(mi)(mi),壁厚8厘米(mi)(mi),鐘(zhong)(zhong)紐(niu)(niu)高0.3米(mi)(mi)。此鐘(zhong)(zhong)為八峰(feng)波形(xing)(xing)(xing)口,鐘(zhong)(zhong)紐(niu)(niu)為虹形(xing)(xing)(xing)雙(shuang)龍(long)頭蒲牢,鐘(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)上(shang)鑄有云紋(wen),銘為“大(da)明(ming)景泰年(nian)月日(ri)制(zhi)”。此鐘(zhong)(zhong)原掛在(zai)戒(jie)壇大(da)殿內,供舉行受戒(jie)儀式之(zhi)用。公園管理處(chu)為了(le)增添游(you)藝項目,而(er)將此鐘(zhong)(zhong)移(yi)到(dao)了(le)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭,供游(you)客撞擊娛樂。這口銅(tong)鐘(zhong)(zhong)雖然比原來的(de)(de)大(da)鐵(tie)鐘(zhong)(zhong)要小得(de)多(duo),但(dan)鑄造(zao)精美,工藝考究(jiu),線條流暢。
丁香花(hua)是戒(jie)臺寺園內珍貴的(de)(de)花(hua)木之(zhi)一,現園內現有(you)丁香約(yue)1000余株,其(qi)中樹齡(ling)在二(er)百(bai)年(nian)以上的(de)(de)有(you)20株,是乾隆皇(huang)帝初游戒(jie)臺寺時為了(le)給(gei)古剎增輝御賜(si)的(de)(de),是從圓明園的(de)(de)暢春(chun)園移植過來(lai)的(de)(de)。
真(zhen)武大(da)帝(di)又稱(cheng)(cheng)玄天(tian)上帝(di)、玄武大(da)帝(di)、佑圣真(zhen)君玄天(tian)上帝(di),全稱(cheng)(cheng)真(zhen)武蕩魔(mo)大(da)帝(di),為神仙中(zhong)赫赫有(you)名(ming)的玉京(jing)尊神。現在(zai)(zai)湖北(bei)武當山信奉(feng)的主神就是真(zhen)武大(da)帝(di),道經中(zhong)稱(cheng)(cheng)他為“鎮天(tian)真(zhen)武靈應佑圣帝(di)君”,簡稱(cheng)(cheng)“真(zhen)武帝(di)君”。民間稱(cheng)(cheng)蕩魔(mo)天(tian)尊、報恩(en)祖(zu)師(shi)、披發祖(zu)師(shi)。明朝以后,在(zai)(zai)全國影響極大(da),近代民間信仰尤為普遍。
為南(nan)軸線上的第一(yi)座(zuo)殿(dian)(dian)堂。兩側與院墻相連(lian),左右各有(you)一(yi)個旁門。殿(dian)(dian)前有(you)石獅子一(yi)對(dui),并立有(you)清康熙皇帝撰(zhuan)文的“萬壽寺戒壇(tan)碑記。”山門殿(dian)(dian)面闊三間,單檐廡殿(dian)(dian)頂,灰筒瓦(wa)覆頂。四角掛有(you)風鈴,門額(e)上掛“山門殿(dian)(dian)”斗子金(jin)匾(bian)。殿(dian)(dian)內前后貫通(tong),中(zhong)間為通(tong)洞。兩側各立有(you)一(yi)尊泥質彩(cai)繪的護法神塑像,一(yi)為密執金(jin)剛,一(yi)為那(nei)羅延金(jin)剛。
8:30-17:30(夏季)
8:30-16:30(冬(dong)季(ji))
自駕:
1、沿(yan)阜石路(lu)向(xiang)西—雙(shuang)峪環島向(xiang)南—石門營環—108國道輔路(lu)7公里即到(dao)
2、自西客站沿蓮石(shi)路(lu)向西—臥龍崗—石(shi)門營(ying)環—108國道輔(fu)路(lu)7公(gong)里(li)即到(2、3、4環有進出口)
3、長(chang)安街西行—首鋼(gang)廠東門(men)右行—石景山立交橋左行—雙峪(yu)環島向南
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乘(cheng)地鐵(tie)到(dao)蘋(pin)果園站(zhan)(zhan)下,換乘(cheng)948路公(gong)交(jiao)到(dao)戒(jie)臺(tai)寺站(zhan)(zhan)下車