概況
南(nan)(nan)通天(tian)(tian)寧禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)始建于唐(tang)(tang)朝,是南(nan)(nan)通年代久,規模較大而又保存較好的(de)(de)一(yi)座佛教寺(si)(si)(si)院。它是南(nan)(nan)通江(jiang)海地區現(xian)存的(de)(de)三座唐(tang)(tang)寺(si)(si)(si)(狼(lang)山廣教寺(si)(si)(si),如(ru)皋(gao)定慧(hui)(hui)寺(si)(si)(si),南(nan)(nan)通天(tian)(tian)寧寺(si)(si)(si))之一(yi),明(ming)《萬歷志》、清《康熙(xi)志》皆作這樣(yang)的(de)(de)記載:“唐(tang)(tang)咸通中僧(seng)(seng)藻煥堂建。舊(jiu)名(ming)光(guang)孝(xiao)天(tian)(tian)順(shun)元(yuan)年僧(seng)(seng)法(fa)恩(en)奏(zou)改今名(ming)。”《乾(qian)隆志》作了這樣(yang)的(de)(de)補充(chong)“寺(si)(si)(si)有(you)光(guang)孝(xiao)塔五級,后有(you)毗(pi)盧閣。宋(song)咸淳中(約990年—1003年)君人(ren)(ren)管(guan)(guan)某建,僧(seng)(seng)法(fa)恩(en)募捐。”這里記載“天(tian)(tian)順(shun)元(yuan)年法(fa)恩(en)奏(zou)改今名(ming)”有(you)誤,應(ying)為善慧(hui)(hui)。‘管(guan)(guan)某’,難以評(ping)考,僧(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)曾(ceng)稱為“管(guan)(guan)公(gong),管(guan)(guan)婆”,并在金剛殿供奉其(qi)像。在咸淳年間(jian),有(you)宋(song)度宗兵部尚書、郡人(ren)(ren)(一(yi)說石港人(ren)(ren))印應(ying)雷舍(she)其(qi)宅入寺(si)(si)(si)(一(yi)記管(guan)(guan)某舍(she)宅入寺(si)(si)(si))。天(tian)(tian)寧寺(si)(si)(si)原系奉圣寺(si)(si)(si),居州治之西政和間(jian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1111年—1118年)遷天(tian)(tian)寧禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)并入報恩(en)光(guang)孝(xiao),后以天(tian)(tian)寧禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)通稱。
歷史
對(dui)于這(zhe)(zhe)座(zuo)唐寺(si)的(de)建(jian)(jian)年(nian),說(shuo)(shuo)法頗(po)混亂,有說(shuo)(shuo)“明宣(xuan)德(de)(de)年(nian)問重建(jian)(jian)。”有說(shuo)(shuo)“始建(jian)(jian)于北宋(song)。”史書碑(bei)文均記(ji)載唐咸通或貞觀(guan)年(nian)間。考(kao)察(cha)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)歷(li)史時(shi)(shi)期(qi),正是(shi)(shi)唐王(wang)朝經濟(ji)文化(hua)發展的(de)鼎(ding)盛(sheng)(sheng),佛教在江海地(di)區(qu)的(de)空前發展是(shi)(shi)自(zi)然的(de)事(shi).雖然寺(si)院的(de)規模遠不(bu)似后(hou)來(lai)的(de)面(mian)貌,也應承認它是(shi)(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)始建(jian)(jian)的(de)最初歷(li)史。在漫長薩(sa)歷(li)史年(nian)代,天(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)有過(guo)兩次(ci)興(xing)盛(sheng)(sheng)的(de)記(ji)錄:一(yi)(yi)為北宋(song)政(zheng)和(he)年(nian)間,經過(guo)并寺(si)營建(jian)(jian),使其(qi):“殿(dian)(dian)堂宏(hong)麗,樓閣(ge)穹崇,實一(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)偉觀(guan)”“至(zhi)咸淳間,復新之(zhi)(zhi),比舊(jiu)則加焉”其(qi)時(shi)(shi),宋(song)徽宗趙(zhao)佶(ji)御(yu)筆題(ti)(ti)寫(xie)“大(da)(da)雄(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)殿(dian)(dian)”,更(geng)為其(qi)推(tui)(tui)波(bo)助(zhu)潤,但(dan)到(dao)明宣(xuan)德(de)(de)初,天(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)已(yi)是(shi)(shi):‘僅存(cun)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian),山門(men),風(feng)雨不(bu)支(zhi),像(xiang)護剝落。”后(hou)在宣(xuan)德(de)(de)、正統,天(tian)順、萬歷(li)、天(tian)啟年(nian)間均有興(xing)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)舉,天(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)迎(ying)來(lai)第二(er)個中興(xing)期(qi)。重振(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)首推(tui)(tui)通州(zhou)(zhou)守(shou)御(yu)陳(chen)謙,他捐資(zi)請來(lai)杭州(zhou)(zhou)凈緣禪師主(zhu)持修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)事(shi)宜,前后(hou)四年(nian)整修(xiu)了(le)光孝塔牙大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、山門(men),他還(huan)主(zhu)持興(xing)建(jian)(jian)了(le)園通殿(dian)(dian),輪(lun)藏殿(dian)(dian),醇(chun)零樓,其(qi)徒善意(yi)又于正紀十四年(nian),天(tian)順二(er)年(nian)兩次(ci)興(xing)工修(xiu)舊(jiu)補缺,鑄造銅像(xiang)。而且敕賜寺(si)名(ming)。成為演習禮儀之(zhi)(zhi)所。”《萬歷(li)通州(zhou)(zhou)志》還(huan)提(ti)到(dao)寺(si)有火(huo)神廟(miao),祠山廟(miao),毗盧閣(ge)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑。此外,惠儒等(deng)(deng)僧人還(huan)重建(jian)(jian)了(le)禪堂,地(di)藏和(he)彌勒(le)殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng),當時(shi)(shi)通州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)士沈明臣,盧純學,吳熠、湯有光題(ti)(ti)下“偶翼毗盧閣(ge),遙堪俯(fu)大(da)(da)璃”等(deng)(deng)佳句,詠頌天(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)的(de)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)盛(sheng)(sheng)況。天(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)東部近代枝學校改建(jian)(jian)為校舍,西側(ce)的(de)火(huo)星殿(dian)(dian)、水神殿(dian)(dian)(禹王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)),祖師殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)意(yi)堂為晚清或民國時(shi)(shi)所建(jian)(jian)。