全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位靈巖寺,位于陜西(xi)省略陽縣(xian)城(cheng)南3.5公里,地處嘉陵(ling)江東(dong)岸(an)的(de)玉文(wen)(wen)山腰,國家2A級景區,依托山崖兩個天然(ran)溶(rong)洞,把自然(ran)景觀同人(ren)文(wen)(wen)景觀巧妙結(jie)合,自成(cheng)天趣,寺內(nei)樓臺殿堂(tang),依山而(er)建,錯落有致,洞穴恢弘,懸空凌云。建筑與彩(cai)繪(hui)別具(ju)特(te)色,陜南第一大銅佛--毗廬大佛造(zao)像造(zao)型(xing)獨特(te),摩崖刻(ke)石(shi)眾多,達130余通,尤以東(dong)漢(han)的(de)《郙閣頌》最(zui)為(wei)著名,以及(ji)歷代文(wen)(wen)人(ren)刻(ke)石(shi),被譽為(wei)“陜南小碑林”,自然(ran)景觀獨特(te)。
靈巖(yan)寺又名(ming)藥水崖,始(shi)建(jian)于唐開(kai)元年間(713-741),寺廟由兩個天然洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴組(zu)成,前洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)名(ming)“金龜洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”,后洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)稱“羅漢洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”,兩洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)依(yi)依(yi)相鄰,傍山臨(lin)江,座東向西,錯落(luo)有(you)致。
隋唐時(shi)期,略陽靈巖(yan)寺(si)曾是各種學術活動中心之一(yi)。歷代許多著名的軍(jun)事(shi)家,思想家和文人騷客(ke),在這(zhe)里(li)留(liu)下了名篇絕(jue)句(ju),鐫式(shi)墨跡(ji)。如李(li)(li)白(bai),杜甫,吳道子,蘇(su)軾,李(li)(li)可染,于右任等(deng)歷史名人都曾在寺(si)內觀光遺詩存作,給古(gu)寺(si)抹下了一(yi)筆浪漫傳奇的色彩。相傳,女皇(huang)武則天(tian)與她的老師泛(fan)舟嘉(jia)陵(ling)江同游(you)靈巖(yan)寺(si),在后洞(dong)留(liu)下了鮮為人知的“撐支天(tian)地”四個大(da)字。
寺(si)內(nei)共有(you)漢(han)(han)(han)唐(tang)以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)達130余通,既有(you)方正古(gu)拙的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke),更有(you)明顯風(feng)姿的(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)碑宋碣(jie);靈(ling)(ling)巖寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)碑,凝結著(zhu)略陽(yang)歷史上的(de)(de)(de)件件藝術珍品,承載(zai)著(zhu)略陽(yang)這方地靈(ling)(ling)人杰的(de)(de)(de)段段舊事(shi),從而吸引海(hai)內(nei)外游(you)人前(qian)來(lai)觀(guan)賞游(you)覽。嵌于(yu)(yu)靈(ling)(ling)巖寺(si)前(qian)洞西(xi)側崖(ya)壁上的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)《郙(fu)(fu)閣(ge)頌(song)(song)(song)》摩崖(ya),是(shi)一(yi)方最有(you)書(shu)(shu)法研究(jiu)價值的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)(han)(han)隸瑰(gui)寶,它同陜西(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)《石(shi)門頌(song)(song)(song)》,甘肅成(cheng)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)《西(xi)狹頌(song)(song)(song)》并稱為我國的(de)(de)(de)“漢(han)(han)(han)三頌(song)(song)(song)”,是(shi)研究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文(wen)字,書(shu)(shu)法和東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)八(ba)分漢(han)(han)(han)隸的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要實物資料。《郙(fu)(fu)閣(ge)頌(song)(song)(song)》摩崖(ya)鐫刻(ke)(ke)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建寧五年(nian)(公元(yuan)172年(nian)),為紀(ji)念(nian)漢(han)(han)(han)武帝(di)太守李翕(xi)重(zhong)(zhong)修郙(fu)(fu)閣(ge)棧道(dao)而書(shu)(shu)刻(ke)(ke)。它的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法自成(cheng)一(yi)家(jia),獨具(ju)風(feng)格,為標準的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)(han)(han)隸八(ba)分。作為現(xian)存于(yu)(yu)世的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)珍品,《郙(fu)(fu)閣(ge)頌(song)(song)(song)》一(yi)直受到歷代(dai)金石(shi)書(shu)(shu)法界的(de)(de)(de)推崇。尤自兩宋明清的(de)(de)(de)千余年(nian)間,共有(you)30余種(zhong)學術專著(zhu)將之收(shou)錄其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),從各個角度進行考(kao)證(zheng)、注釋和研究(jiu)。晚(wan)清著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)學者(zhe)康有(you)為,在(zai)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)《廣藝舟雙楫》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大加贊美(mei)曰:“吾嘗(chang)愛郙(fu)(fu)閣(ge),體法茂密”,并認為最具(ju)盛(sheng)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)代(dai)顏(yan)體楷書(shu)(shu),便是(shi)從《郙(fu)(fu)閣(ge)頌(song)(song)(song)》的(de)(de)(de)八(ba)分漢(han)(han)(han)隸的(de)(de)(de)章(zhang)法和筆勢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),汲取過營養。
《郙閣頌》的書體厚重古(gu)雅,樸茂雄渾,歷(li)代好(hao)評(ping)如潮。同時,其(qi)文學(xue)價值也頗(po)具特色(se),表(biao)現出東漢后期北方(fang)漢文化(hua)與(yu)南方(fang)楚文化(hua)相互交融的審(shen)美傾向,受到學(xue)術界(jie)的廣泛關注(zhu)。恰如前人所評(ping)價的那樣:“奇(qi)思橫出,制(zhi)為雄文,運茲妙筆”。