《張(zhang)遷碑(bei)》又(you)名(ming)《張(zhang)遷表頌(song)》,全稱《漢(han)(han)故谷城長蕩陰(yin)令張(zhang)君表頌(song)》,是(shi)東漢(han)(han)晚期佚名(ming)書法(fa)家書丹,東漢(han)(han)碑(bei)刻(ke)家孫興刻(ke)石而成的(de)一件隸書書法(fa)作品。此碑(bei)于(yu)東漢(han)(han)中平三(san)年(nian)(186年(nian))刻(ke)立,明代初年(nian)出(chu)土,現收藏于(yu)山(shan)東泰(tai)山(shan)岱廟碑(bei)廊。
《張(zhang)遷(qian)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》篆額(e)題“漢故(gu)(gu)轂城長蕩(dang)陰令張(zhang)君(jun)表(biao)頌”12字(zi)(zi),額(e)字(zi)(zi)獨呈扁形(xing),書意在篆隸之(zhi)(zhi)間;碑(bei)(bei)(bei)陽正文15行(xing),行(xing)42字(zi)(zi),共567字(zi)(zi);碑(bei)(bei)(bei)陰3列,上2列19行(xing),下列3行(xing)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文。此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)是谷城故(gu)(gu)吏韋萌等為追(zhui)念張(zhang)遷(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)功德(de)而立,銘文著重宣揚張(zhang)遷(qian)及其祖先張(zhang)仲、張(zhang)良、張(zhang)釋之(zhi)(zhi)和張(zhang)騫的(de)功績,并涉及到黃巾起義軍的(de)有(you)關情節(jie),具有(you)很高(gao)的(de)史料價值。
《張遷碑》是(shi)東漢(han)(han)隸(li)(li)書成熟時期(qi)的(de)作品,書法造詣(yi)高。此碑自(zi)出土以來,為歷代(dai)金(jin)石(shi)、書法家所(suo)推崇。在眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)漢(han)(han)代(dai)碑刻(ke)中,此碑以古樸、厚重、典雅取(qu)勝,字里行間流露出率真之(zhi)(zhi)意,具有(you)民(min)間樸質之(zhi)(zhi)風,格(ge)調峻實(shi)穩(wen)(wen)重,堪(kan)稱神品。它起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)方折寬厚,轉角方圓兼備,運筆(bi)(bi)遒勁(jing)而曲折有(you)力,落筆(bi)(bi)穩(wen)(wen)健,可謂(wei)是(shi)漢(han)(han)隸(li)(li)方筆(bi)(bi)系統的(de)代(dai)表作。
漢故榖城長蕩(dang)陰令張(zhang)君表頌(song)
君(jun)諱遷,字公方,陳留己吾人也。君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)出自(zi)有(you)周(zhou),周(zhou)宣王中興(xing),有(you)張(zhang)仲,以孝友為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行,披覽《詩(shi)·雅》,煥(huan)知其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)。高帝龍興(xing),有(you)張(zhang)良,善用(yong)籌(chou)策,在(zai)(zai)帷幕之(zhi)(zhi)內,決勝負千里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)外,析珪(gui)于(yu)(yu)留。文景之(zhi)(zhi)間,有(you)張(zhang)釋(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),建忠弼之(zhi)(zhi)謨。帝游(you)上林,問禽(qin)狩所(suo)有(you)。苑(yuan)令(ling)(ling)不(bu)(bu)對(dui),更問嗇夫(fu),嗇夫(fu)事(shi)對(dui)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)進嗇夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)(ling),令(ling)(ling)退為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嗇夫(fu)。釋(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)議(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)可(ke):苑(yuan)令(ling)(ling)有(you)公卿之(zhi)(zhi)才,嗇夫(fu)喋喋小吏(li),非社稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)重。上從言。孝武時,有(you)張(zhang)騫,廣通(tong)風俗,開定畿寓,南苞八(ba)蠻,西羈(ji)六戎,北(bei)震五狄,東(dong)勤(qin)九夷。荒遠既殯,各(ge)貢所(suo)有(you)。張(zhang)是(shi)輔漢,世載其(qi)(qi)德。爰(yuan)既且(qie)于(yu)(yu)君(jun),蓋其(qi)(qi)繵縺。纘戎鴻緒(xu),牧守(shou)相(xiang)系,不(bu)(bu)殞高問。孝弟于(yu)(yu)家(jia),中謇于(yu)(yu)朝。治京氏易,聰麗權略(lve),藝于(yu)(yu)從政。少為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郡吏(li),隱練職(zhi)位,常在(zai)(zai)股肱。數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)從事(shi),聲無(wu)細聞。征拜郎中,除谷(gu)城長。蠶月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)務,不(bu)(bu)閉四(si)門(men)(men)。臘正之(zhi)(zhi)祭,休囚歸賀。八(ba)月(yue)筭民,不(bu)(bu)煩于(yu)(yu)鄉。隨就虛(xu)落,存恤高年。路無(wu)拾(shi)遺,犁(li)種宿野。黃巾初起(qi),燒平城市,斯縣獨全。子賤孔蔑,其(qi)(qi)道區別。《尚書》五教,君(jun)崇其(qi)(qi)寬(kuan);詩(shi)云(yun)愷悌,君(jun)隆其(qi)(qi)恩;東(dong)里(li)(li)潤色,君(jun)垂其(qi)(qi)仁。邵伯分陜,君(jun)懿于(yu)(yu)棠。晉陽佩瑋(wei),西門(men)(men)帶弦。君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)體素,能(neng)雙其(qi)(qi)勛。流化八(ba)基,遷蕩陰令(ling)(ling)。吏(li)民頡頏,隨送如云(yun)。周(zhou)公東(dong)征,西人怨(yuan)思。奚斯贊(zan)魯。考父(fu)頌殷(yin)。前喆遺芳,有(you)功不(bu)(bu)書,后無(wu)述焉。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)刊石(shi)豎表,銘勒萬載。三(san)代以來,雖遠猶近,《詩(shi)》云(yun)舊國,其(qi)(qi)命(ming)惟(wei)新。
于穆(mu)我君,既敦既純。雪(xue)白之(zhi)性,孝友之(zhi)仁(ren)。紀行來本,蘭(lan)生有芬,克(ke)岐有兆(zhao),綏(sui)御有勛。利(li)器(qi)不覿,魚不出淵。國之(zhi)良干(gan),垂愛在民。蔽沛棠樹,溫(wen)溫(wen)恭(gong)人(ren)。乾道(dao)不繆,唯淑是親。既多受祉,永(yong)享(xiang)南山。干(gan)祿無(wu)疆,子(zi)子(zi)孫孫。
惟中平三年(nian)(nian),歲在攝提,二月震(zhen)節(jie),紀日上旬。陽氣厥(jue)析,感思舊君。故(gu)吏韋(wei)萌(meng)等(deng),僉然同聲,賃(lin)師孫興,刊石立(li)表,以示后昆。共享(xiang)天祚,億載萬年(nian)(nian)。
故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)安國(guo)(guo)長韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)珍錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少王錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)雅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)景錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世節錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守令(ling)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)遠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守令(ling)范(fan)(fan)伯(bo)(bo)犀,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金石錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)督(du)郵(you)范(fan)(fan)齊公錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)文宗錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)千(qian)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)世節錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府卿錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)季考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)臺錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)德(de)寶(bao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公俊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)泛定國(guo)(guo)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)閏德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)孫升(sheng)高錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公逴錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)排山錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)巨(ju)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義才錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔節錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)緒錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)客人錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)原(yuan)宣德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公明錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)成錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔世錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)國(guo)(guo)方(fang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)善錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)泛奉祖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)榮,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)利德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武章,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)騶(zou)叔(shu)義,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟光(guang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟平錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守令(ling)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。
此碑(bei)石于(yu)東(dong)漢靈帝中(zhong)平三年(186年)立碑(bei)于(yu)山東(dong)東(dong)平縣,是頌揚張遷(qian)執政(zheng)谷城時多(duo)施惠政(zheng)的政(zheng)績;碑(bei)陰刻(ke)有立碑(bei)官吏姓名及捐資錢數。
碑(bei)(bei)主(zhu)張遷(qian),字(zi)公方,陳留己吾(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)寧(ning)陵(ling)境內(nei))人(ren)。曾任谷城(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)洛(luo)陽市西北)長,遷(qian)蕩陰(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)湯(tang)陰縣)令。碑(bei)(bei)文系故吏(li)韋萌等為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)追念其(qi)功(gong)德(de)而立。碑(bei)(bei)文書(shu)(shu)法多別體,未(wei)署書(shu)(shu)者姓名,刻(ke)石(shi)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孫興(xing)。清初顧炎(yan)武《金石(shi)文字(zi)記》疑此碑(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后人(ren)摹刻(ke),但多數(shu)考(kao)古學家和金石(shi)學家則認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),其(qi)書(shu)(shu)風(feng)通篇(pian)方筆,古樸拙茂,非漢代(dai)人(ren)不(bu)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之,碑(bei)(bei)面剝落(luo)的痕(hen)跡,也(ye)非人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所能(neng)做到,因此,當(dang)是漢代(dai)原(yuan)碑(bei)(bei)無疑。
《張遷碑》運筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)以方筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)為主,用筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)逆鋒(feng)(feng)堅實,萬(wan)毫齊(qi)力(li)(li),方圓(yuan)兼(jian)備,沉著飽(bao)滿(man)。橫(heng)畫兩端(duan)都(dou)見方,粗重(zhong)渾厚,有萬(wan)鈞不屈(qu)之力(li)(li),如(ru)“言”、“善”等字。書寫(xie)時萬(wan)毫齊(qi)力(li)(li),行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)似有反力(li)(li)相阻,右(you)端(duan)回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)上(shang)(shang)提(ti)收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),欲左先右(you),無往不收(shou)(shou)。“蠶頭雁(yan)尾”的橫(heng)畫寫(xie)法(fa)也一樣,起筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)(chu)重(zhong)頓(dun)后,漸提(ti)行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),正鋒(feng)(feng)而行,筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)壯墨飽(bao),收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時頓(dun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)后迅速上(shang)(shang)提(ti),挺直(zhi)凝(ning)重(zhong)而有力(li)(li)。豎畫的用筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)方法(fa)是落(luo)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)逆鋒(feng)(feng)向上(shang)(shang),提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)調鋒(feng)(feng)起筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)(chu)方厚飽(bao)滿(man),再調筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)(feng)向下,豎鋒(feng)(feng)運筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時或輕或重(zhong)頓(dun)后,提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)向上(shang)(shang)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)(feng),如(ru)“之”、“中”、“尚(shang)”等字。折(zhe)畫是在(zai)橫(heng)畫收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)(chu)將筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)(feng)上(shang)(shang)提(ti),換(huan)向后在(zai)原處(chu)(chu)入紙行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),轉折(zhe)處(chu)(chu)方整斬截又自然,略呈(cheng)外方內(nei)圓(yuan),或內(nei)外皆方,如(ru)“月”、“巾(jin)”等字的折(zhe)畫。
特別是(shi)此碑的(de)(de)撇(pie)畫(hua)(hua)比(bi)絕大(da)多數知名的(de)(de)漢(han)碑隸(li)書(shu)都要豐富(fu)些(xie),如(ru)“更”、“令”等字,其寫(xie)法下筆(bi)如(ru)同豎(shu)畫(hua)(hua),藏鋒(feng)逆入,中(zhong)鋒(feng)行(xing)筆(bi)順勢頓駐后逐漸上提后回(hui)收(shou)。撇(pie)畫(hua)(hua)是(shi)隸(li)書(shu)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)特色的(de)(de)筆(bi)畫(hua)(hua),由于(yu)是(shi)向左方(fang)運筆(bi),行(xing)時阻力(li)大(da),力(li)量強勁(jing),圓轉道健(jian),筆(bi)力(li)暢達,如(ru)“命”字,部分(fen)字的(de)(de)豎(shu)鉤也可看(kan)作撇(pie)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)一種,如(ru)“孝”字。撇(pie)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)妙處在于(yu)收(shou)筆(bi)的(de)(de)變化,因輕(qing)重、長短、斜(xie)度(du)的(de)(de)不(bu)同作相應處理,因此變化多姿(zi)。有(you)的(de)(de)收(shou)筆(bi)回(hui)鋒(feng)圓渾,有(you)的(de)(de)收(shou)筆(bi)方(fang)截,每(mei)一撇(pie)畫(hua)(hua)皆根(gen)據字形差(cha)異處理得恰到好處。
捺(na)(na)(na)畫也(ye)是此碑(bei)極為突出(chu)的筆(bi)(bi)(bi)畫,主要是平捺(na)(na)(na)和斜捺(na)(na)(na)。此碑(bei)捺(na)(na)(na)畫寫得厚重(zhong)而雄健,落筆(bi)(bi)(bi)取逆勢(shi),調鋒后提筆(bi)(bi)(bi)行筆(bi)(bi)(bi),用(yong)力(li)(li)勻稱(cheng)至捺(na)(na)(na)腳稍頓(dun)后提鋒,然后順勢(shi)宛轉(zhuan)而出(chu),筆(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒在(zai)空(kong)中作(zuo)(zuo)收勢(shi),給人一(yi)種樸拙但(dan)不刻板的感覺。如“吏”字的捺(na)(na)(na)逆鋒起筆(bi)(bi)(bi),在(zai)行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)過程中,逐漸用(yong)力(li)(li)漸行漸按,鋪毫向右下行筆(bi)(bi)(bi),行至捺(na)(na)(na)端,提筆(bi)(bi)(bi)右上輕(qing)出(chu),捺(na)(na)(na)腳似方似圓(yuan),力(li)(li)含(han)其中“敦”字之捺(na)(na)(na)雖不粗壯(zhuang),但(dan)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)畫含(han)力(li)(li)在(zai)內,雄強剛勁(jing),深沉有力(li)(li)。捺(na)(na)(na)畫落筆(bi)(bi)(bi)常作(zuo)(zuo)蠶頭狀,捺(na)(na)(na)腳作(zuo)(zuo)雁(yan)尾狀,與他碑(bei)橫畫“蠶頭雁(yan)尾”之狀相合。
《張遷碑》結字(zi)巧中(zhong)有拙,拙中(zhong)寓(yu)巧,大巧若(ruo)拙。它完全去掉了(le)雕(diao)飾的(de)成分,一(yi)任天然(ran)(ran),真可謂道法自然(ran)(ran),渾然(ran)(ran)天成。字(zi)的(de)各部分關系處理得非常生動,挪讓呼(hu)應,顧(gu)盼有情,憨態可掬。
在整體(ti)上雖扁(bian)方(fang),整飭劃(hua)一,又因字立形,順其(qi)(qi)自然,險(xian)中求正,字體(ti)端莊(zhuang)樸茂(mao),筆(bi)短意長,有些字突出(chu)主筆(bi)橫畫(hua)和捺畫(hua),以盡其(qi)(qi)勢。全碑各(ge)字穩(wen)而不呆(dai),動(dong)感(gan)強烈,動(dong)中求穩(wen),穩(wen)中求變(bian)。神采奕(yi)然的體(ti)態(tai)特征在形體(ti)、筆(bi)畫(hua)的避(bi)讓、空間布白的處(chu)理(li)、平正與險(xian)絕的錯落中表現得淋漓盡致(zhi),看似簡單(dan),實則妙趣橫生,有“險(xian)絕”后(hou)“復歸平正”之感(gan)。
《張(zhang)遷(qian)碑(bei)》章法不拘一(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge),生動活潑。漢(han)代碑(bei)刻(ke)多有邊框方(fang)格(ge),排列(lie)整齊,所以(yi)大(da)部分漢(han)碑(bei)字形(xing)大(da)小一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,平均擺放,給人中規中矩(ju)的(de)感覺(jue)。而《張(zhang)遷(qian)碑(bei)》卻獨樹一(yi)(yi)(yi)幟(zhi),通篇取茂密之(zhi)勢,但(dan)字間和行間都(dou)無嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)固定距離,疏(shu)與密適當(dang),“疏(shu)處(chu)可(ke)以(yi)走馬,密處(chu)不使透風”。既嚴(yan)謹又空(kong)靈,疏(shu)處(chu)闊綽而不散(san)漫,達到(dao)了(le)疏(shu)與密的(de)對立統一(yi)(yi)(yi)。同時,字形(xing)大(da)小參差,正斜互用,疏(shu)密隨意,但(dan)整體上又相(xiang)互呼應,左(zuo)右顧盼,一(yi)(yi)(yi)派天(tian)真爛漫的(de)景象。
明·王(wang)世貞《州山人(ren)題跋(ba)》:“其書不(bu)能(neng)工,而(er)典雅饒古意,終非永嘉(jia)以后所可及(ji)也。”
清·孫承澤《庚(geng)子消夏記》:“書(shu)法方整爾雅,漢石(shi)中不多見者。”
清·郭尚先《芳堅館題跋》:“漢碑(bei)嚴重平硬,是碑(bei)為冠。”
清·楊守敬《平(ping)碑(bei)記》:“(此(ci)碑(bei))用筆(bi)已開魏(wei)晉風氣,此(ci)源始于《西狹頌》,流(liu)為(wei)黃初三(san)碑(bei)《上尊號奏》《受禪表》《孔羨碑(bei)》之折刀(dao)頭,再變為(wei)北(bei)魏(wei)真(zhen)書《始平(ping)公》等碑(bei)。”
現代碑帖鑒定家(jia)蔣文(wen)光:“《張(zhang)遷(qian)碑》是漢(han)碑中藝(yi)術(shu)水(shui)平很高的(de)(de)一件(jian)作(zuo)品(pin)。書法渾厚方折,樸(pu)茂端嚴為漢(han)碑中方整類的(de)(de)主要代表。書法用(yong)(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)以(yi)方為主,兼用(yong)(yong)圓筆(bi)(bi)(bi)。筆(bi)(bi)(bi)畫端正,結體(ti)(ti)取(qu)勢平直(zhi),飽(bao)滿嚴密,筆(bi)(bi)(bi)致樸(pu)質古拙(zhuo)遒(qiu)勁(jing)靈(ling)動(dong),多有(you)變化。同時(shi),用(yong)(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)與結體(ti)(ti)是相(xiang)互(hu)為用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de),不同書體(ti)(ti),其用(yong)(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)亦有(you)所(suo)側重。筆(bi)(bi)(bi)致變化多端,往(wang)往(wang)在均衡的(de)(de)橫直(zhi)線(xian)條和方折之中摻以(yi)一筆(bi)(bi)(bi)極(ji)其熟練(lian)而有(you)力的(de)(de)弧線(xian)。看去既筆(bi)(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)挺勁(jing),氣(qi)勢雄渾,卻又在拙(zhuo)樸(pu)中見秀(xiu)美,在端重中顯生動(dong)。全碑字字生動(dong),變化生新,樸(pu)實自然(ran),從而達到全局皆活的(de)(de)奇妙效果。”
《張遷(qian)碑(bei)》對(dui)清(qing)代隸書影響(xiang)極大,直至近代仍有(you)著獨特的(de)地位。與東漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)期其(qi)他名碑(bei)相比(bi),它是對(dui)東漢(han)(han)(han)桓靈時(shi)期講究規則整飭的(de)流行漢(han)(han)(han)隸的(de)一種(zhong)創(chuang)新,為漢(han)(han)(han)碑(bei)帶(dai)來活潑的(de)意態(tai),注入(ru)了(le)新鮮的(de)血液。該碑(bei)不僅為漢(han)(han)(han)人分(fen)書之(zhi)代表(biao),而且其(qi)用(yong)筆(bi)結體之(zhi)奇肆跌宕已開魏晉風氣,對(dui)清(qing)代書法藝(yi)術的(de)發(fa)展起了(le)承啟的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。
《張遷碑(bei)(bei)》于(yu)(yu)漢(han)靈帝中(zhong)(zhong)平三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(186年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))立碑(bei)(bei)山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)平縣。明(ming)代初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被掘地發現,最(zui)早(zao)著錄(lu)見(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)代都穆《金薤琳瑯(lang)》。明(ming)初出土時立于(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)平儒學明(ming)倫堂前,當時銘文尚完(wan)好可讀。至明(ming)正德年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1506—1521年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),“東(dong)(dong)里潤色(se)”四(si)字(zi)尚完(wan)好,僅(jin)殘(can)缺五(wu)字(zi)。清乾(qian)隆(long)間(1711—1799年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),“東(dong)(dong)里潤色(se)”的“東(dong)(dong)”字(zi)泐(le)(le)半,“潤”字(zi)的“水”旁僅(jin)存中(zhong)(zhong)點,“色(se)”字(zi)與下“君”字(zi)皆泐(le)(le)大半。光緒十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))碑(bei)(bei)毀于(yu)(yu)火(huo),常熟翁氏就原碑(bei)(bei)重新剔刻,但神氣全(quan)非,幸碑(bei)(bei)陰文尚完(wan)好如舊。解放后(hou),在東(dong)(dong)平縣府(fu)院內(nei)(nei)建亭(ting),將(jiang)碑(bei)(bei)置于(yu)(yu)亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)移岱廟(miao)炳靈門內(nei)(nei),外置玻(bo)璃罩(zhao)保護。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月移于(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)泰山岱廟(miao)碑(bei)(bei)廊,后(hou)一直陳列收(shou)藏于(yu)(yu)此。現殘(can)泐(le)(le)六十(shi)八(ba)字(zi),其中(zhong)(zhong)二(er)十(shi)二(er)字(zi)全(quan)泐(le)(le)。