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基本介紹

《張遷(qian)碑》又名《張遷(qian)表頌(song)》，全稱《漢(han)故谷城長蕩陰令張君表頌(song)》，是東漢(han)晚期佚名書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)書(shu)丹(dan)，東漢(han)碑刻家(jia)孫興刻石而成的一件隸書(shu)書(shu)法(fa)作品。此碑于東漢(han)中平三年(nian)（186年(nian)）刻立(li)，明代初年(nian)出土，現收(shou)藏于山東泰山岱廟碑廊(lang)。

《張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)遷(qian)碑(bei)》篆額題“漢故轂城長蕩(dang)陰(yin)令張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)君表頌”12字(zi)(zi)(zi)，額字(zi)(zi)(zi)獨呈扁形(xing)，書意在篆隸之間；碑(bei)陽正(zheng)文15行，行42字(zi)(zi)(zi)，共(gong)567字(zi)(zi)(zi)；碑(bei)陰(yin)3列，上2列19行，下列3行碑(bei)文。此(ci)碑(bei)是(shi)谷城故吏(li)韋萌等(deng)為追念張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)遷(qian)之功(gong)(gong)德而立，銘文著重(zhong)宣揚張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)遷(qian)及(ji)其祖先(xian)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)仲、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)釋之和張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)騫的(de)功(gong)(gong)績(ji)，并涉及(ji)到黃巾起(qi)義軍的(de)有關情節，具(ju)有很高的(de)史(shi)料價值(zhi)。

《張遷碑》是東漢隸書(shu)(shu)(shu)成熟時(shi)期的(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)，書(shu)(shu)(shu)法造詣高。此碑自出土(tu)以(yi)來，為歷代金(jin)石、書(shu)(shu)(shu)法家所推崇(chong)。在眾多的(de)(de)漢代碑刻(ke)中，此碑以(yi)古樸(pu)(pu)、厚重(zhong)、典雅(ya)取勝，字里(li)行間(jian)流露出率真之意(yi)，具有民間(jian)樸(pu)(pu)質之風(feng)，格(ge)調峻實(shi)穩重(zhong)，堪稱神品(pin)。它(ta)起筆方(fang)折(zhe)寬厚，轉角方(fang)圓(yuan)兼備(bei)，運筆遒(qiu)勁而曲折(zhe)有力，落筆穩健(jian)，可謂是漢隸方(fang)筆系統的(de)(de)代表作(zuo)。

內容介紹

書法內容

碑額釋文

漢故榖城長蕩陰令張君(jun)表頌

碑陽釋文

君(jun)(jun)(jun)諱遷，字公(gong)方(fang)，陳留(liu)己吾人也。君(jun)(jun)(jun)之先出自有(you)(you)(you)周，周宣王中(zhong)興，有(you)(you)(you)張仲，以孝(xiao)友為(wei)(wei)行，披覽《詩·雅》，煥知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)。高帝龍興，有(you)(you)(you)張良(liang)，善用(yong)籌策，在(zai)帷幕之內，決勝負千里(li)之外，析珪于(yu)(yu)留(liu)。文景之間，有(you)(you)(you)張釋之，建(jian)忠弼(bi)之謨。帝游(you)上林(lin)，問(wen)(wen)禽狩所有(you)(you)(you)。苑令(ling)不(bu)對，更問(wen)(wen)嗇夫(fu)，嗇夫(fu)事對。于(yu)(yu)是進嗇夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)令(ling)，令(ling)退為(wei)(wei)嗇夫(fu)。釋之議為(wei)(wei)不(bu)可：苑令(ling)有(you)(you)(you)公(gong)卿之才，嗇夫(fu)喋喋小(xiao)吏，非(fei)社(she)稷之重。上從(cong)言。孝(xiao)武時，有(you)(you)(you)張騫，廣通風俗，開(kai)定畿寓，南苞八蠻，西(xi)(xi)羈六戎，北震五狄，東(dong)勤九夷(yi)。荒遠既(ji)殯(bin)，各貢所有(you)(you)(you)。張是輔漢，世載其(qi)(qi)德。爰既(ji)且于(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)，蓋其(qi)(qi)繵縺。纘戎鴻緒，牧守相(xiang)系(xi)，不(bu)殞高問(wen)(wen)。孝(xiao)弟于(yu)(yu)家，中(zhong)謇于(yu)(yu)朝。治(zhi)京氏易，聰(cong)麗權略，藝于(yu)(yu)從(cong)政(zheng)。少為(wei)(wei)郡吏，隱(yin)練職位，常在(zai)股肱。數為(wei)(wei)從(cong)事，聲無(wu)細聞。征(zheng)拜郎中(zhong)，除谷城長。蠶(can)月(yue)之務，不(bu)閉四門(men)。臘正之祭，休(xiu)囚歸(gui)賀。八月(yue)筭民，不(bu)煩于(yu)(yu)鄉。隨就虛(xu)落，存恤高年。路無(wu)拾遺，犁種(zhong)宿(su)野(ye)。黃巾初起(qi)，燒(shao)平城市，斯(si)縣獨全。子(zi)賤孔蔑，其(qi)(qi)道區(qu)別。《尚書》五教(jiao)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)崇其(qi)(qi)寬；詩云愷(kai)悌，君(jun)(jun)(jun)隆其(qi)(qi)恩(en)；東(dong)里(li)潤色(se)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)垂其(qi)(qi)仁(ren)。邵伯(bo)分陜，君(jun)(jun)(jun)懿(yi)于(yu)(yu)棠。晉陽佩瑋，西(xi)(xi)門(men)帶弦。君(jun)(jun)(jun)之體素(su)，能(neng)雙(shuang)其(qi)(qi)勛。流化八基，遷蕩(dang)陰令(ling)。吏民頡頏(hang)，隨送如云。周公(gong)東(dong)征(zheng)，西(xi)(xi)人怨思。奚斯(si)贊魯。考父頌殷。前喆遺芳，有(you)(you)(you)功不(bu)書，后無(wu)述(shu)焉。于(yu)(yu)是刊石豎表(biao)，銘勒萬載。三代以來(lai)，雖遠猶(you)近(jin)，《詩》云舊國，其(qi)(qi)命惟新(xin)。

于穆(mu)我(wo)君，既敦既純。雪白之性(xing)，孝友之仁。紀行(xing)來本，蘭生(sheng)有(you)芬(fen)，克岐有(you)兆，綏御(yu)有(you)勛。利器不覿，魚不出淵。國之良(liang)干(gan)(gan)，垂愛在民。蔽沛(pei)棠樹，溫溫恭人。乾(qian)道不繆，唯淑(shu)是親。既多受祉(zhi)，永(yong)享南山(shan)。干(gan)(gan)祿無疆，子子孫孫。

惟(wei)中平三年，歲在(zai)攝提(ti)，二(er)月震節，紀(ji)日上旬。陽氣厥析(xi)，感思舊君。故吏韋萌等，僉然(ran)同聲，賃師(shi)孫興，刊石立表，以(yi)示后昆(kun)。共享(xiang)天祚(zuo)，億載萬(wan)年。

碑陰釋文

故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)安國(guo)長韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)珍(zhen)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少王錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)雅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)景錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世節(jie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守(shou)令韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)遠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守(shou)令范(fan)伯犀，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金石錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)督(du)郵(you)范(fan)齊公(gong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)文(wen)宗錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)千。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)世節(jie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府卿錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)季考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯臺錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)德(de)寶錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)俊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泛定國(guo)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)閏德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)孫(sun)升高錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)逴錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)排(pai)山錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)巨錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義才(cai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔節(jie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)緒錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)客人錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)原宣德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)明錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)成錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔世錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)國(guo)方錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯善錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泛奉祖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)榮(rong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)利德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武章，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)騶(zou)叔(shu)義，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟(meng)光錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟(meng)平錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守(shou)令韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。

背景介紹

此碑(bei)石(shi)于東(dong)(dong)漢靈帝中平(ping)三(san)年(nian)（186年(nian)）立(li)碑(bei)于山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)平(ping)縣，是頌揚張遷執政谷城時(shi)多施惠政的政績；碑(bei)陰刻有立(li)碑(bei)官吏姓名(ming)及捐資錢數。

碑主(zhu)張遷(qian)，字(zi)公方，陳(chen)留己吾（今河南(nan)(nan)寧陵境內(nei)）人(ren)。曾任谷城（今河南(nan)(nan)洛陽市西北）長，遷(qian)蕩陰(yin)（今河南(nan)(nan)湯陰(yin)縣）令。碑文系故吏韋萌等為(wei)(wei)追念其功(gong)德而立。碑文書(shu)法(fa)多(duo)別體，未(wei)署書(shu)者姓名，刻(ke)石(shi)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)孫興。清初顧炎武《金石(shi)文字(zi)記》疑此(ci)碑為(wei)(wei)后(hou)人(ren)摹刻(ke)，但多(duo)數考(kao)古(gu)學家和金石(shi)學家則認為(wei)(wei)，其書(shu)風(feng)通篇方筆，古(gu)樸拙茂，非漢代人(ren)不能(neng)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)，碑面剝(bo)落的痕跡，也(ye)非人(ren)為(wei)(wei)所能(neng)做到，因此(ci)，當(dang)是漢代原(yuan)碑無疑。

鑒賞評價

作品鑒賞

用筆

《張遷(qian)碑》運(yun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)以方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)為主(zhu)，用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)逆(ni)鋒(feng)堅(jian)實(shi)，萬(wan)毫(hao)齊(qi)力(li)(li)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)圓(yuan)兼備(bei)，沉著飽(bao)滿。橫(heng)畫(hua)兩(liang)端都見方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，粗(cu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)渾厚(hou)，有萬(wan)鈞不屈之力(li)(li)，如(ru)“言”、“善”等字。書寫(xie)時(shi)(shi)萬(wan)毫(hao)齊(qi)力(li)(li)，行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)似有反力(li)(li)相阻，右(you)端回鋒(feng)上提(ti)收(shou)(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，欲左先右(you)，無往不收(shou)(shou)(shou)。“蠶頭雁尾”的(de)橫(heng)畫(hua)寫(xie)法(fa)也一樣，起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)處重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頓(dun)后(hou)，漸提(ti)行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，正鋒(feng)而行，筆(bi)(bi)(bi)壯墨飽(bao)，收(shou)(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)(shi)頓(dun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)后(hou)迅速(su)上提(ti)，挺直凝重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而有力(li)(li)。豎畫(hua)的(de)用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)是落筆(bi)(bi)(bi)逆(ni)鋒(feng)向(xiang)上，提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)調鋒(feng)起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)處方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)厚(hou)飽(bao)滿，再調筆(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)向(xiang)下，豎鋒(feng)運(yun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，收(shou)(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)(shi)或輕或重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頓(dun)后(hou)，提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)向(xiang)上回收(shou)(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)，如(ru)“之”、“中(zhong)”、“尚”等字。折(zhe)(zhe)畫(hua)是在(zai)橫(heng)畫(hua)收(shou)(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)處將筆(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)上提(ti)，換向(xiang)后(hou)在(zai)原處入紙行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，轉折(zhe)(zhe)處方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)整斬截又自(zi)然，略(lve)呈(cheng)外方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內圓(yuan)，或內外皆方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，如(ru)“月”、“巾(jin)”等字的(de)折(zhe)(zhe)畫(hua)。

特(te)(te)別是此碑的(de)撇(pie)畫(hua)比(bi)絕大多數(shu)知名(ming)的(de)漢碑隸書都要豐(feng)富(fu)些，如(ru)“更”、“令(ling)”等字(zi)，其寫法下筆(bi)如(ru)同豎畫(hua)，藏鋒(feng)逆入，中(zhong)(zhong)鋒(feng)行筆(bi)順(shun)勢頓駐后逐(zhu)漸(jian)上提后回收。撇(pie)畫(hua)是隸書中(zhong)(zhong)具有特(te)(te)色的(de)筆(bi)畫(hua)，由于是向左方運筆(bi)，行時(shi)阻(zu)力大，力量(liang)強勁，圓(yuan)轉道(dao)健，筆(bi)力暢達，如(ru)“命(ming)”字(zi)，部分字(zi)的(de)豎鉤也可看作撇(pie)畫(hua)的(de)一種，如(ru)“孝”字(zi)。撇(pie)畫(hua)的(de)妙處(chu)在于收筆(bi)的(de)變(bian)(bian)化，因輕重、長短、斜度的(de)不同作相應(ying)處(chu)理(li)，因此變(bian)(bian)化多姿(zi)。有的(de)收筆(bi)回鋒(feng)圓(yuan)渾，有的(de)收筆(bi)方截(jie)，每一撇(pie)畫(hua)皆根(gen)據字(zi)形差異處(chu)理(li)得恰(qia)到(dao)好處(chu)。

捺(na)(na)畫(hua)(hua)也是此碑極為(wei)突出的(de)筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，主要(yao)是平(ping)捺(na)(na)和斜捺(na)(na)。此碑捺(na)(na)畫(hua)(hua)寫得厚重而雄健，落筆(bi)(bi)取逆(ni)勢，調鋒后提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)行(xing)(xing)筆(bi)(bi)，用力(li)(li)勻稱至捺(na)(na)腳稍頓后提(ti)鋒，然后順勢宛轉而出，筆(bi)(bi)鋒在(zai)空(kong)中作(zuo)收勢，給(gei)人(ren)一種樸拙但不(bu)刻(ke)板的(de)感覺。如“吏”字的(de)捺(na)(na)逆(ni)鋒起筆(bi)(bi)，在(zai)行(xing)(xing)筆(bi)(bi)過程中，逐漸用力(li)(li)漸行(xing)(xing)漸按，鋪毫(hao)向右(you)下行(xing)(xing)筆(bi)(bi)，行(xing)(xing)至捺(na)(na)端，提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)右(you)上輕(qing)出，捺(na)(na)腳似方(fang)似圓，力(li)(li)含(han)其中“敦”字之捺(na)(na)雖(sui)不(bu)粗壯，但筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)含(han)力(li)(li)在(zai)內，雄強剛勁，深沉有力(li)(li)。捺(na)(na)畫(hua)(hua)落筆(bi)(bi)常作(zuo)蠶頭(tou)狀，捺(na)(na)腳作(zuo)雁(yan)尾狀，與他碑橫畫(hua)(hua)“蠶頭(tou)雁(yan)尾”之狀相合。

結字

《張遷(qian)碑(bei)》結字(zi)巧中有拙(zhuo)，拙(zhuo)中寓巧，大(da)巧若拙(zhuo)。它完全去掉了雕(diao)飾(shi)的成分(fen)，一(yi)任天(tian)然(ran)，真可謂道(dao)法(fa)自然(ran)，渾然(ran)天(tian)成。字(zi)的各部(bu)分(fen)關系(xi)處理(li)得非常生動，挪(nuo)讓呼應(ying)，顧盼有情，憨態可掬。

在整體(ti)上雖扁方，整飭劃一，又因字立形，順其(qi)自然，險中(zhong)求(qiu)(qiu)正(zheng)，字體(ti)端莊(zhuang)樸茂，筆短意長(chang)，有(you)些字突出主筆橫(heng)畫(hua)和捺畫(hua)，以(yi)盡其(qi)勢。全(quan)碑各字穩(wen)而不呆(dai)，動感(gan)強烈，動中(zhong)求(qiu)(qiu)穩(wen)，穩(wen)中(zhong)求(qiu)(qiu)變。神采奕然的(de)體(ti)態特征在形體(ti)、筆畫(hua)的(de)避讓(rang)、空(kong)間(jian)布白的(de)處理、平(ping)正(zheng)與險絕的(de)錯落中(zhong)表(biao)現得淋漓(li)盡致，看似簡單，實則(ze)妙趣橫(heng)生，有(you)“險絕”后“復歸(gui)平(ping)正(zheng)”之(zhi)感(gan)。

章法

《張遷碑(bei)》章法不(bu)拘一格(ge)，生動(dong)活(huo)潑。漢代碑(bei)刻(ke)多有邊(bian)框方格(ge)，排列整齊，所以大部分漢碑(bei)字(zi)形(xing)大小一致，平均擺放，給人中規(gui)中矩的(de)(de)(de)感覺。而(er)《張遷碑(bei)》卻(que)獨(du)樹一幟，通篇取(qu)茂密(mi)(mi)(mi)之勢，但字(zi)間和行間都無嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)固定距離，疏(shu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)適當(dang)，“疏(shu)處可以走馬，密(mi)(mi)(mi)處不(bu)使透風”。既嚴謹(jin)又(you)空靈，疏(shu)處闊綽(chuo)而(er)不(bu)散漫，達(da)到了疏(shu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)對立統一。同時，字(zi)形(xing)大小參(can)差(cha)，正斜互用，疏(shu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)隨意，但整體上又(you)相互呼(hu)應(ying)，左(zuo)右顧盼，一派天真爛漫的(de)(de)(de)景象。

名家點評

明·王世貞(zhen)《州山人題跋(ba)》：“其(qi)書(shu)不能工(gong)，而(er)典(dian)雅饒古意，終非永嘉以后(hou)所可及也。”

清·孫(sun)承澤(ze)《庚子消夏記(ji)》：“書(shu)法方整爾雅，漢(han)石中不多見者。”

清·郭尚先(xian)《芳堅館題跋》：“漢碑嚴重平硬，是碑為冠。”

清·楊(yang)守敬(jing)《平碑記》：“（此碑）用(yong)筆(bi)已開魏晉風氣，此源始于《西狹頌》，流(liu)為黃初三碑《上尊號奏》《受(shou)禪表》《孔羨碑》之折刀頭(tou)，再變為北(bei)魏真書(shu)《始平公(gong)》等碑。”

現代碑(bei)帖鑒定家蔣(jiang)文光(guang)：“《張遷碑(bei)》是漢碑(bei)中(zhong)藝術水平很高的一件(jian)作品。書法(fa)渾(hun)厚方(fang)折，樸(pu)茂端(duan)(duan)嚴(yan)為(wei)漢碑(bei)中(zhong)方(fang)整(zheng)類的主要代表(biao)。書法(fa)用筆(bi)(bi)以方(fang)為(wei)主，兼用圓筆(bi)(bi)。筆(bi)(bi)畫端(duan)(duan)正(zheng)，結體(ti)(ti)取勢平直，飽滿嚴(yan)密，筆(bi)(bi)致樸(pu)質古拙(zhuo)(zhuo)遒勁(jing)靈動(dong)(dong)，多有變化(hua)。同時(shi)，用筆(bi)(bi)與結體(ti)(ti)是相(xiang)互為(wei)用的，不(bu)同書體(ti)(ti)，其(qi)用筆(bi)(bi)亦(yi)有所側重(zhong)。筆(bi)(bi)致變化(hua)多端(duan)(duan)，往往在(zai)(zai)均衡的橫(heng)直線條和方(fang)折之(zhi)中(zhong)摻以一筆(bi)(bi)極其(qi)熟練而(er)有力的弧線。看去既筆(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)挺勁(jing)，氣勢雄渾(hun)，卻(que)又在(zai)(zai)拙(zhuo)(zhuo)樸(pu)中(zhong)見秀美，在(zai)(zai)端(duan)(duan)重(zhong)中(zhong)顯生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)。全碑(bei)字字生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)，變化(hua)生(sheng)新(xin)，樸(pu)實自然，從(cong)而(er)達到全局皆活的奇(qi)妙(miao)效果(guo)。”

其他信息

后世影響

《張遷碑》對清代隸書影(ying)響極大，直(zhi)至近代仍有著(zhu)獨特的(de)(de)(de)地位。與東(dong)漢(han)時(shi)(shi)期其(qi)(qi)他名碑相比(bi)，它(ta)是對東(dong)漢(han)桓(huan)靈時(shi)(shi)期講究規則整飭的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)行漢(han)隸的(de)(de)(de)一種創新(xin)，為漢(han)碑帶(dai)來活潑的(de)(de)(de)意態，注入了新(xin)鮮的(de)(de)(de)血液。該碑不僅為漢(han)人分書之(zhi)代表，而(er)且(qie)其(qi)(qi)用筆結體(ti)之(zhi)奇肆跌宕已開魏晉(jin)風氣(qi)，對清代書法(fa)藝術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展起了承啟的(de)(de)(de)作用。

歷史傳承

《張遷碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》于(yu)漢靈帝中平三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（186年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）立碑(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)東(dong)東(dong)平縣。明代初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)掘地發現，最早(zao)著錄見(jian)于(yu)明代都(dou)穆(mu)《金薤琳瑯(lang)》。明初(chu)出土時立于(yu)東(dong)平儒(ru)學明倫(lun)堂前，當(dang)時銘文尚完(wan)好可讀(du)。至明正德年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（1506—1521年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），“東(dong)里(li)潤(run)色”四(si)字(zi)尚完(wan)好，僅殘缺(que)五字(zi)。清乾隆(long)間（1711—1799年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），“東(dong)里(li)潤(run)色”的(de)“東(dong)”字(zi)泐(le)半，“潤(run)”字(zi)的(de)“水”旁僅存中點，“色”字(zi)與下“君”字(zi)皆泐(le)大半。光緒十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）碑(bei)(bei)(bei)毀于(yu)火，常熟翁氏就原碑(bei)(bei)(bei)重(zhong)新剔刻，但神氣全(quan)非，幸碑(bei)(bei)(bei)陰文尚完(wan)好如舊。解放后(hou)，在(zai)東(dong)平縣府院(yuan)內(nei)建亭，將碑(bei)(bei)(bei)置于(yu)亭內(nei)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)移(yi)岱(dai)(dai)廟炳靈門(men)內(nei)，外置玻璃罩保護。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月移(yi)于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)泰山(shan)岱(dai)(dai)廟碑(bei)(bei)(bei)廊，后(hou)一直陳列收藏于(yu)此。現殘泐(le)六十(shi)八字(zi)，其(qi)中二十(shi)二字(zi)全(quan)泐(le)。