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基本介紹

《張遷碑》又名(ming)《張遷表頌》，全稱《漢(han)故谷城(cheng)長蕩陰(yin)令張君表頌》，是東(dong)(dong)漢(han)晚期佚名(ming)書法(fa)(fa)家書丹，東(dong)(dong)漢(han)碑刻(ke)(ke)家孫興刻(ke)(ke)石而成(cheng)的(de)一件(jian)隸書書法(fa)(fa)作品。此碑于東(dong)(dong)漢(han)中平三年（186年）刻(ke)(ke)立，明代(dai)初年出土，現收(shou)藏于山東(dong)(dong)泰(tai)山岱廟碑廊。

《張(zhang)遷(qian)碑》篆(zhuan)額題“漢故(gu)(gu)轂城長(chang)蕩陰令張(zhang)君表頌”12字，額字獨呈扁形，書意(yi)在篆(zhuan)隸之間(jian)；碑陽(yang)正文15行(xing)，行(xing)42字，共(gong)567字；碑陰3列(lie)，上(shang)2列(lie)19行(xing)，下列(lie)3行(xing)碑文。此碑是谷(gu)城故(gu)(gu)吏(li)韋(wei)萌(meng)等(deng)為追(zhui)念張(zhang)遷(qian)之功德而立，銘文著重(zhong)宣揚張(zhang)遷(qian)及(ji)其(qi)祖(zu)先張(zhang)仲、張(zhang)良、張(zhang)釋之和張(zhang)騫的功績，并(bing)涉(she)及(ji)到黃巾起義軍的有關情節，具有很高的史(shi)料價值(zhi)。

《張遷(qian)碑(bei)》是東漢隸(li)書(shu)成熟時期的作品，書(shu)法造詣高。此碑(bei)自出(chu)土以(yi)來，為歷代金石、書(shu)法家所推(tui)崇。在(zai)眾多的漢代碑(bei)刻中，此碑(bei)以(yi)古樸、厚(hou)重(zhong)、典雅取(qu)勝，字(zi)里行間流露出(chu)率(lv)真之意，具有民間樸質之風，格(ge)調峻實穩(wen)重(zhong)，堪稱神品。它(ta)起筆(bi)(bi)方(fang)折寬(kuan)厚(hou)，轉角方(fang)圓兼備，運筆(bi)(bi)遒(qiu)勁而曲折有力，落筆(bi)(bi)穩(wen)健(jian)，可謂(wei)是漢隸(li)方(fang)筆(bi)(bi)系統的代表作。

內容介紹

書法內容

碑額釋文

漢故榖城長蕩陰令張(zhang)君表頌

碑陽釋文

君諱遷，字公(gong)方(fang)，陳留己吾人(ren)(ren)也。君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)出自(zi)有(you)(you)周，周宣王中(zhong)興(xing)，有(you)(you)張(zhang)仲，以孝友為(wei)(wei)行，披(pi)覽《詩·雅(ya)》，煥(huan)知其(qi)(qi)祖。高(gao)帝龍(long)興(xing)，有(you)(you)張(zhang)良，善用籌策，在帷幕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，決勝負千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，析(xi)珪于(yu)(yu)留。文景之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，有(you)(you)張(zhang)釋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，建忠弼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謨。帝游上林，問(wen)(wen)禽狩所有(you)(you)。苑令(ling)不(bu)對(dui)，更問(wen)(wen)嗇(se)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，嗇(se)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)事對(dui)。于(yu)(yu)是進嗇(se)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)令(ling)，令(ling)退為(wei)(wei)嗇(se)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。釋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)議為(wei)(wei)不(bu)可：苑令(ling)有(you)(you)公(gong)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)，嗇(se)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)喋喋小吏(li)，非社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重。上從(cong)(cong)言。孝武(wu)時，有(you)(you)張(zhang)騫，廣通風俗，開定畿寓，南苞八蠻，西羈(ji)六戎，北震五狄，東勤九夷。荒遠既(ji)殯，各貢所有(you)(you)。張(zhang)是輔漢，世載其(qi)(qi)德(de)。爰既(ji)且于(yu)(yu)君，蓋其(qi)(qi)繵(chan)縺。纘戎鴻緒(xu)，牧守相(xiang)系，不(bu)殞高(gao)問(wen)(wen)。孝弟(di)于(yu)(yu)家(jia)，中(zhong)謇于(yu)(yu)朝。治京氏易，聰麗(li)權略，藝于(yu)(yu)從(cong)(cong)政。少為(wei)(wei)郡吏(li)，隱(yin)練職位(wei)，常(chang)在股肱。數為(wei)(wei)從(cong)(cong)事，聲無(wu)細聞(wen)。征(zheng)(zheng)拜郎(lang)中(zhong)，除谷城(cheng)長。蠶月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務，不(bu)閉四門。臘正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭，休囚歸賀(he)。八月筭民(min)，不(bu)煩于(yu)(yu)鄉(xiang)。隨(sui)(sui)就虛落，存恤高(gao)年(nian)。路無(wu)拾遺，犁種宿野。黃巾(jin)初起，燒平城(cheng)市，斯縣獨全。子賤孔蔑(mie)，其(qi)(qi)道區別(bie)。《尚書(shu)》五教，君崇其(qi)(qi)寬；詩云愷悌，君隆其(qi)(qi)恩；東里潤色，君垂其(qi)(qi)仁。邵伯分陜，君懿于(yu)(yu)棠。晉陽佩瑋，西門帶弦。君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體素，能雙其(qi)(qi)勛。流化八基，遷蕩陰令(ling)。吏(li)民(min)頡頏，隨(sui)(sui)送(song)如云。周公(gong)東征(zheng)(zheng)，西人(ren)(ren)怨思。奚斯贊魯。考父頌(song)殷。前喆遺芳，有(you)(you)功不(bu)書(shu)，后無(wu)述(shu)焉。于(yu)(yu)是刊石豎表(biao)，銘勒萬載。三(san)代以來，雖遠猶(you)近，《詩》云舊(jiu)國，其(qi)(qi)命惟新。

于穆(mu)我君，既(ji)(ji)敦(dun)既(ji)(ji)純。雪白之性，孝友之仁。紀(ji)行來(lai)本(ben)，蘭生有(you)芬，克(ke)岐有(you)兆，綏御有(you)勛。利器不(bu)覿，魚不(bu)出淵。國之良(liang)干，垂(chui)愛在民。蔽沛棠樹，溫溫恭人(ren)。乾道不(bu)繆，唯淑是親(qin)。既(ji)(ji)多受(shou)祉(zhi)，永享南(nan)山(shan)。干祿(lu)無疆，子子孫孫。

惟(wei)中(zhong)平三(san)年，歲在攝提(ti)，二月(yue)震節，紀日(ri)上旬。陽(yang)氣厥析，感思舊君(jun)。故吏韋萌等，僉然(ran)同聲，賃師孫興，刊石立表，以(yi)示(shi)后昆。共享天(tian)祚，億載萬年。

碑陰釋文

故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)安國(guo)(guo)長(chang)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔珍錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少王錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元雅(ya)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元景錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)節(jie)(jie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)令韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔遠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)令范(fan)(fan)(fan)伯(bo)犀，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金石(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)督郵范(fan)(fan)(fan)齊公(gong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)文宗錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)千。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)世(shi)節(jie)(jie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府卿錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)季(ji)考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)臺錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)德(de)寶錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)俊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泛定(ding)國(guo)(guo)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)閏德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)孫升(sheng)高錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)逴錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)排山錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)巨錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義(yi)(yi)才錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔節(jie)(jie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元緒錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)客人錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)原宣(xuan)德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)明(ming)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)成(cheng)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔世(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)國(guo)(guo)方錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)善錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泛奉祖(zu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)榮，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)(fan)利德(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武章，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)騶叔義(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟(meng)光錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟(meng)平錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)令韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。

背景介紹

此碑(bei)(bei)石于東漢靈帝中平三年（186年）立(li)碑(bei)(bei)于山東東平縣，是頌揚張遷(qian)執政谷(gu)城(cheng)時多施惠政的政績；碑(bei)(bei)陰刻有立(li)碑(bei)(bei)官吏(li)姓(xing)名及捐資錢數。

碑(bei)主(zhu)張遷，字公方，陳留己吾（今(jin)河(he)南寧陵境內）人。曾任(ren)谷(gu)城（今(jin)河(he)南洛陽市西北）長，遷蕩陰(yin)（今(jin)河(he)南湯陰(yin)縣）令。碑(bei)文系故(gu)吏韋萌等為(wei)(wei)追念(nian)其功德而立。碑(bei)文書法多(duo)別體，未署(shu)書者姓(xing)名，刻石(shi)人為(wei)(wei)孫興。清初顧炎武(wu)《金石(shi)文字記》疑此碑(bei)為(wei)(wei)后人摹刻，但多(duo)數考古學(xue)家和金石(shi)學(xue)家則(ze)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，其書風通篇(pian)方筆(bi)，古樸拙茂，非漢代人不能為(wei)(wei)之，碑(bei)面剝落的痕跡(ji)，也非人為(wei)(wei)所能做到，因此，當(dang)是漢代原碑(bei)無(wu)疑。

鑒賞評價

作品鑒賞

用筆

《張遷碑》運(yun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)以方筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)為主，用(yong)(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)逆鋒(feng)堅實，萬毫齊力，方圓(yuan)兼備，沉著(zhu)飽(bao)滿(man)。橫(heng)(heng)畫(hua)兩(liang)端都見方，粗重(zhong)渾厚，有(you)萬鈞不屈之力，如“言(yan)”、“善”等字。書(shu)寫時(shi)萬毫齊力，行(xing)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)似有(you)反力相阻(zu)，右端回(hui)鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，欲(yu)左先右，無(wu)往不收(shou)(shou)。“蠶(can)頭雁尾(wei)”的(de)橫(heng)(heng)畫(hua)寫法也一樣(yang)，起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)重(zhong)頓(dun)后，漸(jian)提(ti)(ti)行(xing)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，正鋒(feng)而行(xing)，筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)壯墨(mo)飽(bao)，收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)頓(dun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)后迅速(su)上(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)，挺直凝重(zhong)而有(you)力。豎(shu)畫(hua)的(de)用(yong)(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)方法是落筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)逆鋒(feng)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，提(ti)(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)調鋒(feng)起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)方厚飽(bao)滿(man)，再調筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)向(xiang)下，豎(shu)鋒(feng)運(yun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)或(huo)輕或(huo)重(zhong)頓(dun)后，提(ti)(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)，如“之”、“中(zhong)”、“尚”等字。折(zhe)畫(hua)是在(zai)橫(heng)(heng)畫(hua)收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)將筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)，換向(xiang)后在(zai)原處(chu)入紙行(xing)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，轉(zhuan)折(zhe)處(chu)方整斬截又自然，略呈外方內(nei)圓(yuan)，或(huo)內(nei)外皆方，如“月”、“巾”等字的(de)折(zhe)畫(hua)。

特別是(shi)此碑(bei)的撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)比絕大多(duo)(duo)數知名的漢碑(bei)隸書都要豐富些，如(ru)“更”、“令”等字(zi)(zi)，其(qi)寫法下筆(bi)如(ru)同(tong)豎畫(hua)(hua)(hua)，藏鋒(feng)逆入，中鋒(feng)行筆(bi)順勢(shi)頓駐后逐漸(jian)上提后回收(shou)。撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)隸書中具有特色的筆(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)，由(you)于(yu)是(shi)向左方(fang)運筆(bi)，行時阻力大，力量強勁，圓轉道健，筆(bi)力暢達，如(ru)“命”字(zi)(zi)，部分字(zi)(zi)的豎鉤也可看作撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的一(yi)種，如(ru)“孝”字(zi)(zi)。撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的妙(miao)處在于(yu)收(shou)筆(bi)的變化(hua)，因輕(qing)重、長短、斜(xie)度的不同(tong)作相應處理(li)，因此變化(hua)多(duo)(duo)姿。有的收(shou)筆(bi)回鋒(feng)圓渾(hun)，有的收(shou)筆(bi)方(fang)截，每一(yi)撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)皆根(gen)據字(zi)(zi)形差(cha)異處理(li)得恰到好(hao)處。

捺(na)畫(hua)(hua)也是此(ci)碑(bei)極為突出(chu)的(de)(de)筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，主要(yao)是平捺(na)和(he)斜捺(na)。此(ci)碑(bei)捺(na)畫(hua)(hua)寫得(de)厚重而雄健，落(luo)筆(bi)(bi)取逆(ni)勢(shi)，調鋒(feng)后提筆(bi)(bi)行筆(bi)(bi)，用(yong)力(li)勻(yun)稱至(zhi)捺(na)腳稍頓后提鋒(feng)，然后順勢(shi)宛轉而出(chu)，筆(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)在空中作(zuo)收勢(shi)，給人(ren)一種樸拙但不刻板的(de)(de)感覺。如“吏”字的(de)(de)捺(na)逆(ni)鋒(feng)起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)，在行筆(bi)(bi)過程中，逐漸用(yong)力(li)漸行漸按，鋪毫向右下行筆(bi)(bi)，行至(zhi)捺(na)端(duan)，提筆(bi)(bi)右上輕出(chu)，捺(na)腳似方似圓(yuan)，力(li)含(han)其中“敦”字之捺(na)雖(sui)不粗壯(zhuang)，但筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)含(han)力(li)在內，雄強剛勁，深沉有力(li)。捺(na)畫(hua)(hua)落(luo)筆(bi)(bi)常作(zuo)蠶頭狀(zhuang)，捺(na)腳作(zuo)雁尾狀(zhuang)，與他碑(bei)橫畫(hua)(hua)“蠶頭雁尾”之狀(zhuang)相合。

結字

《張遷碑》結字巧中(zhong)有(you)拙(zhuo)(zhuo)，拙(zhuo)(zhuo)中(zhong)寓巧，大巧若拙(zhuo)(zhuo)。它完全去掉了雕飾的(de)成分，一任(ren)天然，真可謂(wei)道(dao)法自然，渾然天成。字的(de)各部分關系(xi)處理(li)得非(fei)常生動(dong)，挪(nuo)讓呼應，顧盼有(you)情，憨態可掬。

在整體(ti)(ti)上雖扁方(fang)，整飭劃一，又因字立形(xing)，順(shun)其(qi)自然(ran)，險(xian)中求正(zheng)，字體(ti)(ti)端(duan)莊樸茂(mao)，筆短(duan)意長(chang)，有些(xie)字突出主(zhu)筆橫(heng)畫(hua)和捺畫(hua)，以盡其(qi)勢。全碑各字穩而不(bu)呆，動感(gan)強烈(lie)，動中求穩，穩中求變。神采奕然(ran)的(de)體(ti)(ti)態特征在形(xing)體(ti)(ti)、筆畫(hua)的(de)避讓、空間布(bu)白的(de)處理(li)、平正(zheng)與險(xian)絕的(de)錯落中表(biao)現(xian)得淋漓(li)盡致，看(kan)似簡(jian)單，實(shi)則(ze)妙趣橫(heng)生，有“險(xian)絕”后“復歸平正(zheng)”之感(gan)。

章法

《張遷碑(bei)》章(zhang)法(fa)不拘一(yi)(yi)格(ge)(ge)，生動(dong)活潑。漢(han)代(dai)碑(bei)刻多有邊(bian)框方格(ge)(ge)，排列整齊，所以大(da)部(bu)分漢(han)碑(bei)字(zi)形(xing)大(da)小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致，平均(jun)擺放，給人中規中矩(ju)的(de)感覺。而(er)《張遷碑(bei)》卻(que)獨樹一(yi)(yi)幟，通篇取(qu)茂密之勢，但(dan)字(zi)間和行間都無(wu)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)固(gu)定距離，疏(shu)(shu)與密適當，“疏(shu)(shu)處可(ke)以走馬，密處不使透風”。既(ji)嚴(yan)謹(jin)又空(kong)靈(ling)，疏(shu)(shu)處闊綽而(er)不散(san)漫，達到了疏(shu)(shu)與密的(de)對(dui)立統一(yi)(yi)。同(tong)時，字(zi)形(xing)大(da)小(xiao)參差，正斜(xie)互用(yong)，疏(shu)(shu)密隨意，但(dan)整體上(shang)又相互呼應，左右顧盼，一(yi)(yi)派天真爛漫的(de)景象。

名家點評

明·王世貞《州山人題跋》：“其書(shu)不能工，而典雅饒古意，終非永嘉以后(hou)所(suo)可及也。”

清·孫承(cheng)澤《庚子(zi)消夏記》：“書法方整爾雅，漢(han)石中不多見(jian)者(zhe)。”

清(qing)·郭(guo)尚(shang)先《芳堅(jian)館題跋》：“漢碑(bei)(bei)嚴重平硬，是碑(bei)(bei)為(wei)冠。”

清·楊守敬《平碑(bei)記》：“（此(ci)(ci)碑(bei)）用筆已開魏晉風氣，此(ci)(ci)源始(shi)于(yu)《西(xi)狹(xia)頌》，流為黃初三碑(bei)《上尊號(hao)奏》《受禪表》《孔羨碑(bei)》之折(zhe)刀頭(tou)，再(zai)變(bian)為北魏真書《始(shi)平公》等(deng)碑(bei)。”

現代碑(bei)帖鑒定家蔣文(wen)光：“《張遷碑(bei)》是(shi)漢碑(bei)中藝術水(shui)平很高的一(yi)(yi)件作品(pin)。書法(fa)渾(hun)厚方(fang)(fang)折，樸(pu)茂(mao)端(duan)嚴為漢碑(bei)中方(fang)(fang)整(zheng)類的主要代表。書法(fa)用(yong)筆(bi)以(yi)方(fang)(fang)為主，兼用(yong)圓筆(bi)。筆(bi)畫端(duan)正(zheng)，結體(ti)取勢(shi)平直，飽(bao)滿(man)嚴密，筆(bi)致樸(pu)質古拙遒勁靈(ling)動(dong)，多有變(bian)(bian)化。同時，用(yong)筆(bi)與結體(ti)是(shi)相(xiang)互為用(yong)的，不同書體(ti)，其(qi)用(yong)筆(bi)亦有所側重(zhong)。筆(bi)致變(bian)(bian)化多端(duan)，往(wang)往(wang)在均(jun)衡的橫直線條和方(fang)(fang)折之(zhi)中摻(chan)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)筆(bi)極其(qi)熟練而有力的弧線。看去既筆(bi)筆(bi)挺勁，氣勢(shi)雄渾(hun)，卻又在拙樸(pu)中見秀美，在端(duan)重(zhong)中顯生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)。全(quan)碑(bei)字(zi)字(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)，變(bian)(bian)化生(sheng)(sheng)新，樸(pu)實自然，從而達到全(quan)局皆活的奇妙(miao)效果。”

其他信息

后世影響

《張(zhang)遷碑》對清(qing)代(dai)隸書影響極大，直至近代(dai)仍有(you)著獨特的地位。與東漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)其他(ta)名(ming)碑相比，它(ta)是對東漢(han)桓靈時(shi)期(qi)(qi)講究(jiu)規則整飭的流行漢(han)隸的一種(zhong)創新，為漢(han)碑帶來活潑的意態，注(zhu)入了新鮮的血液。該碑不僅為漢(han)人分書之代(dai)表，而且其用筆結體(ti)之奇肆跌宕已(yi)開魏晉(jin)風氣，對清(qing)代(dai)書法藝術(shu)的發展(zhan)起了承啟的作用。

歷史傳承

《張遷碑(bei)(bei)》于漢靈帝(di)中(zhong)(zhong)平三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（186年(nian)(nian)(nian)）立(li)碑(bei)(bei)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)平縣(xian)。明(ming)代初年(nian)(nian)(nian)被掘地(di)發現，最早著錄見(jian)于明(ming)代都(dou)穆(mu)《金薤琳瑯》。明(ming)初出土時立(li)于東(dong)(dong)(dong)平儒(ru)學明(ming)倫堂前，當(dang)時銘文(wen)尚(shang)完好(hao)可讀。至明(ming)正(zheng)德年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)（1506—1521年(nian)(nian)(nian)），“東(dong)(dong)(dong)里(li)潤(run)色”四字(zi)(zi)尚(shang)完好(hao)，僅(jin)殘缺五字(zi)(zi)。清乾隆間(jian)（1711—1799年(nian)(nian)(nian)），“東(dong)(dong)(dong)里(li)潤(run)色”的(de)“東(dong)(dong)(dong)”字(zi)(zi)泐半(ban)，“潤(run)”字(zi)(zi)的(de)“水”旁僅(jin)存中(zhong)(zhong)點，“色”字(zi)(zi)與下“君”字(zi)(zi)皆泐大半(ban)。光緒十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)）碑(bei)(bei)毀于火，常(chang)熟翁氏就原碑(bei)(bei)重新(xin)剔(ti)刻，但神氣全(quan)非，幸碑(bei)(bei)陰(yin)文(wen)尚(shang)完好(hao)如舊。解放(fang)后，在東(dong)(dong)(dong)平縣(xian)府院(yuan)內(nei)建(jian)亭，將碑(bei)(bei)置于亭內(nei)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)移(yi)岱廟炳靈門內(nei)，外置玻璃罩保護。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月移(yi)于山東(dong)(dong)(dong)泰山岱廟碑(bei)(bei)廊，后一直陳列收藏于此。現殘泐六十八字(zi)(zi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)二十二字(zi)(zi)全(quan)泐。