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基本介紹

《乙瑛碑(bei)(bei)》是(shi)刊刻(ke)(ke)于東漢永興元年(nian)(nian)（153年(nian)(nian)）的一方(fang)碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)，又(you)稱“百石卒史碑(bei)(bei)”“孔龢(he)碑(bei)(bei)”“孔和(he)碑(bei)(bei)”等，無撰書(shu)人姓名，屬(shu)隸書(shu)書(shu)法作品，現存于曲阜漢魏碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)陳列館。

《乙瑛碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》為(wei)方(fang)首(shou)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)，高198厘米(mi)，寬91.5厘米(mi)，厚22厘米(mi)，無額，碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文18行，每行40字(zi)，記錄了(le)魯相乙瑛上書請求為(wei)孔(kong)廟設置百石(shi)卒史一人來執掌禮器廟祀(si)之(zhi)事，屬于(yu)紀事性(xing)的(de)(de)祠廟碑(bei)(bei)(bei)，與(yu)《禮器碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《史晨碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》合稱“孔(kong)廟三碑(bei)(bei)(bei)”。書法上，其(qi)書體(ti)方(fang)整，結構嚴(yan)謹，筆勢(shi)剛健(jian)，書法雄勁，字(zi)取橫勢(shi)，粗(cu)細相間，起筆藏鋒(feng)，收筆回(hui)鋒(feng)，長筆畫呈彎弧，波(bo)尾大挑，折角圓和，波(bo)勢(shi)蘊柔，中斂旁(pang)肆，瀟(xiao)灑(sa)飛逸，氣(qi)韻盎然，被近人推為(wei)東漢(han)綺麗書派的(de)(de)代表，是漢(han)隸成熟的(de)(de)標志(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)一。

內容介紹

碑刻內容

碑陽

司徒臣雄、司空臣戒，稽首言：“魯前相瑛書言：‘詔書崇圣道，〔勉〕〔學〕〔藝〕，孔子作《春秋》，制《孝經》，□□《五經》，演《易·〔系〕┘辭》，經緯天地，幽讃神明，故特立廟。襃成侯四時來祠，事已即去。廟有禮器，無常人掌領。請置百石□□一┘人，典主守廟，春秋饗禮。財出王家錢，給犬酒直。須報。’謹問大常祠曹掾馮牟、史郭玄。辭對：‘〔故事，辟〕□〔禮〕未┘行，祠先圣師。侍祠者，孔子子孫，大宰、大祝令各一人，皆備爵。大常丞監祠，河南尹〔給〕牛〔羊〕彖□□□各一，┘大司農給米祠。’臣愚以為，如瑛言，孔子大圣，則象乾

背景介紹

據碑文記(ji)載，魯(lu)相(xiang)乙瑛(ying)上(shang)書請(qing)為魯(lu)城孔(kong)(kong)廟(miao)置(zhi)守廟(miao)者及祭祀孔(kong)(kong)子費用(yong)應由王家(jia)承出等，經司徒吳雄、司空趙戒(jie)轉呈(cheng)皇帝，得以(yi)批準(zhun)。后乙瑛(ying)離任(ren)，而(er)由繼任(ren)魯(lu)相(xiang)平(ping)選孔(kong)(kong)和(he)（孔(kong)(kong)龢）為守廟(miao)百石卒史，由魯(lu)令鮑(bao)疊造作百石吏舍等。《乙瑛(ying)碑》即是為紀念(nian)中央批準(zhun)設置(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)廟(miao)百石卒史一事而(er)立，立于東漢永興元(yuan)年(nian)（153年(nian)）。

鑒賞評價

藝術鑒賞

筆法

《乙瑛(ying)碑》的用筆(bi)方圓兼備(bei)，點畫(hua)嚴謹，輕重變化，長短參(can)差，波(bo)(bo)筆(bi)彎弧(hu)大挑，用墨(mo)有潤燥，行筆(bi)流(liu)暢生(sheng)動。有淹留遲(chi)澀，用力屈曲，或疾徐頓(dun)挫，一波(bo)(bo)三(san)折(zhe)。

一、點法

點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有圓點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、斜(xie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、橫(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、撇(pie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、捺(na)(na)(na)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等變化(hua)。丘形(xing)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“高(gao)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)獨點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)山丘狀，寫(xie)法(fa)(fa)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，轉右(you)下(xia)頓，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)左(zuo)(zuo)撇(pie)出(chu)。圓點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“器(qi)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)似(si)圓形(xing)，寫(xie)法(fa)(fa)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)下(xia)圓轉頓向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)回鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。左(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“宅”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)撇(pie)出(chu)的(de)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。右(you)方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“瑛”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)右(you)方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，轉下(xia)頓，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)右(you)斜(xie)下(xia)捺(na)(na)(na)提筆出(chu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。三(san)角點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“戒”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)間的(de)三(san)角形(xing)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，露(lu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)下(xia)頓，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)出(chu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。橫(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：隸書上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橫(heng)寫(xie)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)“主”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“請”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“言(yan)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“祠(ci)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)橫(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，寫(xie)法(fa)(fa)各不相同，有逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)橫(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有露(lu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有方(fang)(fang)頭橫(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。曾頭點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“首”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都(dou)是(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。左(zuo)(zuo)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“馮”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)邊兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一短(duan)一長(chang)(chang)，都(dou)是(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)側(ce)(ce)駐右(you)提出(chu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。左(zuo)(zuo)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“酒(jiu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)邊的(de)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有長(chang)(chang)短(duan)輕重(zhong)之別(bie)，全(quan)是(shi)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起筆向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)中(zhong)心點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輻(fu)射。左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“常”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“米”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“秋”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“崇”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，均(jun)側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)兩側(ce)(ce)出(chu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。起筆有藏有露(lu)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形(xing)有方(fang)(fang)、圓、長(chang)(chang)、短(duan)。“爵”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“年(nian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“平”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，唯有“年(nian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)右(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。下(xia)四(si)(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“漢”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“赫”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“鮑”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“黨”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“廉(lian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)四(si)(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)、向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)、向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)三(san)個方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，寫(xie)法(fa)(fa)與(yu)形(xing)象大(da)小(xiao)不同。其腳點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“讃”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“則”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“侯(hou)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)下(xia)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)兩側(ce)(ce)。撇(pie)捺(na)(na)(na)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“察”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兩點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)撇(pie)右(you)捺(na)(na)(na)出(chu)。中(zhong)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“辭”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“經”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)間的(de)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均(jun)為(wei)圓形(xing)之點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)呼(hu)應(ying)。中(zhong)四(si)(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“魯(lu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)四(si)(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，與(yu)下(xia)四(si)(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形(xing)象大(da)體相同，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形(xing)相背呼(hu)應(ying)，各有變化(hua)。

二、橫法

橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)法在《乙瑛(ying)(ying)碑(bei)》中(zhong)是(shi)一(yi)個重(zhong)要筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)法。橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)(hua)隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)稱波(bo)(bo)畫(hua)(hua)，是(shi)隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，大(da)凡每字(zi)都有(you)波(bo)(bo)畫(hua)(hua)。而且(qie)寫(xie)成(cheng)一(yi)波(bo)(bo)三(san)(san)折，長而粗壯(zhuang)。和其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)平行(xing)疊(die)排，強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)勢(shi)現象(xiang)，是(shi)《乙瑛(ying)(ying)碑(bei)》隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)之美(mei)特(te)點(dian)。這一(yi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)勢(shi)特(te)點(dian)，是(shi)隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)同(tong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)書(shu)(shu)體根本(ben)區別。特(te)別是(shi)粗重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)磔筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，遠大(da)于其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)漢碑(bei)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)(hua)有(you)直橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、拱(gong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、尖(jian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、方(fang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)等。直橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“大(da)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)(hua)，逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。短(duan)直橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)也同(tong)此法。“三(san)(san)”字(zi)之橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)各有(you)不(bu)同(tong)。一(yi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，逆起(qi)(qi)中(zhong)行(xing)尾(wei)(wei)回(hui)收(shou)，二橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)似(si)方(fang)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，三(san)(san)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)方(fang)起(qi)(qi)波(bo)(bo)挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。拱(gong)形橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“宰”字(zi)、“辭”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)(hua)，多(duo)有(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)拱(gong)勢(shi)，且(qie)長短(duan)參差。右尖(jian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“王”字(zi)、“長”字(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)(hua)，均為逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，露(lu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。左尖(jian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“下(xia)(xia)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，“司”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，“書(shu)(shu)”字(zi)各橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，多(duo)是(shi)左尖(jian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，且(qie)長短(duan)不(bu)一(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)法則是(shi)露(lu)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。斷筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“宗”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，中(zhong)間提筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)斷書(shu)(shu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)直書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。方(fang)圓(yuan)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“三(san)(san)”字(zi)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)兩橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)圓(yuan)，下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)方(fang)。波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，《乙瑛(ying)(ying)碑(bei)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)畫(hua)(hua)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)變(bian)化，一(yi)般(ban)比其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)畫(hua)(hua)粗大(da)，為逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)拱(gong)行(xing)，燕(yan)(yan)尾(wei)(wei)駐(zhu)(zhu)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，側(ce)(ce)挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：①圓(yuan)波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“前(qian)”字(zi)逆起(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)行(xing)駐(zhu)(zhu)波(bo)(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)；②方(fang)波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“重(zhong)”字(zi)下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，逆起(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)切轉中(zhong)行(xing)，燕(yan)(yan)尾(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)駐(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)切回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)；③出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“卒”字(zi)下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)行(xing)，尾(wei)(wei)駐(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)(ce)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)；④回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，如(ru)(ru)“古(gu)”字(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，波(bo)(bo)尾(wei)(wei)為駐(zhu)(zhu)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)；⑤斜波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“者”字(zi)長橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，寫(xie)成(cheng)斜勢(shi)燕(yan)(yan)尾(wei)(wei)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)；⑥短(duan)波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“行(xing)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)右上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，寫(xie)成(cheng)短(duan)燕(yan)(yan)尾(wei)(wei)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)；⑦細波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“書(shu)(shu)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，尾(wei)(wei)細波(bo)(bo)長；⑧直波(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“書(shu)(shu)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)畫(hua)(hua)較直，尾(wei)(wei)部也較圓(yuan)。

三、豎法

豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)法的(de)收筆(bi)有藏(zang)、露(lu)、方(fang)、圓(yuan)之(zhi)別。懸針豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“師”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)起中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)下行出鋒(feng)(feng)。垂(chui)露(lu)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“侍(shi)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，“所”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，起筆(bi)有藏(zang)有露(lu)，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)下行漸按提筆(bi)空收。圓(yuan)腳(jiao)(jiao)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“制”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)起中(zhong)行回(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)收筆(bi)。方(fang)腳(jiao)(jiao)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“米(mi)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)中(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)起中(zhong)行，至腳(jiao)(jiao)提筆(bi)橫(heng)切向(xiang)上回(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)。斜腳(jiao)(jiao)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“下”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)下行至腳(jiao)(jiao)提筆(bi)斜下輕(qing)(qing)上回(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)。右(you)(you)(you)(you)孤豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“即(ji)(ji)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)起，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)右(you)(you)(you)(you)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)行，回(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)收筆(bi)，把“即(ji)(ji)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寫(xie)成(cheng)上合下開之(zhi)勢。直(zhi)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“行”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)右(you)(you)(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，是(shi)直(zhi)行回(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)之(zhi)筆(bi)。相(xiang)背豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：寫(xie)在(zai)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)側的(de)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)畫，均不(bu)(bu)同程度地彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，而(er)且，左(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)較大，左(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)較小。如(ru)(ru)(ru)“月”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)向(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)彎(wan)平挑至腳(jiao)(jiao)回(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)，右(you)(you)(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)向(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)彎(wan)。細腰豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“和(he)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)下三豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)雖長(chang)短(duan)(duan)不(bu)(bu)同，但(dan)均中(zhong)腰細瘦(shou)。曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)腳(jiao)(jiao)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“罪”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下部兩(liang)(liang)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)腳(jiao)(jiao)，均向(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。撇(pie)腳(jiao)(jiao)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“第(di)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，尾部撇(pie)筆(bi)出鋒(feng)(feng)。重(zhong)右(you)(you)(you)(you)孤豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“郭”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，筆(bi)畫粗重(zhong)。輕(qing)(qing)直(zhi)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“令(ling)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)下部的(de)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)輕(qing)(qing)而(er)直(zhi)。重(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)變異：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“修(xiu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)多，長(chang)短(duan)(duan)直(zhi)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，各有變化。

四、撇法

撇(pie)(pie)(pie)畫(hua)(hua)是表(biao)現飛動開張之(zhi)勢(shi)一(yi)畫(hua)(hua)。撇(pie)(pie)(pie)尾有(you)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)與回(hui)(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，方腳與挑(tiao)腳，從撇(pie)(pie)(pie)形上看(kan)有(you)直撇(pie)(pie)(pie)與曲撇(pie)(pie)(pie)，長撇(pie)(pie)(pie)與短撇(pie)(pie)(pie)等(deng)。回(hui)(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“文(wen)”字(zi)(zi)斜撇(pie)(pie)(pie)畫(hua)(hua)尾部挑(tiao)腳回(hui)(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“吏”字(zi)(zi)的豎撇(pie)(pie)(pie)畫(hua)(hua)，撇(pie)(pie)(pie)尾部挑(tiao)筆(bi)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。挑(tiao)腳撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“為”字(zi)(zi)的長斜撇(pie)(pie)(pie)，中腰較(jiao)瘦，起(qi)筆(bi)向(xiang)右橫頓，折筆(bi)向(xiang)左斜下行，到位翻筆(bi)上挑(tiao)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。方腳撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“文(wen)”字(zi)(zi)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)向(xiang)左斜下孤行，至腳上切回(hui)(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)，使撇(pie)(pie)(pie)腳呈方形。斜直撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“者”字(zi)(zi)的撇(pie)(pie)(pie)形較(jiao)直，起(qi)筆(bi)與收(shou)筆(bi)全是藏鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。長中豐撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“米(mi)”字(zi)(zi)的長撇(pie)(pie)(pie)露鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)筆(bi)，行筆(bi)漸按再提筆(bi)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。豎曲撇(pie)(pie)(pie)：如“用”字(zi)(zi)左豎撇(pie)(pie)(pie)，逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)筆(bi)，中鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)下行，轉筆(bi)左彎，回(hui)(hui)(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)。

五、捺法

捺(na)畫是(shi)斜(xie)(xie)勢的(de)(de)波畫，筆(bi)勢比其(qi)他畫重，是(shi)很多字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)主筆(bi)，以不同斜(xie)(xie)度(du)、弧曲、輕重、方圓、藏露來表現。有“人(ren)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)捺(na)，捺(na)起筆(bi)中鋒(feng)(feng)右斜(xie)(xie)行(xing)漸按，至捺(na)腳側鋒(feng)(feng)上挑(tiao)回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)；“人(ren)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)、“歸”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)出(chu)鋒(feng)(feng)捺(na)；“給”字(zi)(zi)(zi)、“道(dao)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)挑(tiao)角捺(na)；“長”字(zi)(zi)(zi)、“之”字(zi)(zi)(zi)方腳捺(na)。

六、鉤法

鉤法變化較多，有(you)(you)(you)(you)方圓、長(chang)短(duan)、重輕(qing)、彎平之別，有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)寫成隸(li)(li)書撇，捺波畫(hua)代鉤，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)魏碑的(de)楷法。方鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“孔”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“前(qian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“氏”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，圓鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“河”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“能(neng)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，長(chang)鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“辰(chen)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“長(chang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，重鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“藝”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“他”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，輕(qing)鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“司(si)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“府(fu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“爵”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，彎鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“司(si)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“為(wei)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“孝”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，平鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“蜀(shu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“府(fu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，魏碑鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“祠”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“事”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，以(yi)隸(li)(li)書撇捺代鉤有(you)(you)(you)(you)“子”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“孔”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“元”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“戒(jie)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“誠”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“已(yi)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“乾(qian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，減(jian)鉤（即無(wu)鉤）有(you)(you)(you)(you)“司(si)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“為(wei)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

七、折法

折(zhe)(zhe)法(fa)(fa)可歸納為方折(zhe)(zhe)、圓(yuan)(yuan)折(zhe)(zhe)、平(ping)肩(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)、聳肩(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)、斷筆折(zhe)(zhe)。方折(zhe)(zhe)有“首”字(zi)(zi)；圓(yuan)(yuan)折(zhe)(zhe)有“司”字(zi)(zi)；方圓(yuan)(yuan)折(zhe)(zhe)：如(ru)(ru)“空”字(zi)(zi)外(wai)圓(yuan)(yuan)內方的折(zhe)(zhe)畫，平(ping)肩(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)“朔(shuo)”字(zi)(zi)右(you)邊“月”字(zi)(zi)的肩(jian)是(shi)平(ping)的，其寫法(fa)(fa)是(shi)橫(heng)端下(xia)回折(zhe)(zhe)，即在橫(heng)下(xia)寫豎(shu)；聳肩(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)：如(ru)(ru)“詔”字(zi)(zi)右(you)下(xia)方“口”字(zi)(zi)的肩(jian)是(shi)聳起的，其寫法(fa)(fa)是(shi)橫(heng)至肩(jian)提(ti)筆向上(shang)(shang)再(zai)折(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)；豎(shu)肩(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)，如(ru)(ru)“者”下(xia)“日”字(zi)(zi)的肩(jian)，是(shi)橫(heng)后再(zai)寫直豎(shu)，豎(shu)比橫(heng)高(gao)；斷肩(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)：如(ru)(ru)“寅”字(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)肩(jian)全斷，其寫法(fa)(fa)是(shi)橫(heng)不(bu)連豎(shu)。

八、提法

提(ti)筆被橫所代替，但寸點和右短撇都變成提(ti)筆，有提(ti)筆變橫，如(ru)“特”字、“孔”字；短撇變提(ti)，如(ru)“辰”字；點變提(ti)，如(ru)“等”字、“年”字。

結體

《乙瑛碑》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)體，寓(yu)風流于嚴謹之中，具(ju)有“冠裳佩玉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韻致和俊逸(yi)瀟灑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意趣。避(bi)免了追求(qiu)“宗廟之美”所(suo)可能(neng)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板滯(zhi)，肅穆(mu)而(er)(er)有清新(xin)活潑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)息。如“奉”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和“奏”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)頭寬(kuan)大，字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)底窄小，兩(liang)(liang)者形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)而(er)(er)不(bu)失重心；兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)“府(fu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，趣味不(bu)同，各有變化，一個(ge)豎(shu)撇(pie)低(di)(di)垂，筆畫(hua)(hua)相連，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態緊湊，一個(ge)豎(shu)撇(pie)高抬，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)斷意連，松而(er)(er)不(bu)散；“須”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左偏旁(pang)(pang)位(wei)置甚高，因(yin)右偏旁(pang)(pang)波畫(hua)(hua)寬(kuan)展(zhan)(zhan)，兩(liang)(liang)點(dian)撐開，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成了穩(wen)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體，所(suo)以高低(di)(di)錯落而(er)(er)不(bu)失平衡；“試”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和“乾”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左偏旁(pang)(pang)寫得(de)特(te)別大卻無(wu)喧賓奪主(zhu)之感，夸張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態和獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構極富個(ge)性色彩；“司”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫折(zhe)彎鉤，或(huo)伸展(zhan)(zhan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成端莊緊湊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)面包圍，或(huo)收(shou)縮構成倚側(ce)開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)面包圍；“少”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)似人斜臥，展(zhan)(zhan)示出(chu)倚側(ce)舒展(zhan)(zhan)之美；“疊”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)筆畫(hua)(hua)層疊，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態高聳，勢如山岳；“窮”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豎(shu)、撤下伸，兩(liang)(liang)“口”上抬；“成”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)扁壓而(er)(er)右戈逸(yi)出(chu)。這些字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)是一腳著地展(zhan)(zhan)現出(chu)“金雞獨立”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態美，或(huo)是擴(kuo)大筆畫(hua)(hua)間偏旁(pang)(pang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反差，呈現出(chu)新(xin)穎獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式。

章法

《乙瑛碑》的章法有如(ru)下(xia)三(san)個特點：

①縱有(you)行(xing)，橫(heng)成列，格(ge)局恢宏。《乙(yi)瑛碑(bei)(bei)》在排列上縱看成行(xing)，橫(heng)看成列，整(zheng)體章法次序井然，步伍整(zheng)齊，自(zi)不待言(yan)。由于(yu)《乙(yi)瑛碑(bei)(bei)》結字上下和左右(you)比較均衡，線條的(de)粗(cu)細、輕重(zhong)無較大起(qi)伏(fu)，外形方正，停頓有(you)度，所以，整(zheng)體布局更加規范，呈現出宏碑(bei)(bei)巨制、高(gao)文(wen)典(dian)冊、氣(qi)格(ge)宏大、高(gao)古典(dian)雅的(de)廟堂之(zhi)氣(qi)，適合置身于(yu)曲阜孔廟這種莊重(zhong)肅(su)穆之(zhi)所。

②橫(heng)(heng)向取勢，字(zi)距(ju)大(da)于(yu)行(xing)距(ju)，波(bo)涌之勢強(qiang)烈。同其它成熟期(qi)的漢碑(bei)一樣，《乙瑛碑(bei)》結字(zi)左舒右(you)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，橫(heng)(heng)向取勢。凡是(shi)撇畫(hua)、鉤畫(hua)盡(jin)量左掠，凡是(shi)波(bo)畫(hua)、捺畫(hua)盡(jin)量向右(you)肆(si)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，因此，碑(bei)中的絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)屬于(yu)扁平結構，只(zhi)有少數(shu)(shu)字(zi)比較(jiao)方正，從(cong)而整體布局形(xing)成字(zi)距(ju)大(da)于(yu)行(xing)距(ju)的章法形(xing)式。書寫(xie)者(zhe)越往(wang)后(hou)寫(xie)越心手(shou)雙暢(chang)(chang)，因而，碑(bei)后(hou)半部分(fen)向左右(you)的展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)放之勢越加(jia)(jia)(jia)明顯(xian)，越加(jia)(jia)(jia)流(liu)(liu)暢(chang)(chang)，精(jing)彩(cai)紛(fen)呈。字(zi)距(ju)大(da)于(yu)行(xing)距(ju)的格局產(chan)生橫(heng)(heng)向開張的氣勢，在(zai)行(xing)列有序之中，字(zi)里行(xing)間更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)流(liu)(liu)暢(chang)(chang)自然，氣格更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)恢宏(hong)。

③呼應連貫，左(zuo)盼右顧，縱橫涌(yong)動(dong)。《乙瑛碑》雖然結體端莊，章法上(shang)(shang)(shang)縱成行(xing)，橫有列，但其(qi)筆(bi)畫(hua)富有變化，整體布(bu)局毫不(bu)呆板。縱看，字與字之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隔(ge)并不(bu)是孤(gu)孤(gu)零(ling)零(ling)，而(er)是筆(bi)斷意連，上(shang)(shang)(shang)下呼應連貫，銜(xian)接和諧。由(you)于字的(de)形態大小不(bu)一，間(jian)隔(ge)有大有小，其(qi)字距并不(bu)是均衡劃一，空間(jian)分割(ge)或疏(shu)或密(mi)，顯得敞朗(lang)透氣。還由(you)于每個字重心取(qu)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下左(zuo)右移位，所以(yi)，一行(xing)行(xing)的(de)中(zhong)軸線左(zuo)右擺動(dong)，搖曳生姿。從橫向(xiang)(xiang)看去，行(xing)與行(xing)之間(jian)靠(kao)得很緊密(mi)，有的(de)幾乎搭肩接踵，整體觀(guan)望，像一排排涌(yong)動(dong)的(de)洪濤巨浪向(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)推進。

總而言(yan)之，《乙瑛碑》在其莊重靜肅的主調之下，又是流動的、活脫的。

作品評價

明代金石學家(jia)趙崡(han)：此碑永(yong)興(xing)元(yuan)年造。元(yuan)常，獻帝(di)初始(shi)為(wei)黃(huang)門侍郎，距永(yong)興(xing)且(qie)四(si)十(shi)年，此非元(yuan)常書(shu)明甚。未知張稚圭所(suo)按何圖。其敘事(shi)簡古，隸(li)法遒勁(jing)，令(ling)人想見(jian)漢人風采，政（正）不必附會元(yuan)常也。（《石墨鐫華·卷一·漢魯相(xiang)置孔廟卒史(shi)碑》）

明末清(qing)初金(jin)石書法家(jia)郭宗昌：碑(bei)即今(jin)公移，復爾雅簡(jian)質可讀，書益高(gao)古(gu)超(chao)逸。（《金(jin)石史(shi)·卷上·漢魯相乙(yi)瑛置孔廟卒史(shi)碑(bei)》）

明末清(qing)初收藏家(jia)孫承澤：孔(kong)廟《卒史(shi)碑(bei)》，文既爾雅簡質，書復高(gao)古超逸，漢石(shi)中之(zhi)最不易得者。都(dou)(dou)玄敬謂此碑(bei)殘(can)闕，予所收本則完善(shan)，當在都(dou)(dou)所見本以前(qian)。后云“后漢鐘太尉書”，則后人附會之(zhi)耳。（《庚子銷夏記·卷五·魯相(xiang)乙瑛請置百石(shi)卒史(shi)孔(kong)龢(he)碑(bei)》）

清(qing)代書法(fa)家(jia)萬經：字特雄偉(wei)，如冠裳佩玉，令人(ren)起敬；近人(ren)鄭簠每喜(xi)臨之。（《分隸偶(ou)存(cun)·卷上·漢魏碑(bei)考·漢置孔廟卒史孔龢碑(bei)》）

清代書法(fa)家王澍：①《乙瑛》雄古(gu)，《韓(han)敕》變(bian)化，《史(shi)晨(chen)》嚴謹，皆漢隸(li)極則。（《虛(xu)舟題(ti)跋(ba)·原卷(juan)一·漢魯(lu)相為孔(kong)廟置百石卒史(shi)碑(bei)》）②吾以(yi)《孔(kong)和》《韓(han)敕》《史(shi)晨(chen)》三碑(bei)舉(ju)似學者，以(yi)為遒古(gu)莫如《孔(kong)和》，清超莫如《韓(han)敕》，肅(su)括莫如《史(shi)晨(chen)》，三碑(bei)足概(gai)漢隸(li)。（《虛(xu)舟題(ti)跋(ba)·原卷(juan)二·漢魯(lu)相韓(han)敕孔(kong)廟碑(bei)》）

清代書(shu)法家翁方綱(gang)：是碑(bei)骨肉勻適而情(qing)文流暢，漢隸之(zhi)最可師(shi)法者，不必其定(ding)出鐘傅也。（《兩漢金石(shi)(shi)記·卷六·孔廟置守廟百石(shi)(shi)卒史碑(bei)》）

清代(dai)佛教居士彭(peng)紹(shao)升(sheng)：此碑在孔廟中(zhong)最為雄杰，然風神故自駘宕。至魏代(dai)諸碑，雄杰有(you)余，而駘宕不足。譬之(zhi)《車鄰(lin)》《駟鐵(tie)》，伯者(zhe)之(zhi)風；視雅、頌之(zhi)音，亦(yi)已遠矣。此碑或標鐘太尉(wei)書。無(wu)論時分相(xiang)縣（懸），即以(yi)氣體論，與《受禪》《勸進》諸碑，豈有(you)相(xiang)似處(chu)耶？（《雪堂所藏(zang)金石(shi)文字薄錄·漢·孔廟置(zhi)百石(shi)卒(zu)史碑（潘(pan)秋谷藏(zang)本）》）

清代書法家何(he)紹基：橫翔捷出，開后來雋利(li)一(yi)門，然肅(su)穆之氣自在。（《雪堂所藏金石文字薄錄·漢(han)·孔(kong)廟(miao)置百石卒(zu)史碑（潘(pan)秋谷(gu)藏本）》）

清(qing)代書法家方(fang)朔(shuo)：《乙(yi)瑛》立于永興元年，在三碑（《乙(yi)瑛碑》《禮器(qi)碑》《史(shi)晨碑》）為最(zui)先，而(er)字(zi)之方(fang)正沉(chen)厚，亦足以(yi)稱宗廟(miao)之美、百(bai)官(guan)之富。王蒻(ruo)林（王澍）太史(shi)謂為雄古(gu)，翁覃溪（翁方(fang)綱）閣學謂為骨肉勻適(shi)，情(qing)文流暢，漢(han)隸之最(zui)可師法者，不虛也。（《枕經堂金石跋·卷二·舊(jiu)拓漢(han)魯(lu)相請置孔廟(miao)百(bai)石卒史(shi)碑跋》）

近代書法(fa)藝術家楊守敬：或(huo)稱(cheng)《孔(kong)(kong)和(he)》，或(huo)稱(cheng)《乙瑛》，皆即此(ci)碑。有(you)宋張稚圭按(an)圖題記(ji)，指為鐘(zhong)太(tai)尉書。《隸釋》謂鐘(zhong)繇卒于魏太(tai)和(he)四年，去永興(xing)七十(shi)八(ba)年，圖經(jing)之誤(wu)，不待辨矣(yi)。然是(shi)碑隸法(fa)實佳，翁(weng)(weng)覃溪(xi)（翁(weng)(weng)方綱）云：“骨肉勻適(shi)，情文流(liu)暢(chang)。”誠非(fei)溢(yi)美(mei)。但其波磔已開唐人庸熟一路。史(shi)惟則、梁(liang)升卿諸(zhu)人，未必不從此(ci)出。或(huo)以比(bi)《禮器》，則過譽矣(yi)。（《激素飛(fei)清(qing)閣評碑記(ji)·卷一·漢(han)·孔(kong)(kong)廟置百石卒史(shi)碑》）

近代(dai)書(shu)法家康有(you)為：①于是《衡方》《乙瑛(ying)》《華山》《石經(jing)》《曹全》等碑，體(ti)扁已極，波磔(zhe)分(fen)背(bei)，隸體(ti)成矣。（《廣藝(yi)舟(zhou)雙(shuang)楫(ji)·卷(juan)二(er)·體(ti)變第四(si)》）②《王稚子闕》《嵩高(gao)銘》《封龍山》《乙瑛(ying)》等碑已有(you)挑法。（《廣藝(yi)舟(zhou)雙(shuang)楫(ji)·卷(juan)二(er)·分(fen)變第五》）③虛和(he)則有(you)《乙瑛(ying)》《史晨(chen)》。（《廣藝(yi)舟(zhou)雙(shuang)楫(ji)·卷(juan)二(er)·本漢第七》）

中(zhong)國書法(fa)家協會顧問鐘明善(shan)：左規右矩，法(fa)度(du)森(sen)嚴(yan)，立(li)漢碑(bei)(bei)(bei)風范(fan)的。這(zhe)類碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)在漢隸(li)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)為最(zui)多。其代表作有《熹平石經》《禮器碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《曹全碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《乙瑛碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《史(shi)晨(chen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《華山碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《孔宙(zhou)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《朝(chao)侯(hou)小(xiao)子殘石》《韓仁銘》《楊(yang)叔(shu)恭殘碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《白石神君碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》《劉熊碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》等。歷來人們(men)認(ren)為這(zhe)類碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)是漢隸(li)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的典(dian)范(fan)。這(zhe)一派在當時是開風習、樹“八分(fen)”法(fa)則的革新派，后(hou)世則視之為漢隸(li)中(zhong)之“館閣”。（《中(zhong)國書法(fa)簡(jian)史(shi)》）

其他信息

歷史傳承

流傳情況

《乙瑛碑》刊刻后收存在山東(dong)曲阜孔廟(miao)同文(wen)門(men)下，1978年(nian)移(yi)入孔廟(miao)東(dong)廡，1998年(nian)移(yi)存漢(han)魏碑刻陳列(lie)館(guan)。2020年(nian)10月30日，上海圖(tu)書館(guan)所藏的(de)《乙瑛碑》明末清初拓(tuo)本（有周大烈(lie)題簽）被文(wen)化和旅游(you)部公布為第六批國家珍貴(gui)古籍（編號：12888）。

著錄情況

著作 著錄名稱

名稱 作者

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金石錄 趙明誠 漢孔子(zi)廟(miao)置卒(zu)史碑

隸釋 洪適 孔廟置守廟百石(shi)孔龢碑(bei)

寶刻(ke)叢編 陳(chen)思 漢吳(wu)雄孔子廟置(zhi)卒史碑

金薤琳瑯 都穆 漢(han)魯相置孔子廟卒史碑(bei)

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蒼(cang)潤軒(xuan)元(yuan)牘記 盛時泰(tai) 漢孔廟置卒史碑

石(shi)墨鐫華 趙崡 漢魯相(xiang)置孔子(zi)廟卒史(shi)碑(bei)

金石史(shi) 郭宗昌 漢魯相乙(yi)瑛置孔(kong)子廟卒史(shi)碑(bei)

庚子銷夏(xia)記 孫承澤 魯相乙瑛請置百石卒(zu)史(shi)孔龢碑(bei)

金石文字(zi)記 顧炎武 魯相乙瑛置孔子廟百石卒(zu)史碑

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金石錄補續跋；金石小(xiao)箋(jian) 葉奕苞 漢置孔子廟卒史碑

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金石(shi)經眼錄 褚峻 孔子百石(shi)卒史(shi)碑

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南澗文集 李文藻 魯相乙瑛置(zhi)孔(kong)子廟百石(shi)卒史碑

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汪本隸(li)釋(shi)刊誤 黃丕(pi)烈 孔廟(miao)置守廟(miao)百石孔和碑

平津讀碑(bei)(bei)記(ji) 洪頤(yi)煊(xuan) 孔(kong)廟置守廟百石(shi)卒史碑(bei)(bei)

佛金(jin)山館秦(qin)漢(han)碑跋 牟(mou)房 魯相乙瑛置(zhi)孔廟百石(shi)卒史(shi)碑

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書畫所見錄 謝堃 孔子廟卒史碑

宜祿堂收藏(zang)金石記(ji) 朱士端 漢魯相置(zhi)孔廟(miao)卒史碑

枕經堂金石(shi)(shi)題跋 方朔(shuo) 漢魯(lu)相請置(zhi)百(bai)石(shi)(shi)卒史碑

俞樓雜(za)纂 俞樾 孔廟(miao)置百(bai)石卒史碑

漢石經(jing)室(shi)金石跋尾(wei) 沈樹鏞(yong) 魯相置孔子廟百石卒史碑(bei)

集古(gu)求真；集古(gu)求真補正(zheng) 歐陽輔 乙瑛碑(bei)

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