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基本介紹

《乙瑛(ying)碑(bei)》是刊(kan)刻(ke)(ke)于東漢(han)永興(xing)元年（153年）的一方碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)，又稱“百石(shi)卒史碑(bei)”“孔龢碑(bei)”“孔和(he)碑(bei)”等，無(wu)撰書人姓名(ming)，屬隸書書法(fa)作品，現(xian)存(cun)于曲阜漢(han)魏碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)陳列(lie)館。

《乙(yi)瑛碑(bei)》為(wei)(wei)方首碑(bei)，高198厘(li)(li)米，寬(kuan)91.5厘(li)(li)米，厚22厘(li)(li)米，無額(e)，碑(bei)文(wen)18行，每行40字，記(ji)錄了(le)魯相乙(yi)瑛上書請(qing)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)孔廟(miao)(miao)設置百(bai)石卒史一(yi)人來執掌禮器廟(miao)(miao)祀之事(shi)(shi)，屬于紀事(shi)(shi)性的(de)祠廟(miao)(miao)碑(bei)，與《禮器碑(bei)》《史晨(chen)碑(bei)》合稱“孔廟(miao)(miao)三(san)碑(bei)”。書法(fa)上，其書體方整(zheng)，結構嚴謹，筆勢剛健，書法(fa)雄(xiong)勁，字取橫勢，粗細相間，起筆藏鋒(feng)，收(shou)筆回(hui)鋒(feng)，長筆畫呈(cheng)彎弧(hu)，波(bo)尾大挑，折角圓和，波(bo)勢蘊柔，中斂(lian)旁(pang)肆，瀟灑(sa)飛(fei)逸，氣韻盎然，被近人推(tui)為(wei)(wei)東漢綺(qi)麗書派的(de)代表，是漢隸成熟的(de)標志碑(bei)之一(yi)。

內容介紹

碑刻內容

碑陽

司徒臣雄、司空臣戒，稽首言：“魯前相瑛書言：‘詔書崇圣道，〔勉〕〔學〕〔藝〕，孔子作《春秋》，制《孝經》，□□《五經》，演《易·〔系〕┘辭》，經緯天地，幽讃神明，故特立廟。襃成侯四時來祠，事已即去。廟有禮器，無常人掌領。請置百石□□一┘人，典主守廟，春秋饗禮。財出王家錢，給犬酒直。須報。’謹問大常祠曹掾馮牟、史郭玄。辭對：‘〔故事，辟〕□〔禮〕未┘行，祠先圣師。侍祠者，孔子子孫，大宰、大祝令各一人，皆備爵。大常丞監祠，河南尹〔給〕牛〔羊〕彖□□□各一，┘大司農給米祠。’臣愚以為，如瑛言，孔子大圣，則象乾

背景介紹

據碑(bei)文記載，魯(lu)(lu)(lu)相乙(yi)瑛上書(shu)請為(wei)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)城(cheng)孔廟(miao)置(zhi)守廟(miao)者及祭祀孔子費用(yong)應由(you)王家(jia)承出等，經(jing)司徒(tu)吳雄、司空(kong)趙戒轉呈(cheng)皇帝，得(de)以批(pi)準(zhun)。后乙(yi)瑛離任(ren)，而(er)由(you)繼(ji)任(ren)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)相平選孔和（孔龢）為(wei)守廟(miao)百(bai)石卒(zu)史，由(you)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)令鮑疊造作百(bai)石吏(li)舍等。《乙(yi)瑛碑(bei)》即是(shi)為(wei)紀念中央(yang)批(pi)準(zhun)設(she)置(zhi)孔廟(miao)百(bai)石卒(zu)史一事而(er)立，立于東漢永(yong)興元年（153年）。

鑒賞評價

藝術鑒賞

筆法

《乙(yi)瑛(ying)碑》的(de)用(yong)筆(bi)方圓兼備，點畫(hua)嚴謹，輕重變化，長短(duan)參差，波筆(bi)彎(wan)弧大挑，用(yong)墨(mo)有(you)潤燥，行筆(bi)流(liu)暢生(sheng)動。有(you)淹留(liu)遲澀，用(yong)力屈曲，或(huo)疾徐頓(dun)挫，一波三折。

一、點法

點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)有圓點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、斜點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、橫(heng)(heng)(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、撇(pie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、捺(na)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等變化。丘(qiu)形點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“高”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)獨點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)山丘(qiu)狀(zhuang)，寫(xie)(xie)法(fa)逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)，轉右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)頓(dun)，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)左(zuo)撇(pie)出。圓點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“器”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)似圓形，寫(xie)(xie)法(fa)逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)圓轉頓(dun)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)回鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)。左(zuo)方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“宅”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)撇(pie)出的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)形點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“瑛”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，轉下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)頓(dun)，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)斜下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)捺(na)提筆(bi)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)。三(san)角(jiao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“戒”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)角(jiao)形點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，露鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)頓(dun)，側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)。橫(heng)(heng)(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：隸書上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)或下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)寫(xie)(xie)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)“主(zhu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“請”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“言(yan)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“祠”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，寫(xie)(xie)法(fa)各不相同，有逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有露鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有方(fang)(fang)頭(tou)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。曾頭(tou)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“首”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。左(zuo)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“馮”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)邊兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)短(duan)一(yi)長(chang)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)側(ce)(ce)駐右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)提出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)。左(zuo)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“酒”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)邊的(de)(de)(de)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有長(chang)短(duan)輕(qing)重之(zhi)別，全是(shi)(shi)(shi)逆鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)心點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輻射。左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“常”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“米”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“秋”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“崇”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，均側(ce)(ce)鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)出鋒(feng)(feng)(feng)。起(qi)(qi)筆(bi)有藏有露，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形有方(fang)(fang)、圓、長(chang)、短(duan)。“爵”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“年”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“平”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，唯(wei)有“年”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“漢”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“赫”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“鮑”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“黨”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“廉(lian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)、向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)、向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)個方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，寫(xie)(xie)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)形象大(da)小不同。其腳點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“讃(zan)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“則”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“侯”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)。撇(pie)捺(na)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“察(cha)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)撇(pie)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)捺(na)出。中(zhong)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“辭”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“經”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均為圓形之(zhi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)呼應。中(zhong)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“魯”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，與(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形象大(da)體(ti)相同，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形相背呼應，各有變化。

二、橫法

橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)法在《乙瑛(ying)碑》中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個重要筆法。橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)隸(li)(li)書(shu)稱波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)畫(hua)，是(shi)隸(li)(li)書(shu)的(de)(de)主筆，大(da)凡每字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都(dou)有(you)(you)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)畫(hua)。而且(qie)寫成一(yi)(yi)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)三折，長(chang)(chang)而粗(cu)壯。和其(qi)他(ta)多(duo)變的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)平行(xing)(xing)疊排，強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)勢(shi)現象，是(shi)《乙瑛(ying)碑》隸(li)(li)書(shu)之美特(te)點。這一(yi)(yi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)勢(shi)特(te)點，是(shi)隸(li)(li)書(shu)同(tong)其(qi)他(ta)書(shu)體根(gen)本(ben)區別。特(te)別是(shi)粗(cu)重的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)磔筆畫(hua)，遠大(da)于其(qi)他(ta)漢碑，其(qi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)有(you)(you)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、拱橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、尖橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)等。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“大(da)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)，逆(ni)鋒(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆，回鋒(feng)收筆。短直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)也同(tong)此法。“三”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)各有(you)(you)不同(tong)。一(yi)(yi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，逆(ni)起(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)尾(wei)回收，二橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)似方(fang)(fang)(fang)起(qi)(qi)筆，三橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)起(qi)(qi)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)挑(tiao)出(chu)(chu)鋒(feng)。拱形橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“宰”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“辭”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)，多(duo)有(you)(you)上(shang)拱勢(shi)，且(qie)長(chang)(chang)短參差。右(you)尖橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“王”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“長(chang)(chang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)部(bu)的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)畫(hua)，均為(wei)逆(ni)鋒(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆，露(lu)鋒(feng)收筆。左尖橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“下(xia)(xia)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)上(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，“司”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，“書(shu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，多(duo)是(shi)左尖橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，且(qie)長(chang)(chang)短不一(yi)(yi)，其(qi)筆法則(ze)是(shi)露(lu)鋒(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆，回鋒(feng)收筆。斷(duan)筆橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“宗(zong)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，中(zhong)(zhong)間提筆斷(duan)書(shu)與(yu)上(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)的(de)(de)變化。方(fang)(fang)(fang)圓(yuan)(yuan)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“三”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)起(qi)(qi)筆上(shang)兩橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)圓(yuan)(yuan)，下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)。波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)上(shang)，《乙瑛(ying)碑》的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)畫(hua)有(you)(you)許多(duo)變化，一(yi)(yi)般比其(qi)他(ta)畫(hua)粗(cu)大(da)，為(wei)逆(ni)鋒(feng)起(qi)(qi)筆，中(zhong)(zhong)鋒(feng)拱行(xing)(xing)，燕尾(wei)駐(zhu)(zhu)筆，側(ce)挑(tiao)出(chu)(chu)鋒(feng)：①圓(yuan)(yuan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：如(ru)(ru)“前(qian)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)逆(ni)起(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)駐(zhu)(zhu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)上(shang)挑(tiao)回鋒(feng)；②方(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“重”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，逆(ni)起(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)切(qie)轉(zhuan)中(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)，燕尾(wei)下(xia)(xia)駐(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)切(qie)回鋒(feng)收筆；③出(chu)(chu)鋒(feng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“卒”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，逆(ni)鋒(feng)起(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)鋒(feng)行(xing)(xing)，尾(wei)駐(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)筆出(chu)(chu)鋒(feng)；④回鋒(feng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，如(ru)(ru)“古”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)尾(wei)為(wei)駐(zhu)(zhu)筆回鋒(feng)；⑤斜(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“者”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)長(chang)(chang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，寫成斜(xie)(xie)勢(shi)燕尾(wei)出(chu)(chu)鋒(feng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)；⑥短波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“行(xing)(xing)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)右(you)上(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，寫成短燕尾(wei)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)；⑦細波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“書(shu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，尾(wei)細波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)；⑧直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)：“書(shu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)畫(hua)較(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尾(wei)部(bu)也較(jiao)圓(yuan)(yuan)。

三、豎法

豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)有藏、露、方(fang)、圓(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)別。懸(xuan)針豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“師(shi)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)長豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)(ni)起中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)下(xia)行出鋒(feng)(feng)。垂(chui)露豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“侍”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，“所”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，起筆(bi)(bi)有藏有露，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)下(xia)行漸按提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)空收(shou)。圓(yuan)腳豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“制”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)(ni)起中(zhong)行回鋒(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)。方(fang)腳豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“米”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)(ni)起中(zhong)行，至腳提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)橫切向(xiang)(xiang)上回鋒(feng)(feng)。斜(xie)腳豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“下(xia)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)下(xia)行至腳提(ti)筆(bi)(bi)斜(xie)下(xia)輕上回鋒(feng)(feng)。右(you)(you)孤(gu)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“即”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，逆(ni)(ni)起，中(zhong)鋒(feng)(feng)右(you)(you)曲(qu)(qu)行，回鋒(feng)(feng)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)，把“即”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寫成上合(he)下(xia)開之(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)。直豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：“行”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)右(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，是直行回鋒(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)(bi)。相背豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：寫在左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)畫，均(jun)不同(tong)程度地(di)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)，而且，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)較大，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)較小。如(ru)(ru)(ru)“月”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)向(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)彎(wan)平挑至腳回鋒(feng)(feng)，右(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)彎(wan)。細(xi)腰豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“和”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)下(xia)三豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)雖長短不同(tong)，但均(jun)中(zhong)腰細(xi)瘦。曲(qu)(qu)腳豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“罪”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)部(bu)兩豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)腳，均(jun)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)。撇腳豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“第”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，尾部(bu)撇筆(bi)(bi)出鋒(feng)(feng)。重(zhong)右(you)(you)孤(gu)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“郭”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)右(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，筆(bi)(bi)畫粗重(zhong)。輕直豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“令”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)輕而直。重(zhong)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)變(bian)異：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“修”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)豎(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)多，長短直曲(qu)(qu)，各(ge)有變(bian)化。

四、撇法

撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)畫(hua)是表現飛動開(kai)張之勢一畫(hua)。撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)尾有出(chu)(chu)鋒與(yu)回(hui)(hui)鋒，方腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)挑(tiao)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，從(cong)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)形上看有直(zhi)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)與(yu)曲(qu)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)與(yu)短撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)等(deng)。回(hui)(hui)鋒撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“文”字(zi)(zi)(zi)斜撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)畫(hua)尾部挑(tiao)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)回(hui)(hui)鋒。出(chu)(chu)鋒撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“吏”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的豎撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)畫(hua)，撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)尾部挑(tiao)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)出(chu)(chu)鋒。挑(tiao)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“為”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的長(chang)(chang)(chang)斜撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)，中(zhong)腰較瘦，起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)向(xiang)右橫(heng)頓，折筆(bi)(bi)(bi)向(xiang)左斜下行，到位翻(fan)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)上挑(tiao)出(chu)(chu)鋒。方腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“文”字(zi)(zi)(zi)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)向(xiang)左斜下孤行，至(zhi)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上切回(hui)(hui)鋒收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，使撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)呈方形。斜直(zhi)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“者(zhe)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)形較直(zhi)，起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)與(yu)收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)全是藏鋒。長(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)豐撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“米”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的長(chang)(chang)(chang)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)露(lu)鋒起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)漸按(an)再提筆(bi)(bi)(bi)出(chu)(chu)鋒。豎曲(qu)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“用”字(zi)(zi)(zi)左豎撇(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)(pie)，逆(ni)鋒起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)，中(zhong)鋒下行，轉筆(bi)(bi)(bi)左彎(wan)，回(hui)(hui)鋒收(shou)(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)。

五、捺法

捺畫(hua)是(shi)斜勢的波畫(hua)，筆勢比其(qi)他畫(hua)重，是(shi)很多(duo)字(zi)(zi)的主(zhu)筆，以不同斜度(du)、弧曲、輕重、方(fang)圓、藏露(lu)來表(biao)現。有“人(ren)”字(zi)(zi)的回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)捺，捺起(qi)筆中鋒(feng)(feng)右斜行漸按，至捺腳(jiao)側鋒(feng)(feng)上(shang)挑回(hui)鋒(feng)(feng)；“人(ren)”字(zi)(zi)、“歸”字(zi)(zi)的出鋒(feng)(feng)捺；“給”字(zi)(zi)、“道(dao)”字(zi)(zi)的挑角(jiao)捺；“長”字(zi)(zi)、“之”字(zi)(zi)方(fang)腳(jiao)捺。

六、鉤法

鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)法變化較多(duo)，有(you)方圓(yuan)、長短、重輕(qing)、彎(wan)(wan)平之別，有(you)的寫成隸書(shu)撇(pie)，捺波畫代(dai)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)，還有(you)魏碑的楷(kai)法。方鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“孔”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“前”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“氏”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，圓(yuan)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“河”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“能”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，長鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“辰”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“長”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，重鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“藝”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“他”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，輕(qing)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“司(si)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“府”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“爵”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，彎(wan)(wan)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“司(si)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“為(wei)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“孝”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，平鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“蜀”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“府”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，魏碑鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“祠”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“事”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，以隸書(shu)撇(pie)捺代(dai)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)“子”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“孔”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“元”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“戒”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“誠”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“已”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“乾”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，減鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)（即無鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)）有(you)“司(si)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、“為(wei)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

七、折法

折(zhe)法(fa)(fa)可歸納為方折(zhe)、圓折(zhe)、平肩(jian)(jian)折(zhe)、聳(song)肩(jian)(jian)折(zhe)、斷(duan)筆(bi)折(zhe)。方折(zhe)有“首”字(zi)；圓折(zhe)有“司”字(zi)；方圓折(zhe)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“空”字(zi)外(wai)圓內方的(de)(de)折(zhe)畫(hua)，平肩(jian)(jian)折(zhe)如(ru)(ru)(ru)“朔”字(zi)右(you)(you)邊“月”字(zi)的(de)(de)肩(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)平的(de)(de)，其寫(xie)(xie)(xie)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)橫端下回(hui)折(zhe)，即(ji)在橫下寫(xie)(xie)(xie)豎；聳(song)肩(jian)(jian)折(zhe)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“詔(zhao)”字(zi)右(you)(you)下方“口”字(zi)的(de)(de)肩(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)聳(song)起的(de)(de)，其寫(xie)(xie)(xie)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)橫至肩(jian)(jian)提筆(bi)向上(shang)再(zai)折(zhe)下；豎肩(jian)(jian)折(zhe)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)“者”下“日”字(zi)的(de)(de)肩(jian)(jian)，是(shi)(shi)橫后(hou)再(zai)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)直(zhi)豎，豎比橫高；斷(duan)肩(jian)(jian)折(zhe)：如(ru)(ru)(ru)“寅”字(zi)上(shang)下兩肩(jian)(jian)全斷(duan)，其寫(xie)(xie)(xie)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)橫不連豎。

八、提法

提(ti)筆被橫所代替，但寸(cun)點和右短撇都變(bian)成提(ti)筆，有提(ti)筆變(bian)橫，如“特”字、“孔”字；短撇變(bian)提(ti)，如“辰”字；點變(bian)提(ti)，如“等”字、“年”字。

結體

《乙瑛(ying)碑》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結體，寓風流于嚴謹之中，具有“冠裳(shang)佩玉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韻致和(he)俊(jun)逸(yi)(yi)瀟灑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意趣。避免(mian)了追求“宗(zong)廟之美(mei)(mei)”所可能帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板滯，肅(su)穆(mu)而(er)有清新(xin)活潑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣息。如“奉”字(zi)和(he)“奏”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)頭寬(kuan)大(da)，字(zi)底窄小，兩(liang)者形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比而(er)不失重心；兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)“府”字(zi)，趣味(wei)不同，各(ge)有變化，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)豎撇(pie)低垂，筆畫(hua)相連，形(xing)(xing)態(tai)緊湊，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)豎撇(pie)高抬(tai)，形(xing)(xing)斷意連，松而(er)不散；“須”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)偏(pian)旁(pang)位置(zhi)甚高，因(yin)右(you)(you)偏(pian)旁(pang)波畫(hua)寬(kuan)展(zhan)，兩(liang)點撐開，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了穩重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主體，所以高低錯落而(er)不失平衡；“試”字(zi)和(he)“乾”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)偏(pian)旁(pang)寫得特別(bie)大(da)卻(que)無喧(xuan)賓(bin)奪主之感，夸(kua)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)和(he)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)極富個(ge)(ge)性(xing)色(se)彩(cai)；“司”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫折(zhe)彎鉤，或伸(shen)展(zhan)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)端莊緊湊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三面(mian)包(bao)圍(wei)，或收縮(suo)構(gou)成(cheng)倚側開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)面(mian)包(bao)圍(wei)；“少”字(zi)似(si)人斜臥，展(zhan)示(shi)出(chu)倚側舒展(zhan)之美(mei)(mei)；“疊(die)(die)”字(zi)筆畫(hua)層疊(die)(die)，形(xing)(xing)態(tai)高聳，勢如山(shan)岳；“窮”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豎、撤下伸(shen)，兩(liang)“口”上抬(tai)；“成(cheng)”字(zi)扁壓而(er)右(you)(you)戈(ge)逸(yi)(yi)出(chu)。這(zhe)些字(zi)或是一(yi)(yi)腳著(zhu)地展(zhan)現出(chu)“金(jin)雞獨立”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)美(mei)(mei)，或是擴大(da)筆畫(hua)間偏(pian)旁(pang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反差，呈現出(chu)新(xin)穎獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)形(xing)(xing)式。

章法

《乙瑛(ying)碑》的章法有如(ru)下(xia)三個特點：

①縱(zong)有(you)行，橫成列，格局恢(hui)宏(hong)(hong)。《乙瑛(ying)碑》在(zai)排(pai)列上(shang)縱(zong)看成行，橫看成列，整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)章法次(ci)序(xu)井(jing)然，步伍整(zheng)(zheng)齊，自不待言。由于《乙瑛(ying)碑》結字(zi)上(shang)下和左右比較均(jun)衡，線條的粗細(xi)、輕重無(wu)較大起伏，外形方正，停頓有(you)度(du)，所以，整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)布局更加規范，呈現(xian)出宏(hong)(hong)碑巨制、高文典冊、氣(qi)格宏(hong)(hong)大、高古典雅的廟堂(tang)之氣(qi)，適合(he)置身(shen)于曲阜孔廟這(zhe)種莊重肅穆之所。

②橫(heng)向(xiang)取勢(shi)，字(zi)(zi)距(ju)大于(yu)行(xing)距(ju)，波涌之勢(shi)強烈(lie)。同其它成(cheng)熟(shu)期的(de)漢碑(bei)一樣，《乙瑛碑(bei)》結(jie)字(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)舒右(you)展(zhan)，橫(heng)向(xiang)取勢(shi)。凡(fan)(fan)是撇畫(hua)、鉤(gou)畫(hua)盡量左(zuo)(zuo)掠，凡(fan)(fan)是波畫(hua)、捺畫(hua)盡量向(xiang)右(you)肆展(zhan)，因此，碑(bei)中(zhong)的(de)絕大多數字(zi)(zi)屬于(yu)扁(bian)平(ping)結(jie)構，只有(you)少數字(zi)(zi)比較方正，從(cong)而整體(ti)布局(ju)形成(cheng)字(zi)(zi)距(ju)大于(yu)行(xing)距(ju)的(de)章法形式。書寫者越往后(hou)(hou)寫越心手雙(shuang)暢，因而，碑(bei)后(hou)(hou)半(ban)部(bu)分向(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)展(zhan)放之勢(shi)越加(jia)明顯，越加(jia)流暢，精彩紛呈。字(zi)(zi)距(ju)大于(yu)行(xing)距(ju)的(de)格局(ju)產(chan)生橫(heng)向(xiang)開張的(de)氣勢(shi)，在行(xing)列有(you)序之中(zhong)，字(zi)(zi)里行(xing)間更加(jia)流暢自然，氣格更加(jia)恢(hui)宏。

③呼(hu)應連貫，左(zuo)盼右顧，縱(zong)橫涌(yong)動。《乙瑛碑(bei)》雖然結體(ti)(ti)端莊，章法上縱(zong)成行，橫有(you)(you)列(lie)，但其筆畫富有(you)(you)變(bian)化，整體(ti)(ti)布(bu)局毫不(bu)呆板。縱(zong)看，字與(yu)字之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)是(shi)孤孤零(ling)零(ling)，而是(shi)筆斷意連，上下呼(hu)應連貫，銜接(jie)和諧。由于(yu)字的(de)形態大小(xiao)不(bu)一，間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)有(you)(you)大有(you)(you)小(xiao)，其字距并(bing)(bing)不(bu)是(shi)均衡劃一，空間(jian)(jian)分割或疏或密，顯得敞朗透氣。還由于(yu)每個(ge)字重心取向上的(de)上下左(zuo)右移位，所以，一行行的(de)中軸(zhou)線左(zuo)右擺動，搖(yao)曳生姿。從橫向看去，行與(yu)行之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)靠得很緊密，有(you)(you)的(de)幾乎(hu)搭(da)肩接(jie)踵，整體(ti)(ti)觀(guan)望，像一排(pai)排(pai)涌(yong)動的(de)洪濤巨浪向前推進。

總(zong)而言之，《乙瑛碑》在(zai)其(qi)莊重靜肅的主調之下，又是(shi)流動的、活脫的。

作品評價

明(ming)代(dai)金石學家趙崡：此(ci)碑永興元(yuan)年(nian)造。元(yuan)常(chang)，獻帝初始為黃門侍郎(lang)，距永興且四十(shi)年(nian)，此(ci)非元(yuan)常(chang)書明(ming)甚。未知張稚圭所(suo)按何圖。其(qi)敘事簡古(gu)，隸法遒(qiu)勁(jing)，令人(ren)想(xiang)見(jian)漢人(ren)風采，政（正）不(bu)必附(fu)會元(yuan)常(chang)也。（《石墨鐫華·卷一(yi)·漢魯相置孔廟卒史(shi)碑》）

明末清初金石書法家郭宗昌：碑(bei)即(ji)今公移，復(fu)爾雅(ya)簡(jian)質可讀(du)，書益高古超逸。（《金石史·卷上(shang)·漢魯相乙瑛置(zhi)孔廟卒史碑(bei)》）

明末清初(chu)收藏家孫(sun)承澤：孔(kong)廟《卒史碑》，文(wen)既(ji)爾雅簡質，書復(fu)高古超逸(yi)，漢(han)石(shi)中之(zhi)最不(bu)易(yi)得者。都(dou)玄敬(jing)謂此碑殘闕，予所收本則完(wan)善，當在都(dou)所見(jian)本以(yi)前。后云“后漢(han)鐘太尉書”，則后人附會之(zhi)耳。（《庚(geng)子銷夏記·卷五·魯相乙瑛請置百石(shi)卒史孔(kong)龢(he)碑》）

清代書法家萬經(jing)：字特雄偉(wei)，如(ru)冠(guan)裳(shang)佩(pei)玉，令人起敬(jing)；近人鄭(zheng)簠每喜臨之。（《分隸偶存(cun)·卷上·漢(han)魏碑考·漢(han)置孔(kong)廟(miao)卒史(shi)孔(kong)龢碑》）

清代書法家王(wang)澍(shu)：①《乙瑛》雄古(gu)，《韓敕》變化，《史晨》嚴謹(jin)，皆漢隸(li)極則。（《虛舟題跋·原卷一·漢魯(lu)相(xiang)為孔(kong)廟(miao)置百石(shi)卒史碑(bei)》）②吾以《孔(kong)和》《韓敕》《史晨》三(san)(san)碑(bei)舉似學者(zhe)，以為遒古(gu)莫(mo)如(ru)《孔(kong)和》，清超莫(mo)如(ru)《韓敕》，肅括莫(mo)如(ru)《史晨》，三(san)(san)碑(bei)足概漢隸(li)。（《虛舟題跋·原卷二·漢魯(lu)相(xiang)韓敕孔(kong)廟(miao)碑(bei)》）

清代書法(fa)家(jia)翁(weng)方綱：是碑(bei)骨肉勻(yun)適(shi)而情文(wen)流暢，漢(han)隸之(zhi)最可師(shi)法(fa)者(zhe)，不必其定出鐘傅也(ye)。（《兩漢(han)金石記·卷(juan)六(liu)·孔廟置守(shou)廟百石卒史碑(bei)》）

清代佛教居士彭(peng)紹升：此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)孔(kong)廟中最為雄(xiong)(xiong)杰(jie)，然風神故自駘宕。至魏(wei)代諸(zhu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)，雄(xiong)(xiong)杰(jie)有余，而(er)駘宕不(bu)足。譬之《車鄰》《駟(si)鐵》，伯(bo)者之風；視雅(ya)、頌之音(yin)，亦已(yi)遠矣。此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)或(huo)標鐘太尉書。無論(lun)時分相縣(xian)（懸），即以(yi)氣體論(lun)，與《受(shou)禪》《勸進》諸(zhu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)，豈有相似(si)處耶？（《雪堂所藏(zang)金石文字(zi)薄錄·漢·孔(kong)廟置(zhi)百(bai)石卒史(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)（潘秋(qiu)谷藏(zang)本）》）

清代書法家何紹基：橫翔捷出，開后來雋利一門，然肅(su)穆(mu)之氣(qi)自(zi)在。（《雪(xue)堂所藏(zang)金石(shi)文字(zi)薄錄·漢·孔廟置百(bai)石(shi)卒史(shi)碑(bei)（潘秋(qiu)谷藏(zang)本）》）

清代書(shu)法家方(fang)朔：《乙瑛》立于永(yong)興元年，在三碑(bei)（《乙瑛碑(bei)》《禮器碑(bei)》《史(shi)晨碑(bei)》）為最(zui)先，而字之(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)正沉厚，亦(yi)足以稱宗廟(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)美、百官之(zhi)(zhi)富。王(wang)蒻林（王(wang)澍）太史(shi)謂為雄古(gu)，翁覃溪（翁方(fang)綱）閣學謂為骨肉勻適(shi)，情文流暢，漢隸之(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)可師法者，不虛(xu)也。（《枕經堂(tang)金石跋(ba)·卷二(er)·舊拓漢魯相請置(zhi)孔廟(miao)百石卒史(shi)碑(bei)跋(ba)》）

近代(dai)書法藝術家楊守敬：或(huo)稱《孔(kong)和》，或(huo)稱《乙瑛(ying)》，皆即(ji)此碑(bei)。有宋張稚圭按圖(tu)題記，指為鐘太尉書。《隸釋》謂鐘繇卒于魏(wei)太和四年，去永興七十八年，圖(tu)經之誤，不(bu)待辨矣。然(ran)是碑(bei)隸法實佳，翁覃溪（翁方綱）云：“骨肉勻適(shi)，情文流暢。”誠(cheng)非溢美。但其(qi)波磔已(yi)開唐人庸熟(shu)一路。史(shi)惟則(ze)、梁(liang)升卿諸人，未必不(bu)從此出。或(huo)以比《禮器》，則(ze)過譽矣。（《激素飛(fei)清閣評碑(bei)記·卷一·漢(han)·孔(kong)廟置百石(shi)卒史(shi)碑(bei)》）

近代(dai)書法(fa)家康有(you)為：①于是《衡方》《乙(yi)瑛(ying)》《華山(shan)(shan)》《石經》《曹(cao)全(quan)》等(deng)碑，體(ti)扁已(yi)極，波磔分背(bei)，隸體(ti)成矣。（《廣藝舟(zhou)(zhou)雙(shuang)(shuang)楫(ji)(ji)·卷(juan)二(er)·體(ti)變第四》）②《王(wang)稚子闕》《嵩高銘》《封龍山(shan)(shan)》《乙(yi)瑛(ying)》等(deng)碑已(yi)有(you)挑法(fa)。（《廣藝舟(zhou)(zhou)雙(shuang)(shuang)楫(ji)(ji)·卷(juan)二(er)·分變第五》）③虛和則有(you)《乙(yi)瑛(ying)》《史晨(chen)》。（《廣藝舟(zhou)(zhou)雙(shuang)(shuang)楫(ji)(ji)·卷(juan)二(er)·本漢第七》）

中國(guo)(guo)書法(fa)家協(xie)會顧(gu)問鐘明(ming)善：左規右矩，法(fa)度森(sen)嚴，立漢(han)(han)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)風(feng)范(fan)的(de)。這類碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻在漢(han)(han)隸(li)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻中為(wei)最多。其代(dai)表作有《熹平石經》《禮器碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《曹全碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《乙瑛碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《史晨碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《華(hua)山碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《孔(kong)宙碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《朝侯小子殘(can)石》《韓仁銘(ming)》《楊叔恭殘(can)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《白(bai)石神(shen)君碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》《劉熊碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》等(deng)。歷來(lai)人們(men)認為(wei)這類碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻是(shi)漢(han)(han)隸(li)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻的(de)典范(fan)。這一派(pai)在當(dang)時是(shi)開(kai)風(feng)習、樹“八分”法(fa)則(ze)的(de)革(ge)新派(pai)，后世(shi)則(ze)視之(zhi)為(wei)漢(han)(han)隸(li)中之(zhi)“館閣”。（《中國(guo)(guo)書法(fa)簡(jian)史》）

其他信息

歷史傳承

流傳情況

《乙瑛(ying)碑》刊刻(ke)后收存(cun)在山東曲阜孔廟同(tong)文(wen)門下，1978年移入孔廟東廡(wu)，1998年移存(cun)漢魏碑刻(ke)陳列館(guan)。2020年10月30日，上(shang)海圖(tu)書館(guan)所藏的《乙瑛(ying)碑》明末清初拓本（有(you)周大烈題(ti)簽(qian)）被文(wen)化和旅游(you)部(bu)公(gong)布為第六批國家(jia)珍貴古籍（編號(hao)：12888）。

著錄情況

著作 著錄名稱

名稱 作者

集古錄(lu)跋尾 歐(ou)陽(yang)修(xiu) 后漢魯(lu)相(xiang)置孔子廟卒史碑(bei)

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金石(shi)錄 趙明誠 漢孔子廟置卒(zu)史碑

隸釋 洪適 孔廟置守(shou)廟百石孔龢碑

寶刻叢編 陳思 漢吳雄孔子廟置(zhi)卒史(shi)碑

金薤(xie)琳瑯 都穆 漢魯(lu)相置孔子廟卒史碑

金(jin)石古文 楊(yang)慎 漢魯(lu)相(xiang)置孔子(zi)廟卒史碑

蒼潤軒元牘(du)記(ji) 盛時泰(tai) 漢孔廟置卒史碑(bei)

石墨鐫華 趙崡 漢魯(lu)相置孔子廟(miao)卒史碑

金石(shi)史 郭(guo)宗昌 漢魯(lu)相乙瑛置孔(kong)子(zi)廟卒史碑

庚(geng)子銷(xiao)夏記 孫承(cheng)澤 魯(lu)相乙瑛請置百石卒史孔龢碑

金石(shi)文字記 顧炎武(wu) 魯相乙瑛置孔子(zi)廟百石(shi)卒(zu)史碑

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金(jin)石(shi)錄補續跋(ba)；金(jin)石(shi)小箋 葉奕苞 漢置孔(kong)子廟卒史碑

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金石經眼(yan)錄 褚峻 孔子(zi)百石卒史碑

分隸偶存 萬經(jing) 漢置孔廟卒史孔龢碑

隸辨(bian) 顧藹吉 孔龢碑

觀妙齋金石文考略 李光暎 魯相請(qing)置孔廟卒史碑

虛舟題跋(ba) 王(wang)澍 漢魯相為孔廟置(zhi)百(bai)石卒史碑

金石(shi)存 吳玉搢(jin) 漢魯相置孔廟卒史碑

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金石圖說 牛運震(zhen) 置(zhi)孔廟(miao)百石卒史碑

孟(meng)亭居士文稿 馮浩 孔(kong)廟置守廟百(bai)石孔(kong)龢碑

金石萃編 王昶 孔廟置守廟百石卒史碑

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南澗文集 李文藻 魯相乙瑛置孔子廟百石卒史碑

山左(zuo)金石(shi)志(zhi) 畢沅等 孔廟置百石(shi)卒史碑

兩漢金石記 翁方綱 孔廟置守廟百石卒史碑

札樸 桂(gui)馥(fu) 孔龢碑(bei)；乙瑛碑(bei)

授堂金(jin)石文字跋 武億(yi) 漢魯相乙瑛(ying)置(zhi)孔子(zi)廟(miao)百石卒史碑

授堂(tang)金石(shi)文字續跋 武(wu)億 孔廟置(zhi)守廟百(bai)石(shi)卒(zu)史碑(bei)

紅(hong)藕齋漢碑匯鈔集跋 孟慶(qing)云(yun) 魯(lu)相(xiang)置孔廟卒史碑

話雨樓碑帖(tie)目錄 王鯤 孔(kong)廟置守廟百石卒史碑

竹崦庵金石目錄 趙魏(wei) 魯相(xiang)乙瑛(ying)置孔(kong)子廟(miao)百石卒史碑

古墨齋金(jin)石跋 趙紹祖(zu) 漢(han)魯相乙瑛請置孔子廟卒史碑(bei)

汪(wang)本隸釋刊誤 黃丕(pi)烈(lie) 孔廟置守廟百石孔和碑

平津讀(du)碑記 洪頤(yi)煊(xuan) 孔廟置守廟百(bai)石卒史碑

佛金山館秦漢碑跋 牟房 魯相乙瑛置孔廟百石卒(zu)史碑

漢碑(bei)錄文 馮邦玉(yu) 孔廟(miao)置百石卒史碑(bei)

書畫所(suo)見錄 謝堃 孔子廟卒史碑

宜祿堂收藏金石記 朱士(shi)端 漢魯相置孔廟卒史碑

枕經堂金石(shi)題(ti)跋 方朔 漢魯(lu)相請置百石(shi)卒史碑(bei)

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