《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)》,又(you)稱《鄭(zheng)(zheng)羲碑(bei)(bei)》,分為上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下兩碑(bei)(bei),故又(you)稱《鄭(zheng)(zheng)羲上(shang)(shang)(shang)下碑(bei)(bei)》,上(shang)(shang)(shang)碑(bei)(bei)全稱《魏(wei)故中(zhong)書令(ling)秘書監鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)之(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)》,下碑(bei)(bei)全稱《魏(wei)故中(zhong)書令(ling)秘書監使持督兗州諸軍事安東(dong)(dong)(dong)將軍兗州刺史南陽文公(gong)鄭(zheng)(zheng)君之(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)》,傳為北魏(wei)書法家鄭(zheng)(zheng)道昭于永平(ping)四年(nian)(511年(nian))撰刻的摩崖刻石、楷書書法作品。現上(shang)(shang)(shang)碑(bei)(bei)在(zai)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省平(ping)度(du)縣天柱(zhu)山,下碑(bei)(bei)在(zai)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省掖縣云峰山之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)寒洞山。
《鄭(zheng)文公碑》上(shang)碑二十(shi)行(xing),行(xing)五十(shi)字,下(xia)碑五十(shi)一(yi)行(xing),行(xing)二十(shi)九字。兩(liang)碑文同,只數處字句(ju)稍(shao)異。下(xia)碑有碑額(e),正書“滎陽鄭(zheng)文公之碑”,二行(xing)七字。兩(liang)碑文皆是記述鄭(zheng)道(dao)昭父親鄭(zheng)羲(xi)的生平事(shi)跡,文多諛詞(ci)且有失(shi)實。
《鄭文公碑》書法飄逸,字態蘊藉風雅,結體(ti)寬博宕逸,氣(qi)勢雄(xiong)渾開張,其筆(bi)力矯健,結構新奇(qi),氣(qi)勢磅礴,雄(xiong)偉(wei)多姿。它(ta)既有篆隸之勢,復具分隸之雅,更饒草書之情理,萃眾長(chang)于一碑,堪稱佳構。
釋文:
魏故中書令(ling)秘書監鄭文公(gong)之(zhi)碑(bei)。
公(gong)諱羲,字幼麐,司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)滎陽開封人(ren)(ren)也。肇洪源(yuan)于(yu)有(you)周(zhou),胙母弟以命氏。桓(huan)以親賢(xian)司(si)徒,武以善職(zhi)并歌。《緇衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,誦乎奕世(shi)。逮鄭君當時(shi)(shi),播節讓(rang)以振高風(feng);大(da)夫司(si)農,創(chuang)解詁以開經(jing)義(yi)。揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)淵謀,以“十策(ce)”匡時(shi)(shi);豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)司(si)空,以勛德著稱(cheng)。高祖(zu)(zu)略(lve),恢亮儒(ru)素,味(wei)道(dao)(dao)居(ju)真。趙石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興,徵給事黃門(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang),遷侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)、尚書,贈(zeng)揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。曾祖(zu)(zu)豁(huo),以明(ming)哲(zhe)佐世(shi),后燕(yan)中(zhong)山尹、太(tai)(tai)(tai)常卿(qing)、濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)貞公(gong)。祖(zu)(zu)溫,道(dao)(dao)協(xie)儲端,燕(yan)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子瞻(zhan)事。父(fu)曄,仁(ren)結義(yi)徒,績著寧邊。拜建威(wei)將(jiang)(jiang)軍、汝陰(yin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守,綿榮(rong)修載(zai),聯光千世(shi)。公(gong)稟三靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純氣,應五百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒期(qi)。乘和(he)載(zai)誕,文(wen)明(ming)冠(guan)世(shi)。篤信樂道(dao)(dao),據德依仁(ren)。孝弟端雅,寡言愍行。六(liu)(liu)籍孔精(jing),百(bai)氏備究。陰(yin)陽律(lv)歷,尤(you)所留心。常慕平仲、子產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)也,蘊(yun)斯(si)文(wen)于(yu)衡泌,延(yan)德聲(sheng)乎州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)閭。舉秀才(cai),答策(ce)高第,擢補中(zhong)書博士(shi)。任(ren)清(qing)(qing)務簡,遂乘閑述作,注諸經(jing)論,撰《話林(lin)》及諸文(wen)賦詔策(ce),辭清(qing)(qing)雅博。遷中(zhong)書侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang),假員外(wai)散騎常侍(shi)(shi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)使(shi)宋(song)(song)國,宋(song)(song)主客郎(lang)(lang)(lang)孔道(dao)(dao)均(jun)(jun)就邸設會(hui),酒行樂作,均(jun)(jun)謂公(gong)曰(yue):“樂其(qi)何如?”公(gong)答曰(yue):“哀楚有(you)馀而雅正(zheng)不(bu)足,其(qi)細已(yi)甚,而能久乎?”均(jun)(jun)嘿然而罷,移年(nian)而蕭氏滅宋(song)(song)。雖延(yan)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀昔詩,鄭公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽宋(song)(song)樂,其(qi)若神明(ming)矣。朝廷以公(gong)使(shi)協(xie)皇華,原隰(xi)斯(si)光,遷給事中(zhong)、中(zhong)書令。總司(si)文(wen)史(shi),敷奏惟(wei)允,國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)令,是(shi)所議定。公(gong)長子懿,邕容和(he)令,器望(wang)兼資。早(zao)綜銓衡,能聲(sheng)徽著。敦詩悅(yue)禮,尤(you)精(jing)易理。季子道(dao)(dao)昭,博學經(jing)書,才(cai)冠(guan)秘穎(ying)。研注圖史(shi),文(wen)侍(shi)(shi)紫幄。每在朝堂,公(gong)行于(yu)前,吏(li)部、秘書隨其(qi)后,凡(fan)厥庶寮,莫不(bu)欽其(qi)人(ren)(ren)也。于(yu)時(shi)(shi)有(you)識,比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三陳。后年(nian)不(bu)盈紀,懿:給事黃門(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)常卿(qing)、使(shi)持(chi)節平東(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍、齊州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi);道(dao)(dao)昭:中(zhong)書侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)、國子祭(ji)酒、通(tong)直散騎常侍(shi)(shi)、秘書監(jian)、司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大(da)中(zhong)正(zheng)、使(shi)持(chi)節平東(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍、光州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。父(fu)官子寵(chong),才(cai)德相(xiang)承,海內敬其(qi)榮(rong)也。太(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)初,除公(gong)使(shi)持(chi)節安東(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍、兗州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)陽公(gong)。德政寬明(ming),化先仁(ren)惠。不(bu)嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,穆如清(qing)(qing)風(feng)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)中(zhong),徵秘書監(jian)。春秋(qiu)年(nian)六(liu)(liu)十有(you)七(qi),寢疾薨乎位。凡(fan)百(bai)君子莫不(bu)悲國秀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永沉,哀道(dao)(dao)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長沒。皇上(shang)震(zhen)悼,痛百(bai)常往。遣使(shi),策(ce)贈(zeng)有(you)加,謚曰(yue)“文(wen)”,祭(ji)以大(da)牢。葬乎滎陽石門(men)(men)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)十三里三皇山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽。于(yu)是(shi)故吏(li)主簿、東(dong)郡(jun)程天(tian)賜(si)等(deng)六(liu)(liu)十人(ren)(ren),仰道(dao)(dao)墳(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬邈,悲鴻休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未刊,乃相(xiang)與欽述景行,銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄石,以揚(yang)非(fei)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,而作頌曰(yue):
爰鑒(jian)往紀,稽覽(lan)前(qian)徽,有賢有圣,靡弗應時。繇實契姒,旦亦(yi)協姬,於穆鄭公,誕(dan)應期。伊(yi)昔桓武,并美司徒;恭維我君,世監秘書。三墳克闡,五(wu)典允敷,文為辭首,學實宗儒。德(de)秀時哲,望高(gao)世族。灼(zhuo)灼(zhuo)獨明,亭亭孤。式胄(zhou)三雍(yong),鄒(zou)風再燭。作(zuo)岳河兗(yan),澤移草木。慶靈長(chang)發,繼葉(xie)傳光(guang)。君既挺發,胤亦(yi)含章。文義襲(xi)軌,朱紱相望。刊石銘德(de),與日(ri)永揚。
魏永(yong)平(ping)四年,歲在辛卯刊。
釋文:
魏故(gu)中書令秘書監使持(chi)節督(du)兗州(zhou)諸軍事(shi)安(an)東將(jiang)軍兗州(zhou)刺史南陽文公(gong)鄭(zheng)君(jun)之碑草。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)諱羲(xi),字幼麟,司(si)(si)(si)州熒(ying)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)開(kai)封(feng)人(ren)也。肇洪源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)周,胙母弟(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)命氏(shi)(shi)。桓以(yi)(yi)(yi)親賢司(si)(si)(si)徒,武(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)善職,并歌緇衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,誦乎奕世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),降逮于(yu)(yu)漢,鄭(zheng)君(jun)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),播節(jie)讓以(yi)(yi)(yi)振高(gao)(gao)風。大(da)夫司(si)(si)(si)農,創解詁以(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)經(jing)義,跡刊圖史(shi)、美(mei)(mei)灼(zhuo)二書(shu)。德(de)(de)(de)音(yin)云翻,碩響長(chang)(chang)烈。揚州以(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)策匡(kuang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)豫州以(yi)(yi)(yi)勛德(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)稱(cheng)。高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)略,恢(hui)亮儒素,味道居真(zhen),州府招辟莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能致。值有(you)(you)晉(jin)弗(fu)竟,君(jun)道陵夷,聰曜虔劉(liu),避(bi)地冀方。隱括求(qiu)全,靜(jing)居自逸。屬石氏(shi)(shi)勃興,撥亂起(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)。徵(zhi)給(gei)事(shi),黃(huang)門(men)侍郎(lang),遷侍中(zhong)(zhong)尚書(shu),贈揚州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。曾祖(zu)(zu)豁,以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)哲佐世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。后(hou)燕(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)尹,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)(chang)卿(qing),濟(ji)南貞公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。祖(zu)(zu)溫,道協儲端(duan),燕(yan)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)瞻(zhan)事(shi)。父(fu)曄按魏(wei)書(shu)本傳當(dang)為煜,仁結義徒,績著(zhu)寜邊(bian),拜建威將(jiang)軍(jun),汝(ru)陰(yin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)守。綿(mian)榮千載,聯(lian)光(guang)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。自非積(ji)德(de)(de)(de)累(lei)仁,慶屆無窮,其(qi)熟能傳輝踵美(mei)(mei),致如(ru)(ru)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠哉?可謂身(shen)沒而(er)(er)名不(bu)朽者也。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稟(bing)三(san)靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淑(shu)氣(qi),應五百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒期,乘和(he)(he)載誕,文明(ming)冠(guan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。篤(du)信樂(le)(le)道,據德(de)(de)(de)依(yi)仁。孝弟(di)(di)端(duan)雅,慎(shen)言愍行。六籍孔精(jing),百(bai)氏(shi)(shi)備究(jiu)。八素索九(jiu)丘(qiu),靡(mi)不(bu)昭達。至乎人(ren)倫禮式,陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)律(lv)歷,尤所留(liu)心。然高(gao)(gao)直(zhi)沉默,恥為傾側之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行;不(bu)與俗和(he)(he),絕于(yu)(yu)趣向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。常(chang)(chang)(chang)慕晏平(ping)仲(zhong)、東(dong)里子(zi)(zi)產(chan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為人(ren),自以(yi)(yi)(yi)為博(bo)物不(bu)如(ru)(ru)也。蘊斯(si)文于(yu)(yu)衡泌(mi),延德(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)乎州閭。和(he)(he)平(ping)中(zhong)(zhong),舉秀(xiu)(xiu)才,答策高(gao)(gao)弟(di)(di),擢補中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)博(bo)士(shi),彌以(yi)(yi)(yi)方正(zheng)(zheng)自居,雖(sui)(sui)才望稱(cheng)官(guan),而(er)(er)乃(nai)歷載不(bu)遷,任清(qing)務(wu)簡,遂(sui)乘閑述作,注諸經(jing)論。撰《話林》數卷碑(bei)文作古寫,莫(mo)不(bu)玄(xuan)契圣理(li),超異(yi)恒懦(nuo)。又(you)(you)作《孔顏(yan)誄》、《靈巖頌》及諸賦詠詔策,辭清(qing)雅博(bo),皆(jie)行於世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。以(yi)(yi)(yi)才望見陟,遷中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)侍郎(lang),又(you)(you)假員外(wai)散騎(qi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)侍。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)武(wu)子(zi)(zi)南使(shi)宋(song)(song)國(guo),宋(song)(song)主客(ke)郎(lang)孔道均就邸(di)設會,酒(jiu)行樂(le)(le)作,均謂公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰:“樂(le)(le)其(qi)何如(ru)(ru)?”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答曰:“哀楚有(you)(you)馀(yu),而(er)(er)雅正(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)足,其(qi)細(xi)已甚矣(yi)(yi),而(er)(er)能久于(yu)(yu)!”均嘿然而(er)(er)罷。移年(nian)而(er)(er)蕭氏(shi)(shi)滅宋(song)(song)。雖(sui)(sui)延陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀昔詩,鄭(zheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽宋(song)(song)樂(le)(le),其(qi)若神明(ming)矣(yi)(yi)。朝廷以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)協皇(huang)(huang)華,原斯(si)光(guang),遷給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)令(ling),總司(si)(si)(si)文史(shi),敷(fu)奏(zou)惟允,國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)令(ling),是所議(yi)定(ding)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)(chang)子(zi)(zi)懿、邕雍容(rong)和(he)(he)令(ling),器望兼資(zi)。早綜銓衡,能聲(sheng)徽著(zhu)。敦(dun)詩悅禮,尤精(jing)易理(li)。季(ji)子(zi)(zi)道昭,博(bo)學明(ming),才冠(guan)秘穎。研圖注篆,超侍紫(zi)幄。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行于(yu)(yu)前,吏部秘書(shu)隨(sui)其(qi)后(hou),凡(fan)厥(jue)庶寮,莫(mo)不(bu)欽其(qi)人(ren)也。于(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)識(shi)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)陳。后(hou)年(nian)不(bu)盈紀,懿給(gei)事(shi)黃(huang)門(men)侍郎(lang),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)(chang)卿(qing),使(shi)持(chi)節(jie)督(du)齊(qi)州諸軍(jun)事(shi),平(ping)東(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun),齊(qi)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。道昭,秘書(shu)丞,中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)侍郎(lang),司(si)(si)(si)徒諮議(yi)通直(zhi)散騎(qi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)侍國(guo)子(zi)(zi)祭酒(jiu),秘書(shu)監,司(si)(si)(si)州大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng),使(shi)持(chi)節(jie)督(du)光(guang)州諸軍(jun)事(shi)平(ping)東(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun),光(guang)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。父(fu)官(guan)子(zi)(zi)寵,才德(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)承,海(hai)內(nei)敬其(qi)榮也。先時(shi)(shi)(shi)假公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)(chang)卿(qing),熒(ying)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)侯(hou),詣長(chang)(chang)安拜燕(yan)宣王廟(miao)。還(huan),解太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)(chang),其(qi)給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)令(ling),侯(hou)如(ru)(ru)故(gu)。縱容(rong)鳳闈,動(dong)斯(si)可則。冠(guan)婚喪祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,書(shu)疏報問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制矣(yi)(yi),民行矣(yi)(yi),雖(sui)(sui)位未槐鼎而(er)(er)仁重有(you)(you)馀(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)初除使(shi)持(chi)節(jie)安東(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun)督(du)兗(yan)州諸軍(jun)事(shi)兗(yan)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)南陽(yang)(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)寬(kuan)明(ming)化(hua)先仁惠(hui)嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)穆如(ru)(ru)清(qing)風桑有(you)(you)敬讓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)朝市(shi)無鞭戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑即(ji)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei),不(bu)專於魯矣(yi)(yi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong),徵(zhi)秘書(shu)監。春秋六十(shi)有(you)(you)七,寢(qin)疾于(yu)(yu)位。凡(fan)百(bai)君(jun)子(zi)(zi),莫(mo)不(bu)悲國(guo)秀(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永(yong)沉,哀道宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)沒。皇(huang)(huang)上振悼,痛百(bai)常(chang)(chang)(chang)往,遣使(shi),策贈有(you)(you)加(jia),謚(shi)曰文,祭以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)牢,以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)十(shi)七年(nian)四月廿四日,歸(gui)葬乎熒(ying)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)石門(men)東(dong)南十(shi)三(san)里三(san)皇(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。于(yu)(yu)是故(gu)吏主簿東(dong)郡吏程天賜等六十(shi)人(ren),仰(yang)道墳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬邈,悲鴻烋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未刊,乃(nai)相(xiang)(xiang)與欽述景行,銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)石,以(yi)(yi)(yi)揚非世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)。而(er)(er)作頌曰:
爰鑒(jian)往紀,稽覽(lan)前徽。有賢有圣(sheng),靡弗應時。繇實契姒,旦亦協(xie)姬。于穆鄭公,誕睿(rui)應期。伊(yi)昔桓武,并(bing)美司(si)徒。恭惟我君,世(shi)監秘(mi)書(shu)。三墳剋(ke)闡,五典允敷。文(wen)為辭首,學實宗(zong)儒。德秀時哲,望(wang)高世(shi)族。灼灼獨明,亭(ting)亭(ting)孤邈。式胄三雍,鄒(zou)風再燭。作(zuo)岳(yue)河兗,澤移草木(mu)慶靈長發,繼(ji)葉傳光。君既挺發,胤亦含章。文(wen)義襲軌,朱紱相望(wang)刊石(shi)銘(ming)德,與日永揚。
永平(ping)四(si)年,歲(sui)在辛卯刊(kan),上碑在直南卌里天柱山之陽,此(ci)下碑也,以石好故于此(ci)刊(kan)之。
《鄭(zheng)文公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》上、下兩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)均刻(ke)于北(bei)魏宣武(wu)帝永平四年(511年)。此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文上并無(wu)書(shu)寫者姓名(ming),清代學者包世臣(chen)根(gen)據云峰山其他鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭所(suo)(suo)書(shu)的刻(ke)石字跡(ji),如《論經詩(shi)書(shu)》署名(ming)“司州滎陽(yang)鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭作”,藝(yi)術(shu)特征(zheng)與《鄭(zheng)文公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》極為(wei)相似,故(gu)判(pan)斷此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭所(suo)(suo)書(shu)。后世研究者基本認(ren)同此(ci)論,但也(ye)有人認(ren)為(wei)此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文是鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭所(suo)(suo)作,而書(shu)跡(ji)則(ze)不能肯定。
鄭(zheng)道昭曾上(shang)表(biao)孝(xiao)文(wen)帝(di),求仿漢魏二石經(jing)之例(li)、刻經(jing)立石于太(tai)學(xue)以正風氣,又兩番上(shang)言崇儒敦學(xue)。《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》當(dang)為鄭(zheng)道昭記錄歌頌(song)其先(xian)考鄭(zheng)羲之功(gong)德之作(zuo),是他外放為官時所作(zuo)。
鄭道昭(?—516年),字(zi)僖伯,河南(nan)滎陽(yang)(今鄭州滎陽(yang))人(ren),北朝(chao)魏(wei)詩(shi)人(ren)、書(shu)法家,魏(wei)碑體的(de)鼻祖(zu),被(bei)譽為“北方書(shu)圣”,在當時與王羲(xi)之齊(qi)名,有(you)“北鄭南(nan)王”之稱。作(zuo)品有(you)《鄭文公(gong)碑》《論經書(shu)詩(shi)》《觀海童(tong)詩(shi)》等。
《鄭文(wen)公碑》即是以(yi)(yi)篆(zhuan)隸筆(bi)法(fa)(fa)寫楷書,而多取(qu)于篆(zhuan),具體(ti)到筆(bi)法(fa)(fa),其有以(yi)(yi)下幾(ji)個明(ming)顯特點:
筆(bi)勢外化的(de)“圓(yuan)形”特征
筆(bi)勢(shi)的(de)(de)“圓”反映到(dao)具體的(de)(de)點(dian)畫(hua)上(shang),就是點(dian)畫(hua)所蘊含(han)的(de)(de)曲勢(shi),古人謂之為(wei)“向(xiang)(xiang)、背”,在(zai)《鄭文(wen)公(gong)下碑(bei)》中(zhong),這種向(xiang)(xiang)背的(de)(de)曲勢(shi)明顯多(duo)于其他諸如《龍門》等(deng)方直的(de)(de)刻石。用筆(bi)的(de)(de)曲勢(shi)使點(dian)畫(hua)有外撐的(de)(de)張力感(gan),古人則常用“屈鐵”來比喻(yu)這一感(gan)受,借此比較(jiao)容易感(gan)受到(dao)《鄭文(wen)公(gong)碑(bei)》點(dian)畫(hua)中(zhong)“筆(bi)力”的(de)(de)存在(zai)。
筆斷(duan)意連的(de)虛實(shi)變化
《鄭文公碑》的(de)(de)點畫(hua)筆(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)獨立,筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)搭接(jie)處多空斷,但整(zheng)宇(yu)卻(que)筆(bi)(bi)勢(shi)舒緩,從容中見緊密,體現出(chu)寬博(bo)方正而又疏宕蕭散(san)的(de)(de)高(gao)古(gu)氣度。實(shi)與鐘繇(zhou)正書一脈(mo)相承。
用筆沉澀堅實的金石氣
清人書評始有“金石氣(qi)”之謂,其(qi)審美特征(zheng)不外蒼茫、渾厚(hou)、拙樸幾(ji)個(ge)方面。這(zhe)種新(xin)感(gan)受是伴隨著(zhu)“尊(zun)碑”以及工具(ju)材料(liao)的新(xin)選擇而形(xing)成的。但拓片中殘(can)破、斑駁、蒼茫等直覺感(gan)受是最(zui)重要的啟(qi)發因(yin)素(su)。《鄭文公碑》體(ti)現了摩崖刻石恢弘(hong)、雄強(qiang)的氣(qi)度,金石氣(qi)貫穿始終,用筆沉澀堅實是詮釋(shi)這(zhe)一感(gan)受的最(zui)根本手段。同時意味(wei)著(zhu)摒棄(qi)輕巧、浮滑、甜熟、軟塌等弊端。但沉澀堅實絕非死板(ban)僵硬,一些習碑者屢遭(zao)詬病的原因(yin)多半屬此。
《鄭文公碑》結體(ti)寬博整飭,氣魄雄(xiong)偉,骨肉勻適,通(tong)篇(pian)透露著(zhu)“蕩蕩乎君子(zi)、穆穆乎仁人”的(de)大儒風(feng)范。單(dan)字或以(yi)側得妍,或以(yi)正取勢(shi),合篆勢(shi)、分韻(yun)、草情于(yu)一體(ti),集端穩、剛(gang)勁、姿媚于(yu)一身,于(yu)端莊雄(xiong)強中(zhong)復(fu)含秀麗(li)疏朗,穩健渾(hun)厚中(zhong)蘊(yun)蓄奇肆(si)飛揚,渾(hun)渾(hun)千余言,筆(bi)筆(bi)舒(shu)暢,字字安適,行行流動。筆(bi)畫的(de)走向在字體(ti)的(de)形態轉(zhuan)側翻舞中(zhong)輕柔(rou)舒(shu)展,姿態多變又(you)順手拈來,“若星辰麗(li)天,皆有奇致”。
《鄭(zheng)文公碑(bei)》有隸勢(shi),雖方正寬(kuan)博,但非一般意(yi)義上的橫平豎直,而(er)是或(huo)俯、或(huo)仰、或(huo)欹、或(huo)正。變(bian)化(hua)無窮中,循著一定的法(fa)度(du),將每個字(zi)(zi)安排(pai)的穩健敦實。并力(li)求在橫豎等主體筆畫(hua)的基礎上,通過(guo)斷筆、省減、提縱等技巧,于(yu)雄強、寬(kuan)博、敦實中恰到好處(chu)地展露(lu)出字(zi)(zi)勢(shi)的飛動和空間(jian)布白(bai)的疏密穿插(cha),體現(xian)出把握對立統(tong)一關系的高超(chao)能力(li),可(ke)謂結(jie)字(zi)(zi)方面平中寓奇的典范。
《鄭文(wen)公(gong)碑(bei)》雖(sui)然稱碑(bei),其實是摩崖(ya)。山中巨石(shi)(shi)經(jing)過(guo)簡單的整(zheng)理,便進行書(shu)寫(xie)和刻(ke)制(zhi),無法像廟堂碑(bei)刻(ke)一(yi)樣容許作(zuo)(zuo)者精雕細琢而纖毫畢現。這就從(cong)一(yi)定程度上解(jie)除了(le)對書(shu)者的束縛,進而促成(cheng)了(le)書(shu)者成(cheng)竹在胸(xiong),懸腕(wan)面壁(bi)如對幾案(an)的創作(zuo)(zuo)豪氣,最終全碑(bei)洋洋千(qian)余(yu)言(yan),被作(zuo)(zuo)者隨(sui)大小,長(chang)短、遠近信手掂出(chu),字(zi)(zi)字(zi)(zi)見(jian)神(shen)采,通篇(pian)平正中見(jian)奇(qi)崛,從(cong)容中見(jian)跌宕,神(shen)完而氣足。至(zhi)于布白千(qian)余(yu)字(zi)(zi)于摩崖(ya)之上,能隨(sui)石(shi)(shi)面形勢(shi)隨(sui)機應(ying)變,安排周詳妥(tuo)貼,與山林互為一(yi)體(ti)。此亦可大有益于今人書(shu)法展覽形式之思考與探索。
《鄭(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)》雍容古厚(hou),博大逸宕。通篇章(zhang)法(fa)氣象更具有恢(hui)宏斑斕(lan)、蒼雄(xiong)古樸、圓(yuan)融爛(lan)漫(man)之(zhi)質,看似隨意刻寫平(ping)淡無奇(qi),但“不(bu)求異而人自(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)能同之(zhi),不(bu)求工而世自(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)能過之(zhi)”,天趣自(zi)(zi)(zi)在,隨意生發,人力、天工各臻神妙。全(quan)碑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)間字(zi)距基本均整而無一處呆(dai)板,康有為形容如依山而筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿房宮,雖延綿數里,樓閣亭臺條理起伏而一絲不(bu)亂。在全(quan)碑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空白排置(zhi)上,四周(zhou)與(yu)碑(bei)(bei)緣保持了一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離,形成一種(zhong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)內擫之(zhi)感,與(yu)結(jie)(jie)字(zi)、筆法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外拓之(zhi)勢(shi)相沖和,為整碑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“質實厚(hou)重,宕逸神雋(jun)”奠定(ding)了平(ping)穩(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基調。同時(shi),章(zhang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)宏、斑斕(lan)、蒼古同樣也離不(bu)開(kai)書刻時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)筆致之(zhi)功,鑿鐫造(zao)成字(zi)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破損(sun)或點(dian)畫(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛糙、自(zi)(zi)(zi)然分化形成斑爛(lan)剝(bo)濁的(de)(de)(de)(de)紋理,蘊雅勁美的(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)形,寬博宕逸的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)體造(zao)就了《鄭(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)》雄(xiong)渾開(kai)張、蒼茫凄迷的(de)(de)(de)(de)章(zhang)法(fa)氣勢(shi)。
清代學(xue)者包世(shi)臣:北(bei)魏書《經石峪》大字、《云峰山五言》《鄭文公碑》《刁遵墓志(zhi)》為(wei)一種,皆出《乙瑛》,有云鶴(he)海鷗之(zhi)態(tai)。
清代金石學(xue)家歐陽輔:筆(bi)勢(shi)縱橫而無喬野獰惡之習(xi),下碑(bei)尤瘦(shou)健絕(jue)倫。
清代金石學家葉昌熾:鄭道昭《云(yun)峰山上下碑》及《論經詩》諸刻,上承分篆,化(hua)北方之喬野,如蓽(bi)路(lu)藍縷進于(yu)文明(ming)。
清代詩(shi)人龔自珍:二王只合為(wei)奴仆(pu),何(he)況唐(tang)碑八(ba)百通?欲與此銘(ming)(《瘞鶴銘(ming)》)分浩(hao)逸,北朝(chao)差許(xu)鄭(zheng)文(wen)公。
清(qing)代(dai)文學家康有為(wei)(wei):為(wei)(wei)魏(wei)碑(bei)圓筆(bi)之極軌。
清(qing)代金石(shi)文字學家楊守敬:云峰(feng)鄭道(dao)昭諸(zhu)碑,遒勁(jing)奇佛,與南朝(chao)《瘞鶴(he)銘》異曲同工(gong)。
滄州師范(fan)學院(yuan)美術系主任(ren)王(wang)玉池:從(cong)拓(tuo)本看,此(ci)碑用(yong)筆(bi)確很渾(hun)圓(yuan),但(dan)看原石(shi),實方筆(bi)居多。給人以圓(yuan)筆(bi)感覺(jue)是因為(wei)它屬摩(mo)崖,石(shi)面不平,又(you)字(zi)口多有蝕所致。
近代(dai)書法家沈尹(yin)默:通(tong)觀全(quan)碑,但覺氣(qi)象淵穆雍容,骨(gu)勢(shi)開張洞達,若逐字察之,則寬和而(er)謹束,平實而(er)峻肆,樸茂(mao)而(er)疏宕,沉雄而(er)清麗(li),極正書之能事。
現(xian)代書(shu)法家鐘致帥(shuai):云(yun)峰魏(wei)碑(bei),承漢隸之余韻,啟唐楷之先聲。不失為一代名作,無愧(kui)于千古(gu)佳品。
《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)》最(zui)大(da)的魅力在于集篆、隸、草之長于一體,用筆(bi)(bi)多圓筆(bi)(bi)篆法(fa),結(jie)體趨于橫扁,左右開張,筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)則轉多折少,筆(bi)(bi)斷意(yi)連,可謂“極(ji)正(zheng)書之能事”,因(yin)而清代碑(bei)學興起后被推為魏碑(bei)之冠(guan)冕。《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)》同《瘞鶴銘》一起被作為北碑(bei)和(he)南碑(bei)的代表,臨習(xi)之人(ren)最(zui)多,影(ying)響(xiang)也最(zui)大(da)。
書(shu)法(fa)在由隸變(bian)楷過程中(zhong),鄭道(dao)昭堪稱(cheng)一方重鎮,被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“北(bei)朝書(shu)圣”。正像顏真卿、黃庭堅等(deng)人(ren)曾(ceng)經受《瘞鶴銘》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響一樣,《鄭文(wen)(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》也起了同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。清代(dai)葉昌熾《語石》云:“唐(tang)初歐虞(yu)褚薛諸家(jia),皆在籠(long)罩之(zhi)內。”《鄭文(wen)(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》對碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)學理論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富以(yi)及中(zhong)國書(shu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審美產(chan)生(sheng)了較為(wei)(wei)(wei)重大影(ying)響。尤(you)其是康有為(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)崇碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)家(jia),不但進行(xing)(xing)身(shen)體力行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)寫實(shi)踐,并且(qie)(qie)對《鄭文(wen)(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格(ge)特點(dian)、技法(fa)演變(bian)等(deng)方面進行(xing)(xing)了系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結,對后世影(ying)響巨大。而且(qie)(qie),《鄭文(wen)(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)魏時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)名篇(pian),在風(feng)格(ge)特點(dian)、技法(fa)手段等(deng)方面都表現出了很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平,以(yi)至于(yu)日本(ben)人(ren)直指(zhi)《鄭文(wen)(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)朝王羲之(zhi),康有為(wei)(wei)(wei)亦(yi)稱(cheng)此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“圓筆之(zhi)極(ji)軌”。同時(shi)從得(de)益于(yu)此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)家(jia)來看,該刻(ke)石營(ying)養豐富,是探究書(shu)寫規律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)參考。
《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》并無(wu)署名(ming),宋代(dai)趙明誠《金(jin)石錄》曾予著錄,后(hou)(hou)久無(wu)人知。至(zhi)清代(dai)中期(qi),在青州境內先后(hou)(hou)發現鄭(zheng)(zheng)道昭題詩題名(ming)凡三(san)十余種(zhong),結字大小不一,雄強茂(mao)密(mi),包世臣(chen)《藝舟雙楫》斷《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》為同出鄭(zheng)(zheng)道昭書,后(hou)(hou)才開始受到世人關注。《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》因是摩(mo)崖刻石,椎拓都很(hen)困難,尤其是上(shang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)比較而(er)言(yan),拓摹下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)還要(yao)容易一些,所以在清乾(qian)隆(long)時期(qi),下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)就(jiu)已(yi)經流傳(chuan)很(hen)廣了。現北京故宮博(bo)物院藏有明拓本(上(shang)、下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)合裝),北京圖書館藏有清乾(qian)隆(long)嘉靖(jing)間拓本。清代(dai)《潛研堂金(jin)石文(wen)跋尾》《山(shan)左金(jin)石志》《平津館讀碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記》《八瓊室(shi)金(jin)石補正(zheng)》等(deng)書中均有著錄。