唐(tang)于(yu)志寧撰文,唐(tang)歐(ou)陽詢書(shu)(shu)(shu)。此(ci)(ci)碑(bei)在(zai)陜(shan)西西安(an),無書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫年(nian)(nian)月。楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)28行,行59字。碑(bei)額篆書(shu)(shu)(shu)“隋柱國弘義(yi)明(ming)公(gong)皇(huang)甫府君碑(bei)”十(shi)二字。《墨林快事》謂此(ci)(ci)碑(bei)立于(yu)隋朝,當為歐(ou)陽詢(557年(nian)(nian)~641年(nian)(nian))早年(nian)(nian)所書(shu)(shu)(shu),另有(you)一說《皇(huang)甫誕碑(bei)》刻立于(yu)唐(tang)貞觀年(nian)(nian)間(公(gong)元627年(nian)(nian)~650年(nian)(nian))。此(ci)(ci)碑(bei)在(zai)明(ming)代已斷為兩截(jie)。
隨柱(zhu)國左光祿大夫(fu)弘義明公皇甫府君之碑。
銀青光祿大夫行太子左庶(shu)子上(shang)柱國黎(li)陽縣(xian)開國公于志寧制(zhi)。
夫素秋肅煞,勁草標於(wu)疾風;叔世艱虞(yu),忠(zhong)臣彰於(wu)赴難。銜須授命,結纓殉國,英聲煥(huan)乎記牒,徽烈著於(wu)旂常,豈若釁起蕭墻,禍(huo)生蕃(fan)翰(han),強逾(yu)七(qi)國,勢重三監,其有蹈水(shui)火而不辭,臨鋒刃而莫(mo)顧(gu),激清風於(wu)後葉(xie),抗名節於(wu)當時者,見(jian)之(zhi)弘義(yi)明公(gong)矣。
君諱誕(dan),字玄憲,安(an)定朝那人也。昔(xi)立效長丘(qiu),樹績東郡,太尉裂壤於(wu)槐里,司徒胙(zuo)土於(wu)耏門,是(shi)以車服旌(jing)其器能,茅社(she)表其勛(xun)德,銘功衛鼎,騰美晉鍾(zhong),盛族冠於(wu)國高,華(hua)宗邁(mai)於(wu)欒卻,備(bei)在史(shi)(shi)牒(die),可略言焉。曾祖重(zhong)華(hua),使持節、龍(long)驤將(jiang)軍、梁州剌史(shi)(shi)。潤木暉山(shan),方重(zhong)價於(wu)趙璧(bi);媚(mei)川照(zhao)闕,曜(yao)奇采於(wu)隨(sui)珠。祖和,雍州贊治,贈(zeng)使持節、散騎(qi)常(chang)侍、車騎(qi)大將(jiang)軍、儀(yi)同(tong)三司、膠(jiao)、涇二州刺史(shi)(shi)。高衢(qu)將(jiang)騁,遽夭追(zhui)風之足;扶搖始摶(tuan),早墜垂天之羽。父璠(fan),使持節、驃(piao)騎(qi)大將(jiang)軍、開府儀(yi)同(tong)三司、隨(sui)州刺史(shi)(shi)、長樂恭侯。橫劍(jian)梐枑,威(wei)重(zhong)冠軍;析瑞蕃條,聲高渤海。
公量(liang)包(bao)申伯,稟嵩(song)山之(zhi)秀(xiu)氣;材兼蕭相,降昴緯(wei)之(zhi)淑精。據德依仁,居貞體道(dao)。含章表質,詎待變於(wu)朱藍;恭孝(xiao)為基,寧(ning)取訓於(wu)橋梓。鋒剸犀象,百(bai)練挺於(wu)昆吾(wu);翼掩鴛鴻(hong),九萬奮於(wu)溟海。博韜胥產,文瞻卿云,孝(xiao)窮溫(wen)凊之(zhi)方(fang)(fang),忠盡匡救之(zhi)道(dao)。同何充之(zhi)器(qi)局,被重晉君;類荀(xun)攸之(zhi)宏圖,見(jian)知魏(wei)主。斯故包(bao)羅眾(zhong)藝,囊括群(qun)英者也。起家除周(zhou)畢(bi)王(wang)府長(chang)史(shi),策名蕃牧(mu),則(ze)位重首(shou)寮;袨服睢陽(yang),則(ze)譽光上(shang)客。既而(er)蒼精委馭,炎(yan)運啟(qi)圖,作(zuo)(zuo)貳邊服,實資令望,授廣州長(chang)史(shi)。悅近來遠,變輕(qing)訬於(wu)雕題(ti);伐叛(pan)懷柔,漸淳(chun)化(hua)於(wu)緩耳。蜀王(wang)地(di)(di)處維城,寄(ji)深磐石,建旟玉壘(lei),作(zuo)(zuo)鎮銅梁,妙擇奇(qi)才,以為僚佐,授公益州總管府司法(fa)。昔梁孝(xiao)開國,首(shou)辟鄒(zou)陽(yang),燕昭建邦,肇徵郭隗。故得(de)馳令問於(wu)碣館,播(bo)芳(fang)猷於(wu)平臺,以古方(fang)(fang)今,彼(bi)此一也。尋除尚書比部侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang),轉刑部侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)。趍(chi)步紫庭,光映(ying)朝(chao)列;折旋丹(dan)地(di)(di),譽重周(zhou)行。俄遷治書侍(shi)(shi)御史(shi)。彈違糾慝,時絕(jue)權豪;霜簡直繩,俗寢貪競(jing)。
隨文(wen)帝求衣待旦,志(zhi)在恤刑,咒網泣辜,情存緩獄(yu)。授(shou)大(da)理(li)少卿。公巨細必察(cha),同張季之(zhi)(zhi)聽理(li);寬猛(meng)相濟(ji),比于(yu)公之(zhi)(zhi)無冤。但禮闈務(wu)殷,樞轄寄重,允(yun)膺此職,實難(nan)其人。授(shou)尚書右丞(cheng),洞明政(zheng)術,深曉治方,臧否自(zi)分(fen),條目咸(xian)理(li)。丁母憂去職。哀慟里閭(lv),鄰人為之(zhi)(zhi)罷社;悲(bei)感衢(qu)路,行(xing)客(ke)以之(zhi)(zhi)輟歌。孝(xiao)德則師范彝倫,精(jing)誠則貫徹幽顯(xian),雖(sui)高(gao)曾之(zhi)(zhi)至性,何以加焉。尋(xun)詔奪情,復(fu)其舊任。于(yu)時山(shan)東之(zhi)(zhi)地,俗升民澆,雖(sui)預編民,未(wei)行(xing)聲(sheng)教。詔公持(chi)節(jie)為河(he)(he)北河(he)(he)南道安(an)撫(fu)大(da)使,仍賜米五百石、絹五百匹。公輶軒布政(zheng),美冠皇華之(zhi)(zhi)篇;擁節(jie)觀風(feng),榮甚繡衣之(zhi)(zhi)使。事訖(qi)反命,授(shou)尚書左丞(cheng)。然(ran)并(bing)州地處參墟(xu),城臨晉(jin)水,作固同於(wu)西(xi)蜀,設險類於(wu)東秦(原文(wen)是“泰”,注1),實山(shan)河(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)要沖,信(xin)蕃服之(zhi)(zhi)襟帶。授(shou)公并(bing)州總(zong)管府司馬,加儀同三司。公贊務(wu)大(da)邦,聲(sheng)名藉甚,精(jing)民感化(hua),黠(xia)吏畏(wei)威。
屬文(wen)帝劍璽(xi)空留,鑾(luan)蹕莫反,楊諒率太原(yuan)之(zhi)甲,擁河朔(shuo)之(zhi)兵。方(fang)叔(shu)段(duan)之(zhi)作亂京城,同州(zhou)吁之(zhi)挻禍(huo)濮上,雖無當璧之(zhi)地,乃(nai)懷奪宗之(zhi)心。公備說安危,具(ju)陳逆順,翻納魏勃之(zhi)策,反被王悍之(zhi)災。仁(ren)壽四年九月(yue),溘從(cong)運往(wang),春(chun)秋五十有一。萬機起殲良之(zhi)嘆,百辟興喪(sang)予(yu)之(zhi)悲,切(qie)孔氏之(zhi)山頹(tui),痛楊君(jun)之(zhi)棟折。贈柱國、左光祿大夫,封(feng)弘(hong)義郡公,食邑五千戶,謚(shi)曰明公,禮也。喪(sang)事所(suo)須,隨(sui)由資給,賜(si)帛五千段(duan),粟三千石。
惟(wei)公(gong)溫潤成性,夙(su)表白虹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍;黼(fu)黻為(wei)文,幼挺雕(diao)龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)。行已窮於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)六本,蘊德包於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四科,延閣曲(qu)臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)書,鴻(hong)都石渠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)說,莫不尋其(qi)枝葉,踐其(qi)隩隅。譬越箭(jian)達犀,飾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)括(kuo)羽;楚(chu)金(jin)切玉,加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)磨(mo)礲。救(jiu)乏(fa)同於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)指(zhi)囷,親識待其(qi)舉火,進賢方於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)推轂,知(zhi)已俟以(yi)彈冠。存信舍原,黃(huang)金(jin)賤於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)然(ran)諾;忘身殉難,性命輕(qing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鴻(hong)毛。齊大小於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沖襟,混寵辱於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)靈府,可謂楷模雅俗,冠冕時(shi)雄(xiong)者也。方當亮采(cai)泰(tai)階(jie),參綜機務,豈謂世(shi)(shi)逢(feng)多故,運屬道消,未展經邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀(mou),奄鍾非命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酷。世(shi)(shi)子民部尚書上柱國滑(hua)國公(gong)無逸(yi)以(yi)為(wei),邢山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,莫識祭(ji)仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墳;平陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,誰知(zhi)子孟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓。乃雕(diao)戈勒石,騰實飛聲,樹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康衢,永表芳烈。庶葛(ge)亮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隴,鍾生(sheng)禁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)樵蘇;賈逵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑,魏君(jun)嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)不朽。乃為(wei)銘曰(yue):
殷后華宗,名(ming)卿胄(zhou)系。人(ren)物代德,衣冠重世。逢時(shi)翼主,膺期佐帝。運策經綸,執(zhi)鈞匡濟。門承積慶,世挺偉人(ren)。夜光愧(kui)寶,朝(chao)采慚珍。云中比陸,日下方荀。抑揚元(yuan)輔,參贊機鈞。玉(yu)葉東封(feng)(feng),貳圖(tu)北啟(qi)。伏奏(zou)青蒲,曳裾朱邸(di)。名(ming)馳碣石,聲高建(jian)禮。珥筆憲臺,握蘭文陛。分(fen)星裂士,建(jian)侯開國。輔藉正人(ren),相資(zi)懿德。中臺輟務,晉(jin)陽就職。望重府朝(chao),譽聞(wen)宸極。亂階蔓草,災生剪(jian)桐。成師(shi)構難,太叔興戎。建(jian)德效節,夷吾(wu)盡忠(zhong)。命屯(tun)道著,身歿名(ming)隆。牛亭始卜,馬獦初封(feng)(feng)。翠碑刻(ke)鳳(feng),丹旆(pei)圖(tu)龍(long)。煙橫古(gu)樹,云鎖喬松。敬銘盛(sheng)德,永(yong)播笙(sheng)鏞。
歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)(557一(yi)641年(nian)),唐代,漢(han)族(zu),潭州(zhou)臨湘(今(jin)長沙(sha))人(ren),字信本,楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)四大(da)(da)家(jia)(歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)、顏真卿、柳(liu)公(gong)權、趙孟頫)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。公(gong)元557年(nian)出生于衡州(zhou)(今(jin)衡陽(yang)),祖籍潭州(zhou)臨湘(今(jin)湖南(nan)長沙(sha)),歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)祖父歐(ou)陽(yang)頒(498~563年(nian))曾為南(nan)梁(liang)直閣(ge)將軍,父歐(ou)陽(yang)紇曾任(ren)南(nan)陳(chen)(chen)廣州(zhou)刺史和(he)左衛將軍等職。因(yin)舉兵(bing)反陳(chen)(chen)失敗被殺(sha),并株連家(jia)族(zu)。歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)因(yin)年(nian)幼幸免(mian)于難(nan),被父親好友收養。歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)聰敏(min)勤學(xue),涉獵(lie)經史,博(bo)聞強記。隋朝時,歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)曾官至太(tai)常博(bo)士(shi)(shi)。因(yin)與李淵交好,在大(da)(da)唐盛世累遷銀(yin)青光(guang)祿大(da)(da)夫、給事中、太(tai)子(zi)率更令、弘文館學(xue)士(shi)(shi),封渤海(hai)縣男,也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)“歐(ou)陽(yang)率更”。與同代另三(san)位(虞(yu)世南(nan)、褚遂良、薛稷(ji)),并稱(cheng)(cheng)初(chu)唐四大(da)(da)家(jia)。因(yin)其(qi)子(zi)歐(ou)陽(yang)通亦通善書(shu)(shu)(shu)法,故其(qi)又稱(cheng)(cheng)“大(da)(da)歐(ou)”。歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(xun)楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴謹,筆力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險(xian)峻,世無所匹(pi),被稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為唐人(ren)楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)第(di)一(yi)。他(ta)與虞(yu)世南(nan)俱(ju)以書(shu)(shu)(shu)法馳(chi)名初(chu)唐,并稱(cheng)(cheng)“歐(ou)虞(yu)”,后人(ren)以其(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)于平正中見險(xian)絕,最便(bian)初(chu)學(xue),號為“歐(ou)體”,他(ta)的字有多人(ren)評論。
注一:原碑文(wen)是“作(zuo)固同於(wu)西蜀,設(she)險類於(wu)東(dong)泰”,啟功(gong)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)泰的說法(fa)不(bu)通(tong),應(ying)為(wei)(wei)“東(dong)秦”,東(dong)秦指(zhi)的是齊國。這個問題尚需學術界進行最終確定。
歐陽詢(xun)—皇(huang)甫誕碑全稱(cheng)《隋(sui)柱國(guo)左光(guang)祿大夫弘義明公皇(huang)甫府君(jun)之(zhi)碑》,亦稱(cheng)《皇(huang)甫君(jun)碑》。
《皇(huang)(huang)甫誕碑(bei)》用筆緊密內(nei)斂,剛勁不(bu)撓。點(dian)畫重在提筆刻(ke)入,此(ci)為唐(tang)初(chu)未(wei)(wei)脫魏碑(bei)及隋碑(bei)的瘦勁書風所特(te)(te)有的筆法特(te)(te)點(dian)。楊士奇(qi)云(yun):“詢書骨(gu)氣勁峭,法度嚴(yan)整(zheng),論者(zhe)謂虞(yu)(世南)得晉之飄(piao)遺,歐(陽(yang)(yang)詢)得晉之嚴(yan)整(zheng)。觀《皇(huang)(huang)甫誕碑(bei)》其振發動蕩,豈(qi)非逸(yi)哉?非所謂不(bu)逾(yu)矩者(zhe)乎?”翁方(fang)綱說:“是碑(bei)由隸成楷,因險(xian)絕而恰得方(fang)正,乃率更行筆最見神采,未(wei)(wei)遽藏鋒,是學唐(tang)楷第一必由之路也。”此(ci)碑(bei)用筆研潤,雖(sui)為歐陽(yang)(yang)詢早(zao)年作品,但已具(ju)備(bei)了“歐體”嚴(yan)整(zheng)、險(xian)絕的基(ji)本(ben)特(te)(te)點(dian)。明王世貞云(yun):“率更書皇(huang)(huang)甫府君碑(bei),比之諸(zhu)貼尤為險(xian)勁。是伊(yi)家蘭臺(tai)(歐陽(yang)(yang)通)發源(yuan)。”楊賓(bin)在《大瓢偶(ou)筆》中說:“信本(ben)碑(bei)版方(fang)嚴(yan)莫過于(yu)《邕(yong)禪師》,秀勁莫過于(yu)《醴泉銘(ming)》,險(xian)峭莫過于(yu)《皇(huang)(huang)甫誕碑(bei)》,而險(xian)絕尤為難,此(ci)《皇(huang)(huang)甫碑(bei)》所以貴也。”
《皇甫(fu)誕碑》,于志(zhi)寧(ning)制,歐陽詢書(shu),唐刻,宋拓,裝(zhuang)裱成冊,共32頁(ye)(ye),每(mei)頁(ye)(ye)縱30.2cm,橫(heng)16.4cm。
有張祖翼、朱翼盦等(deng)題簽,鈐有“翼盦鑒之”、“盧江劉健之鑒藏石墨”等(deng)印(yin)4方。為(wei)“參綜(zong)機務”之“務”字未(wei)損本。
此碑文(wen)28行,行59字(zi)。篆額陽文(wen)12字(zi)。碑文(wen)內(nei)無年(nian)(nian)月,據前人考之,為高祖武德時立,又(you)謂貞觀初(chu)立,宋(song)時尚在咸寧鳴犢鎮。碑陰有宋(song)皇祐(you)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1051年(nian)(nian))刻“復唯(wei)識廨院記”。碑側原刻花紋,宋(song)時右側已刻題名。以后移(yi)至西安府學文(wen)廟。明(ming)萬歷十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(1588年(nian)(nian))余君房督學作亭覆之,至二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)亭圮,此碑中斷(duan),損數十(shi)字(zi)。現(xian)藏西安碑林博物(wu)館。
此碑(bei)書法(fa)用(yong)筆、結體及字形具有(you)北(bei)齊風格,骨氣勁峭,法(fa)度嚴整。明王世貞說:“率更書《皇甫君碑(bei)》,比之諸碑(bei)尤為(wei)險(xian)勁。是伊家蘭臺發源,然蘭臺《道因碑(bei)》,筆筆帶批(隸法(fa)),得之家學也。”
宋(song)趙明誠《金石錄(lu)》,清孫承澤(ze)《庚子銷夏記》、朱楓《雍州金石記》等書(shu)著錄(lu)。