唐(tang)于志寧撰(zhuan)文,唐(tang)歐(ou)陽詢(xun)書(shu)(shu)。此(ci)碑在陜西西安,無書(shu)(shu)寫(xie)年(nian)(nian)月。楷書(shu)(shu)28行(xing),行(xing)59字(zi)(zi)。碑額篆書(shu)(shu)“隋柱國弘義明(ming)公皇甫府君碑”十二字(zi)(zi)。《墨(mo)林快事(shi)》謂此(ci)碑立于隋朝,當為(wei)歐(ou)陽詢(xun)(557年(nian)(nian)~641年(nian)(nian))早年(nian)(nian)所(suo)書(shu)(shu),另有一(yi)說《皇甫誕碑》刻立于唐(tang)貞觀年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(公元627年(nian)(nian)~650年(nian)(nian))。此(ci)碑在明(ming)代已斷(duan)為(wei)兩截。
隨(sui)柱國(guo)左(zuo)光祿大(da)夫弘義(yi)明公皇甫府君之碑。
銀青光祿大夫行太子左庶子上柱國黎陽縣開(kai)國公(gong)于志(zhi)寧(ning)制。
夫素秋肅煞,勁草(cao)標於(wu)疾風;叔(shu)世艱(jian)虞,忠臣(chen)彰於(wu)赴難。銜須授(shou)命,結(jie)纓殉國,英聲(sheng)煥乎記牒,徽烈著於(wu)旂常,豈若(ruo)釁起蕭墻,禍生蕃翰(han),強(qiang)逾七國,勢(shi)重三監,其有蹈水火而不辭,臨鋒刃而莫顧,激清風於(wu)後葉(xie),抗名節於(wu)當時者,見之弘義明公矣。
君諱誕,字(zi)玄憲,安定(ding)朝那人(ren)也。昔立(li)效(xiao)長(chang)丘,樹績東郡(jun),太尉裂壤於(wu)(wu)槐里,司(si)徒胙土(tu)於(wu)(wu)耏門(men),是以車服旌其器能,茅社(she)表其勛德(de),銘功衛鼎,騰美(mei)晉鍾,盛族冠於(wu)(wu)國高(gao)(gao)(gao),華(hua)(hua)宗邁於(wu)(wu)欒卻(que),備在史(shi)牒,可略言焉。曾祖(zu)重華(hua)(hua),使持節(jie)、龍(long)驤將(jiang)軍(jun)、梁州(zhou)剌史(shi)。潤木暉山,方(fang)重價於(wu)(wu)趙璧;媚川照闕,曜奇(qi)采於(wu)(wu)隨(sui)珠。祖(zu)和(he),雍州(zhou)贊治,贈(zeng)使持節(jie)、散(san)騎常侍、車騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)、儀(yi)同(tong)(tong)三司(si)、膠(jiao)、涇(jing)二州(zhou)刺史(shi)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)衢將(jiang)騁(cheng),遽夭追風之足;扶搖始(shi)摶,早墜垂天(tian)之羽。父璠,使持節(jie)、驃騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)、開府儀(yi)同(tong)(tong)三司(si)、隨(sui)州(zhou)刺史(shi)、長(chang)樂恭侯(hou)。橫劍(jian)梐(bi)枑,威重冠軍(jun);析瑞(rui)蕃條,聲高(gao)(gao)(gao)渤(bo)海(hai)。
公量包申伯,稟嵩山之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu)氣;材(cai)兼(jian)蕭(xiao)相,降昴緯之(zhi)(zhi)淑精(jing)。據德依仁,居貞體道(dao)。含章表質,詎待(dai)變(bian)於朱藍;恭孝為(wei)(wei)基,寧(ning)取訓(xun)於橋(qiao)梓。鋒剸(tuan)犀(xi)象,百練挺於昆吾;翼掩鴛鴻,九萬奮於溟海。博韜胥(xu)產,文(wen)瞻(zhan)卿云,孝窮溫凊之(zhi)(zhi)方(fang),忠盡匡(kuang)救之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。同何充之(zhi)(zhi)器局,被重晉君(jun);類荀攸之(zhi)(zhi)宏圖,見(jian)知魏主(zhu)。斯故(gu)包羅眾藝,囊括群英者也。起(qi)家除周畢王(wang)府長(chang)史,策名蕃牧(mu),則(ze)位重首寮(liao);袨服(fu)睢陽,則(ze)譽(yu)光上客。既而蒼精(jing)委馭,炎(yan)運啟圖,作貳邊服(fu),實資令望(wang),授廣州長(chang)史。悅(yue)近來遠,變(bian)輕訬於雕題;伐叛懷柔(rou),漸淳化於緩耳。蜀王(wang)地處維城(cheng),寄深磐石(shi),建(jian)旟(yu)玉壘(lei),作鎮銅梁,妙擇奇才,以(yi)為(wei)(wei)僚佐,授公益(yi)州總管府司法。昔梁孝開國(guo),首辟鄒陽,燕昭(zhao)建(jian)邦,肇徵(zhi)郭隗。故(gu)得馳令問於碣(jie)館,播芳猷於平臺,以(yi)古方(fang)今,彼此一也。尋除尚書比部(bu)侍(shi)郎,轉刑(xing)部(bu)侍(shi)郎。趍步紫庭,光映朝列;折旋(xuan)丹地,譽(yu)重周行(xing)。俄遷治書侍(shi)御(yu)史。彈違糾慝,時絕權豪;霜簡直繩,俗寢貪競。
隨文帝(di)求衣待旦,志在(zai)恤刑,咒網泣辜(gu),情(qing)存(cun)緩獄。授(shou)大理(li)少卿。公巨細必(bi)察,同張季之聽理(li);寬猛相濟,比于公之無冤(yuan)。但禮闈務(wu)殷(yin),樞轄寄重(zhong),允膺此職,實難其人。授(shou)尚書右丞(cheng),洞明政(zheng)術,深曉治方,臧(zang)否自分(fen),條(tiao)目咸理(li)。丁(ding)母憂去職。哀慟里閭(lv),鄰人為(wei)之罷社(she);悲感衢(qu)路,行客以之輟歌(ge)。孝德則師范彝倫,精誠(cheng)則貫徹(che)幽顯,雖(sui)(sui)高曾(ceng)之至性,何以加焉。尋詔奪(duo)情(qing),復其舊任。于時(shi)山東之地,俗(su)升(sheng)民(min)澆,雖(sui)(sui)預編民(min),未(wei)行聲教。詔公持(chi)節為(wei)河北河南道安撫大使,仍賜(si)米五百石、絹(juan)五百匹。公輶軒布政(zheng),美冠皇華之篇;擁(yong)節觀風,榮(rong)甚(shen)繡衣之使。事訖反命(ming),授(shou)尚書左丞(cheng)。然并州地處參墟(xu),城臨晉水(shui),作(zuo)固同於(wu)西蜀,設險類於(wu)東秦(原文是“泰(tai)”,注1),實山河之要沖,信蕃(fan)服之襟帶。授(shou)公并州總管府(fu)司馬,加儀同三(san)司。公贊(zan)務(wu)大邦,聲名藉甚(shen),精民(min)感化,黠(xia)吏(li)畏(wei)威。
屬文帝(di)劍(jian)璽空留(liu),鑾蹕莫反,楊諒率太原之(zhi)(zhi)甲,擁河朔之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)。方(fang)叔段(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)作亂京(jing)城,同州吁(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)挻(shan)禍(huo)濮上,雖無(wu)當(dang)璧之(zhi)(zhi)地,乃懷奪宗之(zhi)(zhi)心。公(gong)備說(shuo)安(an)危,具陳逆順,翻納魏勃之(zhi)(zhi)策,反被王悍之(zhi)(zhi)災。仁壽四年九月,溘從運往,春秋五(wu)(wu)十有一。萬機起殲(jian)良之(zhi)(zhi)嘆(tan),百辟興喪予(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)悲,切孔(kong)氏之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)頹,痛(tong)楊君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)棟折。贈柱國、左光祿大夫(fu),封弘(hong)義(yi)郡(jun)公(gong),食邑(yi)五(wu)(wu)千戶,謚曰明公(gong),禮也。喪事所須,隨(sui)由(you)資給,賜帛(bo)五(wu)(wu)千段(duan),粟三千石。
惟公溫潤(run)成(cheng)性,夙表白虹(hong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍;黼黻為文(wen),幼挺雕(diao)龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采。行已窮於(wu)(wu)(wu)六本(ben),蘊德(de)包(bao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)四科,延閣曲臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇書,鴻都(dou)石(shi)渠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)說,莫(mo)不尋其枝葉,踐其隩隅。譬越箭達犀(xi),飾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)括羽;楚金(jin)切(qie)玉,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磨礲。救乏同於(wu)(wu)(wu)指(zhi)囷,親識(shi)待(dai)其舉(ju)火(huo),進賢方於(wu)(wu)(wu)推轂,知(zhi)(zhi)已俟(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)彈冠。存信舍原,黃(huang)金(jin)賤於(wu)(wu)(wu)然諾;忘身殉難,性命(ming)輕於(wu)(wu)(wu)鴻毛。齊大小於(wu)(wu)(wu)沖襟,混寵辱(ru)於(wu)(wu)(wu)靈府,可謂楷模雅俗(su),冠冕時雄者(zhe)也。方當亮(liang)(liang)采泰階,參綜機(ji)務,豈謂世(shi)逢多故,運屬(shu)道消(xiao),未(wei)展經邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀(mou),奄鍾非命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酷。世(shi)子民部尚書上(shang)柱國(guo)滑國(guo)公無逸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為,邢山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,莫(mo)識(shi)祭仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墳;平(ping)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,誰知(zhi)(zhi)子孟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓。乃雕(diao)戈勒(le)石(shi),騰實(shi)飛聲,樹(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康衢,永(yong)表芳烈(lie)。庶葛亮(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隴,鍾生禁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樵蘇;賈(jia)逵(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑,魏君嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不朽。乃為銘(ming)曰:
殷后華宗,名卿胄(zhou)系(xi)。人物代德(de)(de),衣冠(guan)重世。逢時翼主,膺(ying)期佐帝。運策經綸(lun),執鈞匡濟(ji)。門承積慶(qing),世挺偉人。夜(ye)光愧(kui)寶,朝(chao)采慚珍。云(yun)中比陸(lu),日下(xia)方荀。抑揚(yang)元輔,參贊機鈞。玉葉東(dong)封(feng),貳(er)圖(tu)北(bei)啟(qi)。伏奏青蒲(pu),曳裾朱邸。名馳碣石(shi),聲(sheng)高(gao)建(jian)禮。珥(er)筆(bi)憲(xian)臺,握蘭(lan)文陛(bi)。分星裂(lie)士,建(jian)侯(hou)開國。輔藉正人,相資懿德(de)(de)。中臺輟務,晉陽(yang)就職。望重府朝(chao),譽聞宸極。亂階蔓草,災生剪(jian)桐(tong)。成師構難,太叔興(xing)戎。建(jian)德(de)(de)效(xiao)節,夷吾(wu)盡忠。命屯道著,身歿名隆。牛亭始卜,馬獦初封(feng)。翠碑刻鳳,丹旆圖(tu)龍(long)。煙橫古樹,云(yun)鎖喬(qiao)松。敬銘盛(sheng)德(de)(de),永播笙鏞。
歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(557一(yi)641年(nian)(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)代,漢(han)族,潭(tan)州(zhou)(zhou)臨湘(今(jin)長沙(sha)(sha))人(ren),字信本,楷書(shu)四(si)大(da)(da)家(歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)、顏真卿、柳(liu)公(gong)權、趙孟頫)之(zhi)一(yi)。公(gong)元557年(nian)(nian)(nian)出生于(yu)衡州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)衡陽(yang)(yang)(yang)),祖籍(ji)潭(tan)州(zhou)(zhou)臨湘(今(jin)湖南長沙(sha)(sha)),歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)祖父(fu)(fu)(fu)歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)頒(498~563年(nian)(nian)(nian))曾為(wei)(wei)南梁直閣將(jiang)軍(jun),父(fu)(fu)(fu)歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)紇曾任南陳廣州(zhou)(zhou)刺史和(he)左衛將(jiang)軍(jun)等職。因(yin)舉兵反陳失敗被殺,并株(zhu)連家族。歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)因(yin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)幼幸免于(yu)難,被父(fu)(fu)(fu)親好友收養(yang)。歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)聰敏勤學(xue),涉獵經史,博聞強記。隋朝時,歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)曾官(guan)至太常博士。因(yin)與李淵(yuan)交好,在大(da)(da)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)盛(sheng)世(shi)累(lei)遷銀青光祿(lu)大(da)(da)夫、給事(shi)中、太子率更(geng)令、弘文(wen)館學(xue)士,封渤海縣男,也稱“歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)率更(geng)”。與同代另三位(wei)(虞(yu)世(shi)南、褚遂良、薛稷),并稱初唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)四(si)大(da)(da)家。因(yin)其子歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)亦通(tong)善(shan)書(shu)法,故其又(you)稱“大(da)(da)歐(ou)(ou)(ou)”。歐(ou)(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詢(xun)楷書(shu)法度之(zhi)嚴謹,筆力之(zhi)險(xian)峻,世(shi)無所匹(pi),被稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)人(ren)楷書(shu)第(di)一(yi)。他(ta)與虞(yu)世(shi)南俱以書(shu)法馳名初唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),并稱“歐(ou)(ou)(ou)虞(yu)”,后(hou)人(ren)以其書(shu)于(yu)平正中見險(xian)絕,最便初學(xue),號(hao)為(wei)(wei)“歐(ou)(ou)(ou)體”,他(ta)的字有多人(ren)評論。
注一:原碑文(wen)是“作固同(tong)於(wu)西蜀,設險類於(wu)東(dong)泰”,啟(qi)功認為東(dong)泰的說(shuo)法不通,應為“東(dong)秦”,東(dong)秦指的是齊(qi)國。這個問題(ti)尚需學(xue)術界進行最終確(que)定。
歐陽詢—皇甫(fu)(fu)誕碑(bei)全稱(cheng)《隋柱(zhu)國(guo)左(zuo)光祿大夫弘義明公(gong)皇甫(fu)(fu)府君(jun)之碑(bei)》,亦稱(cheng)《皇甫(fu)(fu)君(jun)碑(bei)》。
《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)甫誕(dan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》用筆緊(jin)密內斂,剛勁(jing)不撓(nao)。點(dian)畫重在(zai)提筆刻入,此為(wei)唐初(chu)未(wei)脫魏碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及隋(sui)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)瘦勁(jing)書(shu)風(feng)所(suo)特有的(de)筆法特點(dian)。楊士奇云:“詢書(shu)骨氣勁(jing)峭,法度嚴整,論者謂虞(世(shi)南(nan))得晉之飄遺,歐(ou)(陽(yang)詢)得晉之嚴整。觀《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)甫誕(dan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》其振發(fa)動蕩,豈非逸哉(zai)?非所(suo)謂不逾矩(ju)者乎(hu)?”翁(weng)方綱說:“是碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)由隸成楷(kai)(kai),因險(xian)絕(jue)而(er)恰得方正,乃率更行筆最見神采,未(wei)遽藏鋒(feng),是學(xue)唐楷(kai)(kai)第一(yi)必由之路(lu)也。”此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)用筆研(yan)潤(run),雖(sui)為(wei)歐(ou)陽(yang)詢早年作(zuo)品(pin),但(dan)已(yi)具備了“歐(ou)體”嚴整、險(xian)絕(jue)的(de)基(ji)本特點(dian)。明(ming)王世(shi)貞云:“率更書(shu)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)甫府君(jun)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),比之諸貼尤為(wei)險(xian)勁(jing)。是伊(yi)家蘭臺(歐(ou)陽(yang)通(tong))發(fa)源(yuan)。”楊賓在(zai)《大瓢偶筆》中說:“信(xin)本碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)版方嚴莫(mo)過于《邕禪師》,秀勁(jing)莫(mo)過于《醴(li)泉銘》,險(xian)峭莫(mo)過于《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)甫誕(dan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》,而(er)險(xian)絕(jue)尤為(wei)難,此《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)甫碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》所(suo)以貴(gui)也。”
《皇甫誕碑》,于志寧(ning)制,歐(ou)陽詢書,唐刻,宋拓,裝裱成(cheng)冊(ce),共32頁(ye),每頁(ye)縱30.2cm,橫16.4cm。
有張祖翼(yi)、朱翼(yi)盦(an)等題簽(qian),鈐有“翼(yi)盦(an)鑒(jian)之(zhi)”、“盧江劉健之(zhi)鑒(jian)藏(zang)石墨”等印4方(fang)。為(wei)“參綜機務”之(zhi)“務”字未損(sun)本。
此碑文(wen)(wen)28行,行59字。篆額陽(yang)文(wen)(wen)12字。碑文(wen)(wen)內(nei)無年(nian)月(yue),據前人(ren)考之,為高祖(zu)武德(de)時(shi)立,又謂貞觀(guan)初立,宋時(shi)尚(shang)在咸寧鳴犢鎮。碑陰有宋皇祐三年(nian)(1051年(nian))刻“復唯識廨院記”。碑側(ce)原刻花紋,宋時(shi)右側(ce)已刻題名。以(yi)后移至西安府學文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)。明萬歷十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1588年(nian))余君房督(du)學作亭覆之,至二十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)亭圮,此碑中(zhong)斷,損數十(shi)(shi)字。現藏西安碑林博物館。
此(ci)碑書法(fa)用筆、結體及字形具(ju)有(you)北齊風格(ge),骨氣勁峭,法(fa)度(du)嚴整。明王世(shi)貞說(shuo):“率更書《皇甫君碑》,比之(zhi)諸碑尤為險勁。是伊家蘭(lan)臺發源,然(ran)蘭(lan)臺《道(dao)因碑》,筆筆帶批(隸(li)法(fa)),得之(zhi)家學也(ye)。”
宋趙明誠《金石錄》,清(qing)孫承澤《庚子銷(xiao)夏記》、朱楓(feng)《雍州金石記》等書著錄。