唐于志寧撰文,唐歐陽詢(xun)書(shu)(shu)。此碑(bei)(bei)在陜西(xi)西(xi)安,無書(shu)(shu)寫(xie)年(nian)月(yue)。楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)28行,行59字。碑(bei)(bei)額篆書(shu)(shu)“隋柱國弘義明公(gong)皇甫府(fu)君(jun)碑(bei)(bei)”十(shi)二字。《墨林(lin)快事》謂此碑(bei)(bei)立(li)于隋朝,當為歐陽詢(xun)(557年(nian)~641年(nian))早年(nian)所書(shu)(shu),另有一說《皇甫誕(dan)碑(bei)(bei)》刻立(li)于唐貞(zhen)觀年(nian)間(公(gong)元627年(nian)~650年(nian))。此碑(bei)(bei)在明代已斷為兩(liang)截。
隨柱國左光(guang)祿(lu)大夫弘義明公皇甫府君之碑(bei)。
銀青光祿大夫行太子左庶子上柱(zhu)國黎陽縣開國公于志寧制。
夫(fu)素秋肅煞(sha),勁草(cao)標於疾風;叔世艱虞(yu),忠臣彰於赴(fu)難。銜須(xu)授命,結纓殉國,英聲(sheng)煥乎(hu)記牒,徽烈著於旂常,豈(qi)若釁起(qi)蕭(xiao)墻,禍(huo)生蕃(fan)翰,強逾(yu)七國,勢重三監,其有(you)蹈(dao)水火而(er)不(bu)辭,臨鋒刃而(er)莫(mo)顧(gu),激清風於後葉,抗名節於當時者(zhe),見之弘義明公矣。
君(jun)諱誕(dan),字(zi)玄(xuan)憲,安定朝那人也。昔立效長丘,樹(shu)績東(dong)郡,太尉裂壤(rang)於(wu)槐里,司(si)徒(tu)胙土(tu)於(wu)耏門,是(shi)以車服旌其器能,茅(mao)社表其勛德,銘功衛鼎,騰美晉鍾(zhong),盛族冠(guan)於(wu)國(guo)高,華宗邁於(wu)欒卻(que),備在史(shi)牒(die),可略言焉。曾祖重(zhong)華,使持(chi)節、龍驤(xiang)將(jiang)軍、梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)剌史(shi)。潤木暉(hui)山,方(fang)重(zhong)價於(wu)趙(zhao)璧;媚川照闕,曜奇采(cai)於(wu)隨珠。祖和,雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)贊(zan)治,贈使持(chi)節、散(san)騎常侍、車騎大將(jiang)軍、儀同三司(si)、膠(jiao)、涇二州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。高衢將(jiang)騁,遽(ju)夭追風之(zhi)足;扶搖始(shi)摶,早墜垂天之(zhi)羽(yu)。父璠,使持(chi)節、驃騎大將(jiang)軍、開府儀同三司(si)、隨州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)、長樂(le)恭侯。橫(heng)劍梐枑(hu),威重(zhong)冠(guan)軍;析瑞蕃條,聲(sheng)高渤海(hai)。
公量包(bao)申伯,稟嵩山之(zhi)(zhi)秀氣;材(cai)兼蕭相,降昴緯(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)淑(shu)精(jing)。據德依仁,居(ju)貞體道(dao)(dao)。含(han)章表質,詎(ju)待變於(wu)朱藍;恭孝(xiao)為基,寧取訓於(wu)橋梓(zi)。鋒剸(tuan)犀(xi)象,百練挺(ting)於(wu)昆吾;翼掩(yan)鴛鴻(hong),九萬奮於(wu)溟海。博韜胥產,文瞻卿云,孝(xiao)窮(qiong)溫凊之(zhi)(zhi)方,忠(zhong)盡(jin)匡(kuang)救之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。同何充之(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)局,被重晉(jin)君;類荀攸之(zhi)(zhi)宏圖,見知魏主。斯故(gu)包(bao)羅眾藝,囊括群英者也。起家除(chu)周畢王府(fu)長史(shi),策名蕃牧,則位重首(shou)寮;袨服睢(sui)陽,則譽光上客。既而蒼(cang)精(jing)委馭(yu),炎運啟(qi)圖,作(zuo)貳邊服,實資令望,授(shou)廣(guang)州長史(shi)。悅近來遠,變輕訬於(wu)雕題;伐叛(pan)懷柔(rou),漸(jian)淳化於(wu)緩耳。蜀(shu)王地處維城,寄深磐石,建旟(yu)玉壘,作(zuo)鎮銅(tong)梁,妙擇奇才,以為僚佐(zuo),授(shou)公益州總(zong)管府(fu)司法。昔梁孝(xiao)開國,首(shou)辟鄒陽,燕昭建邦,肇徵(zhi)郭隗(wei)。故(gu)得(de)馳令問於(wu)碣館(guan),播芳猷(you)於(wu)平臺,以古方今,彼此(ci)一也。尋除(chu)尚書比部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang),轉刑部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)。趍步紫(zi)庭,光映(ying)朝列(lie);折旋丹(dan)地,譽重周行。俄(e)遷治書侍(shi)御史(shi)。彈違糾慝,時絕權豪;霜(shuang)簡直繩(sheng),俗寢貪(tan)競。
隨(sui)文(wen)帝求衣待旦,志在(zai)恤(xu)刑,咒網泣辜,情存緩(huan)獄。授(shou)大理少(shao)卿。公(gong)(gong)(gong)巨(ju)細(xi)必察,同張季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽理;寬(kuan)猛相(xiang)濟,比于公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)冤。但禮(li)闈務(wu)殷,樞轄寄重(zhong),允膺此職,實(shi)難其人(ren)。授(shou)尚(shang)書右(you)丞(cheng),洞明政術,深(shen)曉治方,臧否自(zi)分,條目咸理。丁(ding)母憂(you)去職。哀慟里閭,鄰(lin)人(ren)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罷(ba)社;悲感衢路,行(xing)客以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟歌。孝德則師范彝倫,精(jing)誠則貫徹幽顯(xian),雖高曾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)性,何以加(jia)焉。尋詔奪情,復其舊(jiu)任。于時山(shan)東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),俗升民澆,雖預編民,未行(xing)聲(sheng)教。詔公(gong)(gong)(gong)持節(jie)為河北河南道(dao)安撫大使,仍賜米五百石(shi)、絹五百匹。公(gong)(gong)(gong)輶軒布政,美(mei)冠皇(huang)華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian);擁節(jie)觀風(feng),榮甚(shen)繡衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使。事(shi)訖反命(ming),授(shou)尚(shang)書左丞(cheng)。然并(bing)州地(di)處參墟,城臨晉水,作(zuo)固同於(wu)西蜀(shu),設險類於(wu)東秦(原文(wen)是(shi)“泰(tai)”,注1),實(shi)山(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要沖(chong),信蕃服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)襟(jin)帶(dai)。授(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)并(bing)州總(zong)管(guan)府(fu)司馬,加(jia)儀同三司。公(gong)(gong)(gong)贊(zan)務(wu)大邦(bang),聲(sheng)名藉甚(shen),精(jing)民感化,黠吏(li)畏威。
屬(shu)文帝劍璽(xi)空留,鑾蹕莫反,楊諒率太原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)甲(jia),擁(yong)河朔之(zhi)(zhi)兵。方叔段(duan)(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)作亂京城,同(tong)州(zhou)吁之(zhi)(zhi)挻(shan)禍濮上,雖無當璧(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)地,乃懷奪(duo)宗之(zhi)(zhi)心。公備說安危(wei),具陳逆(ni)順,翻納魏勃之(zhi)(zhi)策,反被王(wang)悍之(zhi)(zhi)災。仁(ren)壽四(si)年九月,溘從運往,春秋五十有(you)一。萬機起殲良之(zhi)(zhi)嘆(tan),百辟興喪予之(zhi)(zhi)悲,切(qie)孔氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)山頹,痛(tong)楊君之(zhi)(zhi)棟(dong)折。贈柱(zhu)國、左光祿(lu)大夫,封弘義(yi)郡(jun)公,食(shi)邑五千(qian)(qian)戶,謚曰明公,禮(li)也。喪事所須,隨由資給,賜帛五千(qian)(qian)段(duan)(duan),粟三千(qian)(qian)石。
惟公溫潤成(cheng)性,夙表白虹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍;黼(fu)黻(fu)為(wei)文,幼挺雕龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)。行(xing)已窮(qiong)於(wu)六本,蘊德包(bao)於(wu)四(si)科(ke),延閣曲臺(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇書(shu),鴻都石(shi)(shi)渠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘說(shuo),莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)尋其(qi)枝葉,踐(jian)其(qi)隩(yu)隅。譬越箭達(da)犀,飾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)括羽(yu);楚金切(qie)玉,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)磨礲。救乏同於(wu)指囷,親識(shi)(shi)待其(qi)舉火,進賢方於(wu)推轂(gu),知(zhi)已俟以(yi)(yi)彈冠(guan)。存信舍原,黃金賤(jian)於(wu)然諾;忘(wang)身殉難,性命輕於(wu)鴻毛。齊(qi)大(da)小(xiao)於(wu)沖襟(jin),混寵(chong)辱於(wu)靈(ling)府,可謂楷模雅俗,冠(guan)冕(mian)時雄者也。方當亮采(cai)泰(tai)階(jie),參綜機務,豈(qi)謂世逢多(duo)故,運(yun)屬(shu)道消,未展(zhan)經(jing)邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀,奄(yan)鍾(zhong)非命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酷。世子民部尚書(shu)上柱國滑(hua)國公無逸以(yi)(yi)為(wei),邢山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,莫(mo)(mo)識(shi)(shi)祭仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墳(fen);平陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,誰知(zhi)子孟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓。乃雕戈勒石(shi)(shi),騰實飛聲,樹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康衢,永(yong)表芳烈。庶葛亮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隴,鍾(zhong)生禁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)樵蘇;賈逵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑,魏君(jun)嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)朽。乃為(wei)銘曰:
殷后華宗(zong),名卿胄系。人物代德(de),衣冠重(zhong)(zhong)世。逢(feng)時翼主,膺(ying)期佐帝(di)。運策(ce)經綸(lun),執鈞(jun)匡濟。門承積慶,世挺偉人。夜光愧寶(bao),朝采慚珍。云(yun)中比(bi)陸,日(ri)下方荀。抑揚(yang)元(yuan)輔,參贊機(ji)鈞(jun)。玉葉(xie)東(dong)封,貳圖北(bei)啟。伏奏青蒲,曳裾朱邸。名馳碣(jie)石,聲高建(jian)禮。珥筆(bi)憲臺,握蘭文陛。分星裂(lie)士,建(jian)侯(hou)開(kai)國(guo)。輔藉正人,相資懿(yi)德(de)。中臺輟務,晉陽就職。望重(zhong)(zhong)府朝,譽聞宸極。亂階蔓草,災生剪桐。成(cheng)師(shi)構(gou)難,太叔興(xing)戎。建(jian)德(de)效節,夷吾盡(jin)忠。命屯道著,身(shen)歿名隆。牛亭始卜,馬獦初封。翠碑刻鳳(feng),丹(dan)旆圖龍。煙(yan)橫(heng)古(gu)樹,云(yun)鎖喬(qiao)松。敬銘盛德(de),永播笙鏞。
歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(557一(yi)641年(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)(tang)代,漢族,潭州(zhou)臨湘(xiang)(今長(chang)沙(sha)(sha))人(ren),字信本(ben),楷書四(si)(si)大家(jia)(歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢、顏真(zhen)卿、柳公權、趙孟頫)之(zhi)一(yi)。公元557年(nian)(nian)出生于(yu)衡州(zhou)(今衡陽(yang)(yang)),祖(zu)籍潭州(zhou)臨湘(xiang)(今湖南(nan)(nan)長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)),歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢祖(zu)父歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)頒(498~563年(nian)(nian))曾為南(nan)(nan)梁直閣將軍,父歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)紇(he)曾任(ren)南(nan)(nan)陳廣州(zhou)刺史(shi)和左衛(wei)將軍等職。因舉兵反陳失敗被殺,并(bing)株連家(jia)族。歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢因年(nian)(nian)幼(you)幸免于(yu)難,被父親好友收養。歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢聰敏勤學,涉獵經史(shi),博聞(wen)強記。隋(sui)朝時,歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢曾官(guan)至(zhi)太(tai)常(chang)博士。因與(yu)李(li)淵交好,在(zai)大唐(tang)(tang)盛世累遷銀青光祿大夫、給(gei)事中、太(tai)子(zi)率更(geng)令、弘(hong)文館學士,封渤海縣男(nan),也稱“歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)率更(geng)”。與(yu)同代另三位(虞(yu)世南(nan)(nan)、褚遂良、薛稷),并(bing)稱初(chu)唐(tang)(tang)四(si)(si)大家(jia)。因其子(zi)歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)通亦通善書法,故其又稱“大歐(ou)(ou)”。歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢楷書法度之(zhi)嚴謹,筆(bi)力(li)之(zhi)險(xian)峻,世無所(suo)匹,被稱之(zhi)為唐(tang)(tang)人(ren)楷書第(di)一(yi)。他與(yu)虞(yu)世南(nan)(nan)俱以書法馳名(ming)初(chu)唐(tang)(tang),并(bing)稱“歐(ou)(ou)虞(yu)”,后人(ren)以其書于(yu)平正中見險(xian)絕,最(zui)便初(chu)學,號為“歐(ou)(ou)體”,他的(de)字有多人(ren)評論。
注一:原(yuan)碑文是“作固同於(wu)西蜀(shu),設險類(lei)於(wu)東(dong)泰(tai)”,啟功認為東(dong)泰(tai)的(de)說法不通,應為“東(dong)秦”,東(dong)秦指(zhi)的(de)是齊國。這(zhe)個問題尚需學術界進行最終(zhong)確(que)定。
歐(ou)陽詢(xun)—皇(huang)甫(fu)誕碑(bei)全(quan)稱《隋柱國左光祿(lu)大夫(fu)弘(hong)義(yi)明公(gong)皇(huang)甫(fu)府君(jun)之碑(bei)》,亦稱《皇(huang)甫(fu)君(jun)碑(bei)》。
《皇甫誕碑(bei)(bei)》用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)緊密內斂,剛勁(jing)(jing)不撓。點(dian)畫重在(zai)提筆(bi)(bi)刻入,此(ci)為(wei)唐初(chu)未脫魏(wei)碑(bei)(bei)及隋碑(bei)(bei)的(de)瘦勁(jing)(jing)書風(feng)所特有的(de)筆(bi)(bi)法特點(dian)。楊士奇云:“詢書骨(gu)氣勁(jing)(jing)峭(qiao),法度(du)嚴(yan)(yan)整,論者(zhe)謂虞(yu)(世南)得晉之(zhi)(zhi)飄(piao)遺(yi),歐(ou)(陽詢)得晉之(zhi)(zhi)嚴(yan)(yan)整。觀《皇甫誕碑(bei)(bei)》其振發動(dong)蕩(dang),豈非逸哉(zai)?非所謂不逾矩者(zhe)乎?”翁方(fang)綱(gang)說:“是(shi)碑(bei)(bei)由隸(li)成(cheng)楷,因險絕(jue)(jue)而恰得方(fang)正(zheng),乃率更行筆(bi)(bi)最見神采,未遽(ju)藏鋒,是(shi)學唐楷第一必(bi)由之(zhi)(zhi)路也(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)研(yan)潤,雖為(wei)歐(ou)陽詢早年作品(pin),但已具備了(le)“歐(ou)體”嚴(yan)(yan)整、險絕(jue)(jue)的(de)基本特點(dian)。明(ming)王世貞云:“率更書皇甫府君碑(bei)(bei),比之(zhi)(zhi)諸(zhu)貼(tie)尤為(wei)險勁(jing)(jing)。是(shi)伊家蘭臺(歐(ou)陽通)發源。”楊賓在(zai)《大(da)瓢偶筆(bi)(bi)》中說:“信本碑(bei)(bei)版方(fang)嚴(yan)(yan)莫過于(yu)(yu)《邕(yong)禪師》,秀勁(jing)(jing)莫過于(yu)(yu)《醴泉(quan)銘(ming)》,險峭(qiao)莫過于(yu)(yu)《皇甫誕碑(bei)(bei)》,而險絕(jue)(jue)尤為(wei)難,此(ci)《皇甫碑(bei)(bei)》所以貴也(ye)(ye)。”
《皇甫(fu)誕碑》,于志寧制,歐陽詢(xun)書(shu),唐刻,宋拓,裝裱成冊,共32頁(ye),每頁(ye)縱30.2cm,橫(heng)16.4cm。
有張祖翼、朱(zhu)翼盦(an)等題(ti)簽,鈐有“翼盦(an)鑒之(zhi)(zhi)”、“盧江(jiang)劉(liu)健(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)鑒藏石墨(mo)”等印(yin)4方。為“參綜機務”之(zhi)(zhi)“務”字未損本。
此碑(bei)文(wen)28行,行59字(zi)(zi)。篆額(e)陽(yang)文(wen)12字(zi)(zi)。碑(bei)文(wen)內(nei)無年(nian)(nian)(nian)月,據(ju)前人考之(zhi)(zhi),為高祖武德時(shi)立(li),又(you)謂(wei)貞觀初立(li),宋(song)時(shi)尚在咸寧鳴犢(du)鎮。碑(bei)陰有宋(song)皇祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1051年(nian)(nian)(nian))刻“復(fu)唯識(shi)廨院記”。碑(bei)側原刻花紋,宋(song)時(shi)右側已(yi)刻題名。以后移至(zhi)西(xi)安府學(xue)文(wen)廟(miao)。明萬歷十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1588年(nian)(nian)(nian))余君(jun)房督學(xue)作亭覆之(zhi)(zhi),至(zhi)二(er)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)亭圮,此碑(bei)中斷(duan),損數十字(zi)(zi)。現(xian)藏西(xi)安碑(bei)林(lin)博物館。
此碑書法(fa)用筆、結體及字形具有北齊風格,骨(gu)氣勁峭(qiao),法(fa)度(du)嚴整。明王世貞說:“率(lv)更書《皇甫君(jun)碑》,比之(zhi)諸(zhu)碑尤為(wei)險勁。是伊家蘭(lan)臺發(fa)源(yuan),然(ran)蘭(lan)臺《道因碑》,筆筆帶(dai)批(隸法(fa)),得之(zhi)家學也(ye)。”
宋趙明(ming)誠《金(jin)石錄(lu)》,清孫承澤《庚子(zi)銷(xiao)夏記》、朱楓《雍州金(jin)石記》等書著(zhu)錄(lu)。