《爭座(zuo)位(wei)帖(tie)》,又名(ming)《論(lun)座(zuo)帖(tie)》《爭座(zuo)位(wei)稿》《與(yu)郭仆(pu)(pu)射書》,為唐廣德二年(nian)(764年(nian))十一月(yue)顏真卿致尚書右仆(pu)(pu)射、定襄郡王郭英(ying)乂的(de)信函,是顏真卿行(xing)草書法的(de)代(dai)表作,原跡已(yi)佚,刻石存(cun)西安碑林。
《爭座位帖(tie)》原稿(gao)用唐(tang)畿縣獄狀磓熟紙寫就,共七頁,禿(tu)筆(bi)書(shu),有夾行(xing)小注和勾改(gai)痕跡,短(duan)行(xing)不(bu)計共六(liu)十八(ba)行(xing),全文計一(yi)千一(yi)百九十三字(zi)(zi)。顏(yan)真卿在信中直指郭(guo)英乂(yi)于安福寺興道會上藐視(shi)禮儀(yi),諂媚宦(huan)官魚朝恩,致其禮遇高(gao)于六(liu)部尚書(shu)之(zhi)事,字(zi)(zi)里行(xing)間洋溢著(zhu)忠義之(zhi)氣。該帖(tie)隨意(yi)自(zi)如,揮(hui)灑有度,為(wei)(wei)歷代書(shu)家(jia)所重,與王羲之(zhi)的《蘭亭集序》并(bing)稱行(xing)書(shu)“雙璧”,又(you)與《祭侄文稿(gao)》《告(gao)伯父文稿(gao)》并(bing)稱為(wei)(wei)“顏(yan)氏三稿(gao)”。
十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月日,金(jin)紫光祿大(da)(da)夫檢校邢部尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)柱國魯郡開國公(gong)顏真(zhen)卿(qing),謹奉寓書(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)右(you)(you)(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)定(ding)襄郡王郭公(gong)閣下(xia)(xia),蓋太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)立德(de),其次有(you)(you)立功,是(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。抑又聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),端(duan)揆(kui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百(bai)寮(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi)長。諸侯王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極地,今(jin)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功業(ye),當(dang)(dang)人(ren)臣極地。豈(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)才為(wei)(wei)世(shi)出(chu),功冠一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)。挫思明跋(ba)扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi),抗回紇無厭(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請,故得身(shen)畫(hua)淩煙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣,名藏太(tai)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷,吁足畏也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)美則美矣,然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)終之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)難。故曰:滿而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)長守(shou)富也(ye)(ye)。高而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)長守(shou)貴(gui)也(ye)(ye)。可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆懼(ju)乎(hu)(hu)?書(shu)(shu)(shu)曰:爾(er)唯(wei)弗(fu)矜,天(tian)下(xia)(xia)莫與(yu)汝(ru)爭功。爾(er)唯(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐,天(tian)下(xia)(xia)莫與(yu)汝(ru)爭能(neng)。以(yi)(yi)齊桓公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛業(ye),片言勤(qin)王,則九(jiu)合諸侯,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匡天(tian)下(xia)(xia)。葵丘(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),微有(you)(you)振矜,而(er)(er)(er)叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)國。故曰:行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)百(bai)里(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半九(jiu)十里(li),言晚(wan)節未(wei)(wei)(wei)路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難也(ye)(ye)。從古至今(jin),自我高祖太(tai)宗(zong)已來(lai),未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li)(li),廢此而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)菩提寺行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)香,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)指麾宰相(xiang)與(yu)兩省三(san)(san)省已下(xia)(xia)常(chang)參(can)官并為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)坐(zuo),魚開府及仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)率(lv)諸軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)坐(zuo),若(ruo)(ruo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)從權,亦(yi)(yi)猶未(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)。何(he)(he)況積習更行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)?一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨以(yi)(yi)郭令(ling)公(gong)父(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),破犬羊兇(xiong)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong),眾(zhong)(zhong)情欣喜(xi),恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂(ding)而(er)(er)(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)用有(you)(you)興道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟前失(shi)。徑率(lv)意而(er)(er)(er)指麾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)(gu)班(ban)秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高下(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),茍以(yi)(yi)取(qu)悅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)心(xin)(xin)。曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)(gu)百(bai)寮(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側目(mu),亦(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)異清畫(hua)攫金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)哉(zai)?甚非謂也(ye)(ye)。君子愛人(ren)以(yi)(yi)禮,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊見聞(wen)姑息。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen)念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)?真(zhen)卿(qing)偶聞(wen)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)人(ren),清修(xiu)梵行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),深(shen)入佛海,況乎(hu)(hu)收東京有(you)(you)殄城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye),守(shou)陜(shan)城有(you)(you)戴天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,朝(chao)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)共景仰(yang),豈(qi)獨有(you)(you)分(fen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)哉(zai)。加以(yi)(yi)利衰涂(tu)割,恬然(ran)於(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)。固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毀加怒(nu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬加喜(xi)。尚(shang)(shang)何(he)(he)半席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)咫尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地能(neng)泊其志哉(zai)。且鄉里(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)齒,宗(zong)廟上(shang)(shang)(shang)爵(jue),朝(chao)廷上(shang)(shang)(shang)位,皆有(you)(you)等(deng)威,以(yi)(yi)明長幼(you)。故得彝倫敘而(er)(er)(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)和平也(ye)(ye)。且上(shang)(shang)(shang)自宰相(xiang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫兩省五品(pin)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)供奉官自為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),十二衛大(da)(da)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)師(shi)三(san)(san)公(gong)令(ling)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)少師(shi)保傅尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)侍郎自為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),九(jiu)鄉三(san)(san)監對之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),從古以(yi)(yi)然(ran),未(wei)(wei)(wei)嘗參(can)錯,至如(ru)(ru)節度軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang),各有(you)(you)本(ben)班(ban)卿(qing)監之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)。將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)位,縱(zong)是(shi)(shi)開府特進,并是(shi)(shi)勛(xun)官,用蔭(yin)即有(you)(you)高卑(bei),會(hui)燕合依倫敘,豈(qi)可(ke)裂冠毀冕,反(fan)易彜倫,貴(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)卑(bei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)凌(ling),尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)賤所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)逼,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至於(wu)(wu)(wu)此,振古未(wei)(wei)(wei)聞(wen)。如(ru)(ru)魚軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)階雖開府,官即監門(men)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),朝(chao)廷列位,自有(you)(you)次敘,但以(yi)(yi)功績既高,恩(en)(en)澤莫二,出(chu)入王命,眾(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢為(wei)(wei)此,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)令(ling)居本(ben)位,須別(bie)示(shi)有(you)(you)尊(zun)崇,只(zhi)可(ke)于宰相(xiang)師(shi)保座(zuo)(zuo)南(nan),橫安(an)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位,如(ru)(ru)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)臺眾(zhong)(zhong)尊(zun)知難事御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi),別(bie)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)榻(ta),使百(bai)寮(liao)共得瞻仰(yang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)(yi)可(ke)乎(hu)(hu)?圣(sheng)皇時(shi)(shi),開府高力士(shi)承(cheng)恩(en)(en)傅宣,亦(yi)(yi)只(zhi)如(ru)(ru)此橫座(zuo)(zuo),亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)別(bie)有(you)(you)禮數(shu)。亦(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)必(bi)令(ling)他失(shi)位,如(ru)(ru)李(li)輔(fu)國倚承(cheng)恩(en)(en)澤,徑居左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)及三(san)(san)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。令(ling)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)疑(yi)怪乎(hu)(hu)?古人(ren)云:益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)友(you),損者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)友(you),愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)與(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)直諒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)佞柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友(you)。又一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨裴(pei)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)誤欲(yu)令(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)承(cheng)勾(gou)嘗尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu),嘗時(shi)(shi)輒有(you)(you)訓對。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)恃(shi)貴(gui),張目(mu)見尤,介眾(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)顯(xian)過。今(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),還爾(er)遂非,再(zai)謁八(ba)座(zuo)(zuo)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu),欲(yu)令(ling)便(bian)向下(xia)(xia)座(zuo)(zuo)。州縣(xian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,亦(yi)(yi)恐(kong)未(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)。朝(chao)廷公(gong)宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)若(ruo)(ruo)此。今(jin)既若(ruo)(ruo)此,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)意只(zhi)應(ying)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)。若(ruo)(ruo)州佐(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)縣(xian)令(ling)乎(hu)(hu)?若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)同(tong)于縣(xian)令(ling),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)見尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling),得如(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)(shang)佐(zuo)事刺史(shi)(shi)乎(hu)(hu)?益(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣。今(jin)既三(san)(san)廳齊列,足明不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)刺史(shi)(shi)且尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)與(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she),同(tong)是(shi)(shi)二品(pin),只(zhi)校上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階,六朝(chao)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)并正三(san)(san)品(pin),又非隔品(pin)致(zhi)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)禮數(shu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)敢有(you)(you)失(shi)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧(gu)(gu)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu),何(he)(he)乃(nai)欲(yu)同(tong)卑(bei)吏?又據宋(song)書(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)百(bai)官志,八(ba)座(zuo)(zuo)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)第三(san)(san)品(pin),隋及國家始(shi)升,別(bie)作二品(pin)。高自標(biao)致(zhi),誠則尊(zun)崇,向下(xia)(xia)擠排,無乃(nai)傷甚況再(zai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)堂,猲咄常(chang)伯,當(dang)(dang)為(wei)(wei)令(ling)公(gong)初到,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)紛披,黽勉就命,亦(yi)(yi)非理(li)(li)屈。朝(chao)廷紀(ji)綱,須共存立,遇爾(er)隳(hui)壞(huai),亦(yi)(yi)恐(kong)及身(shen)。明天(tian)子忽震電含怒(nu),責(ze)轂彜倫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)其將(jiang)(jiang)何(he)(he)辭以(yi)(yi)對。
《爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)》是(shi)顏(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿寫給(gei)郭(guo)英(ying)乂(yi)的(de)一(yi)封書(shu)信的(de)草稿。事情的(de)起因是(shi)唐朝(chao)的(de)中興名將郭(guo)子儀凱旋(xuan)還朝(chao),代宗命文(wen)武百官(guan)于長安城舉(ju)行(xing)歡迎儀式(shi)。負責安排百官(guan)排列(lie)次(ci)序的(de)郭(guo)英(ying)乂(yi)為取悅于大宦官(guan)魚朝(chao)恩,不顧朝(chao)廷規制(zhi),刻(ke)意將魚朝(chao)恩的(de)座(zuo)位排在品(pin)階比他高(gao)的(de)幾位尚書(shu)之前。對于這(zhe)樣露骨的(de)獻媚之舉(ju),一(yi)向(xiang)以正色(se)立(li)朝(chao)的(de)顏(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿憤然致書(shu)郭(guo)英(ying)乂(yi),對其所作所為進(jin)行(xing)嚴詞斥責。
顏(yan)真(zhen)卿(709年—784年),字清臣(chen)(chen),京(jing)兆萬年(今陜(shan)西西安)人,祖籍瑯玡臨(lin)沂(今山東(dong)臨(lin)沂),唐朝名臣(chen)(chen)、書(shu)法(fa)家。顏(yan)真(zhen)卿擅長行(xing)、楷(kai),初(chu)學褚遂良,后師從張旭,得其筆法(fa),其正(zheng)楷(kai)端莊雄偉(wei),行(xing)書(shu)氣勢(shi)遒(qiu)勁,創“顏(yan)體”楷(kai)書(shu),對(dui)后世影響很大(da),與趙孟頫(fu)、柳(liu)公權、歐陽(yang)詢(xun)并(bing)稱為“楷(kai)書(shu)四大(da)家”,又(you)與柳(liu)公權并(bing)稱“顏(yan)柳(liu)”,被稱為“顏(yan)筋柳(liu)骨(gu)”。
《爭(zheng)座(zuo)位帖(tie)》不少筆意(yi)是(shi)從顏書楷體演化而來,寫(xie)得更為疾速,更為放逸,書風跌宕(dang)浪漫,全以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鋒(feng)用筆,氣足意(yi)滿,殺紙(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)氣溢于紙(zhi)外,似乎天地之(zhi)(zhi)間貫穿著股豪(hao)邁的正(zheng)義力量,無堅不摧(cui)。雖是(shi)信(xin)手寫(xie)來,但筆筆之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣韻(yun)飽滿,靜動(dong)(dong)有(you)態(tai),大小參(can)差。以(yi)直筆為主,渾(hun)(hun)厚藏拙,質樸蒼勁(jing),奇偉秀拔,筆勢(shi)縱(zong)橫,筆力矯健,筆鋒(feng)雄勁(jing)爽利。《爭(zheng)座(zuo)位帖(tie)》筆法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的圓(yuan)勁(jing),是(shi)篆籀的生化,在圓(yuan)潤之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更有(you)勁(jing)節,飛動(dong)(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更帶韌(ren)性,融北朝的雄渾(hun)(hun)遒逸和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)唐的肥勁(jing)寬博于一(yi)爐,勁(jing)立拔豪(hao)宕(dang),姿態(tai)飛動(dong)(dong)。
《爭(zheng)座(zuo)位帖》以行(xing)書(shu)(shu)為體(ti),草(cao)書(shu)(shu)輔(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)。結字是正書(shu)(shu)中快寫縱逸,以筆(bi)勢(shi)的(de)(de)婉健流動為契機(ji)來發(fa)行(xing)、草(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)變,既富“飛動詭形異狀(zhuang)”之(zhi)(zhi)態(tai),又不(bu)失(shi)有(you)凝重勁拔(ba)的(de)(de)神韻。它與《祭侄稿》一(yi)樣(yang)沒有(you)刻意(yi)做作的(de)(de)成分,是一(yi)種在(zai)自然的(de)(de)傾(qing)訴式的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)寫中達到了(le)書(shu)(shu)寫的(de)(de)極則,將本(ben)我的(de)(de)真、藝術(shu)內質的(de)(de)美、空間的(de)(de)騰挪起伏表現融(rong)為一(yi)體(ti)。
從章法上看,《爭座(zuo)位帖》通(tong)篇(pian)構成了自然疊(die)嶂(zhang)、雄逸茂暢、舒和爛漫的心靈圖畫,一派天機之(zhi)中,凜冽正義的精神凸出(chu)。使人從中可以體味出(chu)顏真卿剛強(qiang)耿直、樸素敦厚的性格。因為寫(xie)的是書(shu)信(xin),是草稿(gao)書(shu),所以信(xin)手寫(xie)來,故而前松后緊(jin),行疏字密,大小粗細相間,加上圈誤(wu)補遺,多處(chu)修(xiu)改(gai),無有(you)任何安排之(zhi)意,顯得自然優(you)雅,任意奔(ben)放。
北宋書(shu)法(fa)家蘇軾《東坡題(ti)跋·題(ti)魯公書(shu)草》:“比公他書(shu)尤為奇特,信乎自(zi)然,動有姿態。”
北宋(song)書(shu)法家米芾《寶(bao)章待訪錄》:“禿筆,字字意(yi)(yi)相連屬,飛動詭形異狀,得于意(yi)(yi)外也(ye)。世之顏(yan)行第一書(shu)也(ye)。”
清代書法家(jia)王澍《虛舟(zhou)題跋》:“三稿皆公奇(qi)(qi)絕之作(zuo),《祭(ji)侄》奇(qi)(qi)古蒙宕(dang),《告伯(bo)父》淵潤從(cong)容,至《論座》則兼有《祭(ji)侄》《告伯(bo)》兩稿之奇(qi)(qi),情結不同,書隨之異(yi),所以直(zhi)入神品,足為《蘭亭》后勁也”。
清代(dai)學(xue)者阮元《顏魯公爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)跋》:“《爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)》如(ru)熔金出冶(ye),隨地流走,元氣渾然(ran),不(bu)復(fu)以(yi)姿(zi)(zi)媚為念。夫不(bu)復(fu)以(yi)姿(zi)(zi)媚為念者,其(qi)品乃高,所以(yi)此帖(tie)為行書之極致(zhi)。”
清代(dai)書(shu)法家(jia)何紹基(ji):“此帖筆法之(zhi)佳,當在《蘭亭》之(zhi)上。”
清末民(min)初學者楊守敬《學書邇言》:“行書自右軍后,以魯公此帖為創格,絕去姿媚,獨標古勁。”
《爭座位帖》稿本(ben)墨跡北宋時藏(zang)于長安(an)安(an)師文處,安(an)氏據以摹勒(le)刻(ke)石(shi),后(hou)安(an)家兄弟分家,將真(zhen)跡一(yi)剖為二,其后(hou)又輾轉進入(ru)內府(fu),自此再無下落,不知所終(zhong)。惟其刻(ke)石(shi)今尚存西安(an)碑林(lin),世(shi)稱(cheng)“關中本(ben)”、“陜(shan)刻(ke)本(ben)”。好事者因(yin)以該本(ben)為底本(ben)反復翻(fan)刻(ke),翻(fan)本(ben)眾多,良(liang)莠不齊,以宋拓為最珍。
宋(song)(song)拓之中,據王壯弘《崇善(shan)樓筆(bi)記》載,以晚清四(si)大(da)藏(zang)書樓之鐵(tie)琴銅(tong)劍樓藏(zang)北(bei)宋(song)(song)拓本(ben)為第(di)一,惜今(jin)已不知尚存人間否。而存世之宋(song)(song)拓,以吳榮(rong)光、潘仕成、梁(liang)啟超(chao)遞藏(zang)北(bei)宋(song)(song)拓本(ben)為第(di)一。翁方綱題跋(ba)定為北(bei)宋(song)(song),民國(guo)七年有正(zheng)書局亦作為北(bei)宋(song)(song)拓本(ben)影印出版,鄭孝(xiao)胥(xu)有跋(ba),復為梁(liang)啟超(chao)重金(jin)購藏(zang),今(jin)入國(guo)家圖書館善(shan)本(ben)特(te)藏(zang)部,為當今(jin)學術界公認(ren)之北(bei)宋(song)(song)拓本(ben)。
此外(wai),還有(you)何紹基(ji)題跋宋拓(tuo)本(ben),今在(zai)上海圖書館(guan),為(wei)國家(jia)一級文物。其次,則有(you)啟(qi)功題跋、妙鑒齋藏南(nan)宋拓(tuo)本(ben)。