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基本介紹

《爭座(zuo)位(wei)帖》，又名《論座(zuo)帖》《爭座(zuo)位(wei)稿》《與郭(guo)仆射書》，為唐廣德(de)二年(nian)（764年(nian)）十一月顏真(zhen)卿致(zhi)尚書右仆射、定襄郡王郭(guo)英(ying)乂的(de)信函，是顏真(zhen)卿行草書法的(de)代表作，原跡已佚，刻石存西安碑林(lin)。

《爭座位(wei)帖》原(yuan)稿(gao)(gao)用唐畿縣獄(yu)狀磓(dui)熟紙寫(xie)就，共(gong)七頁，禿筆書(shu)(shu)，有夾行(xing)小注和(he)勾改痕跡(ji)，短行(xing)不計共(gong)六(liu)十(shi)八行(xing)，全文計一千一百九十(shi)三字。顏真卿在信中直(zhi)指郭英乂于(yu)安福寺興(xing)道會上藐視禮(li)儀，諂媚宦官魚朝恩，致其(qi)禮(li)遇高于(yu)六(liu)部尚書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，字里(li)行(xing)間洋溢著忠義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)。該帖隨(sui)意自如，揮灑有度，為歷代書(shu)(shu)家所重，與王羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的《蘭亭集序》并(bing)稱行(xing)書(shu)(shu)“雙璧(bi)”，又與《祭侄文稿(gao)(gao)》《告伯(bo)父文稿(gao)(gao)》并(bing)稱為“顏氏三稿(gao)(gao)”。

內容介紹

十一(yi)月日，金(jin)紫光祿大夫(fu)檢校邢部尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)柱國魯郡(jun)開(kai)國公(gong)(gong)顏真卿(qing)，謹奉寓書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)右仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)定襄(xiang)郡(jun)王郭公(gong)(gong)閣(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)，蓋太上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)立德，其次(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)立功(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)。抑又聞(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，端揆者(zhe)，百寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師長。諸(zhu)侯王者(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極地，今(jin)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)業，當(dang)人(ren)(ren)臣極地。豈(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)才為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世出(chu)(chu)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)冠(guan)一(yi)時。挫(cuo)思(si)明(ming)跋(ba)扈(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師，抗回紇無厭(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請，故(gu)得(de)(de)身畫淩(ling)煙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣(ge)(ge)，名藏太室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷(ting)(ting)，吁足畏也(ye)。然(ran)(ran)美則(ze)(ze)美矣，然(ran)(ran)而(er)終之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始難。故(gu)曰(yue)：滿(man)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢(yi)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長守富也(ye)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長守貴也(ye)。可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆懼乎(hu)？書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue)：爾(er)唯弗矜，天下(xia)(xia)莫(mo)與(yu)(yu)汝爭功(gong)(gong)(gong)。爾(er)唯不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐(fa)，天下(xia)(xia)莫(mo)與(yu)(yu)汝爭能(neng)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齊桓公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛業，片言勤王，則(ze)(ze)九(jiu)合(he)(he)諸(zhu)侯，一(yi)匡天下(xia)(xia)。葵丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)，微有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)振矜，而(er)叛者(zhe)九(jiu)國。故(gu)曰(yue)：行(xing)百里(li)者(zhe)半九(jiu)十里(li)，言晚節未(wei)(wei)路(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難也(ye)。從古(gu)至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)，自我高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)祖太宗已(yi)來，未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)行(xing)此(ci)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li)(li)，廢此(ci)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)也(ye)。前(qian)(qian)者(zhe)菩提(ti)寺行(xing)香，仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)指(zhi)麾宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)(yu)兩省三(san)省已(yi)下(xia)(xia)常參官并(bing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)行(xing)坐，魚開(kai)府(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)率諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)行(xing)坐，若(ruo)(ruo)一(yi)時從權，亦(yi)猶未(wei)(wei)可。何(he)況(kuang)積習更行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)？一(yi)昨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郭令(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)父子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，破犬羊(yang)兇(xiong)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾，眾情欣(xin)喜，恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂而(er)戴(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)興道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)，仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟(wu)前(qian)(qian)失。徑(jing)率意(yi)而(er)指(zhi)麾，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧班(ban)秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)下(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)右，茍(gou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取悅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)(xin)。曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧百寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側目(mu)，亦(yi)何(he)異清畫攫金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)哉？甚非謂也(ye)。君子(zi)愛人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊見聞(wen)(wen)姑息。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)？真卿(qing)偶聞(wen)(wen)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)，清修梵行(xing)，深入(ru)佛海，況(kuang)乎(hu)收東京有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)殄城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業，守陜(shan)城(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)戴(dai)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)，朝(chao)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，所(suo)共景仰(yang)，豈(qi)獨(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)於(wu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)哉。加(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利衰涂(tu)割，恬然(ran)(ran)於(wu)心(xin)(xin)。固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)毀(hui)加(jia)怒，一(yi)敬加(jia)喜。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)何(he)半席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)咫尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地能(neng)泊其志哉。且鄉里(li)上(shang)(shang)齒，宗廟上(shang)(shang)爵，朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)位(wei)，皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等威，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)長幼。故(gu)得(de)(de)彝(yi)倫敘而(er)天下(xia)(xia)和(he)平也(ye)。且上(shang)(shang)自宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)大夫(fu)兩省五品(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)供奉官自為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)行(xing)，十二衛大將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)師三(san)公(gong)(gong)令(ling)(ling)(ling)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)少師保傅(fu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)右侍郎自為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)行(xing)，九(jiu)鄉三(san)監對(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，從古(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran)，未(wei)(wei)嘗(chang)參錯(cuo)，至(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)節度軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)，各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)本(ben)班(ban)卿(qing)監之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)。將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)位(wei)，縱是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)府(fu)(fu)(fu)特進，并(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)勛官，用(yong)(yong)蔭即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)卑(bei)(bei)，會(hui)燕合(he)(he)依倫敘，豈(qi)可裂冠(guan)毀(hui)冕，反易彜(yi)倫，貴者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卑(bei)(bei)所(suo)凌，尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賤所(suo)逼，一(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)此(ci)，振古(gu)未(wei)(wei)聞(wen)(wen)。如(ru)(ru)魚軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容階(jie)雖(sui)開(kai)府(fu)(fu)(fu)，官即(ji)監門將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)列(lie)位(wei)，自有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)次(ci)(ci)敘，但以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)績既高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，恩(en)澤(ze)莫(mo)二，出(chu)(chu)入(ru)王命，眾人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可令(ling)(ling)(ling)居本(ben)位(wei)，須別(bie)示(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尊(zun)(zun)崇，只可于(yu)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)師保座(zuo)南，橫安一(yi)位(wei)，如(ru)(ru)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)臺眾尊(zun)(zun)知難事御(yu)史(shi)(shi)，別(bie)置(zhi)一(yi)榻，使百寮共得(de)(de)瞻仰(yang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)可乎(hu)？圣(sheng)皇時，開(kai)府(fu)(fu)(fu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)力士(shi)(shi)承恩(en)傅(fu)宣，亦(yi)只如(ru)(ru)此(ci)橫座(zuo)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)(wen)別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)禮(li)數。亦(yi)何(he)必令(ling)(ling)(ling)他失位(wei)，如(ru)(ru)李輔國倚(yi)承恩(en)澤(ze)，徑(jing)居左(zuo)右仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)及(ji)三(san)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。令(ling)(ling)(ling)天下(xia)(xia)疑怪乎(hu)？古(gu)人(ren)(ren)云：益者(zhe)三(san)友，損者(zhe)三(san)友，愿(yuan)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)與(yu)(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直諒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容佞柔(rou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友。又一(yi)昨裴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)誤(wu)欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)右承勾嘗(chang)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，嘗(chang)時輒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)訓對(dui)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)恃貴，張(zhang)目(mu)見尤，介眾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)(yu)顯過。今(jin)者(zhe)與(yu)(yu)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)，還爾(er)遂非，再謁八(ba)座(zuo)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)便向下(xia)(xia)座(zuo)。州縣軍(jun)(jun)(jun)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮(li)，亦(yi)恐未(wei)(wei)然(ran)(ran)。朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)公(gong)(gong)宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)若(ruo)(ruo)此(ci)。今(jin)既若(ruo)(ruo)此(ci)，仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)意(yi)只應(ying)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)。若(ruo)(ruo)州佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)縣令(ling)(ling)(ling)乎(hu)？若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)同于(yu)縣令(ling)(ling)(ling)，則(ze)(ze)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)見尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)，得(de)(de)如(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)佐事刺史(shi)(shi)乎(hu)？益不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)矣。今(jin)既三(san)廳齊列(lie)，足明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同刺史(shi)(shi)且尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)與(yu)(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)，同是(shi)(shi)(shi)二品(pin)，只校上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)，六(liu)朝(chao)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)并(bing)正三(san)品(pin)，又非隔品(pin)致敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)禮(li)數未(wei)(wei)敢(gan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)失。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，何(he)乃欲(yu)(yu)同卑(bei)(bei)吏？又據宋書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百官志，八(ba)座(zuo)同是(shi)(shi)(shi)第三(san)品(pin)，隋及(ji)國家始升，別(bie)作二品(pin)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)自標(biao)致，誠則(ze)(ze)尊(zun)(zun)崇，向下(xia)(xia)擠排，無乃傷(shang)甚況(kuang)再於(wu)公(gong)(gong)堂，猲咄常伯，當(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)初(chu)到，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)(yu)紛披，黽勉(mian)就命，亦(yi)非理(li)(li)屈。朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)紀綱，須共存立，遇爾(er)隳壞，亦(yi)恐及(ji)身。明(ming)天子(zi)忽(hu)震(zhen)電含怒，責轂(gu)彜(yi)倫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，則(ze)(ze)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)其將(jiang)何(he)辭(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)。

背景介紹

《爭座位帖(tie)》是顏真卿(qing)寫(xie)給郭(guo)英(ying)(ying)乂的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)封書信的(de)(de)(de)草稿。事情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)起因(yin)是唐(tang)朝的(de)(de)(de)中興名將郭(guo)子儀(yi)(yi)凱旋還朝，代(dai)宗(zong)命文武百官于(yu)長安城舉(ju)行(xing)歡迎儀(yi)(yi)式(shi)。負責安排百官排列次序的(de)(de)(de)郭(guo)英(ying)(ying)乂為(wei)取(qu)悅于(yu)大(da)宦官魚(yu)朝恩，不顧朝廷規(gui)制，刻意將魚(yu)朝恩的(de)(de)(de)座位排在品階(jie)比他高的(de)(de)(de)幾位尚書之(zhi)前(qian)。對(dui)于(yu)這樣露骨(gu)的(de)(de)(de)獻媚之(zhi)舉(ju)，一(yi)向以正色立朝的(de)(de)(de)顏真卿(qing)憤然致書郭(guo)英(ying)(ying)乂，對(dui)其所(suo)作所(suo)為(wei)進行(xing)嚴(yan)詞(ci)斥責。

作者介紹

顏(yan)(yan)真卿（709年(nian)—784年(nian)），字清臣，京兆萬年(nian)（今(jin)陜西西安）人，祖籍瑯(lang)玡臨沂(yi)（今(jin)山東臨沂(yi)），唐朝名臣、書(shu)法家。顏(yan)(yan)真卿擅長行、楷(kai)，初學褚遂良，后師(shi)從(cong)張旭，得其筆法，其正楷(kai)端莊雄偉，行書(shu)氣勢遒勁(jing)，創“顏(yan)(yan)體”楷(kai)書(shu)，對后世影響很大，與(yu)趙孟頫、柳(liu)(liu)公權、歐陽詢并(bing)稱(cheng)為(wei)“楷(kai)書(shu)四大家”，又(you)與(yu)柳(liu)(liu)公權并(bing)稱(cheng)“顏(yan)(yan)柳(liu)(liu)”，被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)“顏(yan)(yan)筋柳(liu)(liu)骨(gu)”。

鑒賞評價

藝術鑒賞

筆法

《爭座位帖(tie)》不(bu)少筆(bi)(bi)意是(shi)從(cong)顏(yan)書(shu)楷(kai)體演化而(er)來(lai)(lai)，寫(xie)得(de)更為(wei)疾速，更為(wei)放逸(yi)，書(shu)風跌宕浪漫，全以中(zhong)(zhong)鋒(feng)用筆(bi)(bi)，氣(qi)(qi)足意滿，殺紙(zhi)之(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)溢于紙(zhi)外，似乎天地之(zhi)間貫穿(chuan)著股豪邁的(de)正義(yi)力量(liang)，無堅不(bu)摧。雖(sui)是(shi)信手寫(xie)來(lai)(lai)，但筆(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)韻飽滿，靜(jing)動有態(tai)，大小參差。以直筆(bi)(bi)為(wei)主(zhu)，渾厚(hou)藏拙，質樸(pu)蒼勁(jing)，奇偉(wei)秀拔，筆(bi)(bi)勢縱橫，筆(bi)(bi)力矯健，筆(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)雄勁(jing)爽利。《爭座位帖(tie)》筆(bi)(bi)法中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)圓勁(jing)，是(shi)篆籀的(de)生(sheng)化，在圓潤之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)更有勁(jing)節(jie)，飛動之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)更帶韌(ren)性，融(rong)北朝的(de)雄渾遒逸(yi)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)唐的(de)肥勁(jing)寬(kuan)博于一爐，勁(jing)立(li)拔豪宕，姿(zi)態(tai)飛動。

結體

《爭座位帖》以行書(shu)為體(ti)，草書(shu)輔之。結(jie)字是(shi)正書(shu)中(zhong)快寫(xie)縱(zong)逸，以筆勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)婉健流動為契機來發行、草之變(bian)，既富“飛動詭(gui)形異(yi)狀(zhuang)”之態，又不失有(you)(you)凝(ning)重勁拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)韻(yun)。它與《祭(ji)侄稿》一樣沒有(you)(you)刻意做作的(de)(de)(de)(de)成分，是(shi)一種在自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)傾訴式的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)寫(xie)中(zhong)達到了書(shu)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極則，將(jiang)本我的(de)(de)(de)(de)真、藝術(shu)內質的(de)(de)(de)(de)美、空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)騰挪起伏(fu)表現融為一體(ti)。

章法

從(cong)章(zhang)法(fa)上看，《爭(zheng)座位帖》通篇構成(cheng)了自然疊(die)嶂、雄逸茂暢、舒和爛漫的心靈圖畫，一派(pai)天(tian)機之中，凜(lin)冽正義的精神凸出。使人從(cong)中可以體味出顏真卿剛強耿直、樸(pu)素(su)敦(dun)厚的性格。因為寫的是書信，是草稿(gao)書，所以信手(shou)寫來，故而(er)前松后緊，行疏字密，大小(xiao)粗細(xi)相(xiang)間，加上圈誤補遺，多處(chu)修改，無有(you)任(ren)何(he)安排之意，顯得(de)自然優雅，任(ren)意奔放。

作品評價

北宋書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)蘇軾(shi)《東坡題(ti)跋(ba)·題(ti)魯公書(shu)草》：“比公他書(shu)尤為奇特，信乎(hu)自然，動有(you)姿態(tai)。”

北宋書法家米芾《寶(bao)章(zhang)待訪(fang)錄(lu)》：“禿(tu)筆(bi)，字字意(yi)相連屬，飛(fei)動詭形異狀(zhuang)，得于(yu)意(yi)外也。世之顏(yan)行第一書也。”

清(qing)代書(shu)法家(jia)王澍《虛舟題跋》：“三稿皆公奇(qi)絕(jue)之(zhi)作(zuo)，《祭侄》奇(qi)古蒙宕，《告伯父》淵(yuan)潤從容，至《論座》則兼有《祭侄》《告伯》兩稿之(zhi)奇(qi)，情結不同，書(shu)隨之(zhi)異，所以直入神(shen)品，足(zu)為《蘭亭》后勁也”。

清(qing)代學(xue)者(zhe)阮元(yuan)《顏魯公爭座位(wei)帖(tie)跋》：“《爭座位(wei)帖(tie)》如熔金出冶，隨(sui)地流(liu)走，元(yuan)氣渾然，不(bu)復以姿媚(mei)為念。夫不(bu)復以姿媚(mei)為念者(zhe)，其品乃高，所以此(ci)帖(tie)為行書之極致。”

清代書(shu)法家何紹基：“此帖筆法之(zhi)(zhi)佳，當在《蘭亭》之(zhi)(zhi)上。”

清末民初學者楊(yang)守(shou)敬《學書(shu)邇言》：“行書(shu)自右軍(jun)后(hou)，以魯(lu)公此帖為創格，絕去姿媚，獨(du)標古勁。”

其他信息

歷史傳承

《爭座(zuo)位(wei)帖》稿本(ben)(ben)墨跡北宋時藏于長安安師文處(chu)，安氏據(ju)以(yi)摹勒刻(ke)石(shi)，后安家(jia)兄弟分家(jia)，將真跡一剖為(wei)二，其(qi)后又輾轉進入內府，自此再無下落，不知所終。惟其(qi)刻(ke)石(shi)今尚存西安碑林，世稱(cheng)“關中本(ben)(ben)”、“陜刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)”。好事者(zhe)因以(yi)該(gai)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)底本(ben)(ben)反復翻(fan)刻(ke)，翻(fan)本(ben)(ben)眾多(duo)，良莠不齊(qi)，以(yi)宋拓為(wei)最珍。

宋(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)之中，據王壯弘《崇善樓筆(bi)記》載，以晚(wan)清四大(da)藏(zang)書樓之鐵琴銅劍樓藏(zang)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)為(wei)(wei)第(di)一，惜今(jin)已不知尚存(cun)人間(jian)否。而存(cun)世之宋(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)，以吳榮光、潘仕成、梁啟超(chao)遞藏(zang)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)為(wei)(wei)第(di)一。翁方綱題跋定為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)，民國七年有正書局亦作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)影印出版，鄭孝胥有跋，復為(wei)(wei)梁啟超(chao)重金購藏(zang)，今(jin)入國家圖(tu)書館(guan)善本(ben)特藏(zang)部，為(wei)(wei)當今(jin)學術界公(gong)認之北(bei)(bei)宋(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)。

此(ci)外，還有何紹基題(ti)跋(ba)宋拓本，今(jin)在上海(hai)圖書館，為國(guo)家一級文物。其次，則有啟(qi)功題(ti)跋(ba)、妙(miao)鑒齋藏南宋拓本。