《爭座位(wei)帖》,又名《論座帖》《爭座位(wei)稿》《與郭仆(pu)射書》,為(wei)唐廣德二年(764年)十一月(yue)顏真卿致尚書右仆(pu)射、定襄郡王(wang)郭英乂的信函(han),是顏真卿行草(cao)書法的代表作,原跡已佚,刻石存西安碑林。
《爭座位帖》原(yuan)稿用(yong)唐畿縣獄狀磓(dui)熟(shu)紙寫就,共(gong)七頁,禿筆書,有(you)夾行(xing)(xing)小注和勾改痕跡(ji),短(duan)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)計(ji)共(gong)六(liu)十八行(xing)(xing),全文(wen)(wen)計(ji)一千一百九十三字。顏(yan)(yan)真卿(qing)在信中直指(zhi)郭英乂于安福寺(si)興(xing)道會上藐視禮(li)儀(yi),諂媚宦官(guan)魚朝恩,致其禮(li)遇高于六(liu)部尚書之事,字里行(xing)(xing)間洋溢(yi)著忠義之氣。該帖隨意自如,揮(hui)灑有(you)度,為歷代書家所重,與王(wang)羲之的《蘭亭集序》并稱行(xing)(xing)書“雙璧(bi)”,又與《祭侄(zhi)文(wen)(wen)稿》《告(gao)伯(bo)父文(wen)(wen)稿》并稱為“顏(yan)(yan)氏三稿”。
十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月日,金(jin)紫(zi)光祿大夫檢校邢部尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)柱國(guo)(guo)魯郡開(kai)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)顏真(zhen)卿,謹奉寓書(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)右(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)定襄郡王(wang)郭(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)閣(ge)下(xia)(xia),蓋太(tai)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)立德(de),其次有(you)(you)(you)立功(gong),是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。抑又聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),端揆者(zhe),百(bai)寮(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師長。諸侯(hou)王(wang)者(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極地,今(jin)(jin)(jin)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)業,當人(ren)(ren)(ren)臣極地。豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)才為(wei)(wei)世出,功(gong)冠一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)。挫(cuo)思明(ming)跋扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師,抗回紇無厭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請(qing),故得(de)(de)身畫(hua)淩煙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣(ge),名(ming)藏(zang)太(tai)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷,吁足畏也(ye)。然(ran)美則美矣,然(ran)而(er)(er)終(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)難(nan)。故曰:滿(man)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長守富也(ye)。高(gao)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長守貴(gui)(gui)也(ye)。可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆懼乎(hu)?書(shu)(shu)(shu)曰:爾(er)唯(wei)弗矜(jin),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)莫與汝(ru)爭(zheng)功(gong)。爾(er)唯(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐,天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)莫與汝(ru)爭(zheng)能(neng)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齊桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛業,片(pian)言勤王(wang),則九(jiu)合諸侯(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匡天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。葵丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)(hui),微(wei)有(you)(you)(you)振矜(jin),而(er)(er)叛者(zhe)九(jiu)國(guo)(guo)。故曰:行百(bai)里(li)者(zhe)半九(jiu)十里(li),言晚節(jie)未路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)也(ye)。從(cong)古(gu)(gu)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin),自(zi)(zi)我高(gao)祖太(tai)宗已來,未有(you)(you)(you)行此(ci)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理,廢此(ci)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)也(ye)。前者(zhe)菩提寺行香,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)指麾宰相與兩省三(san)省已下(xia)(xia)常參官并為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行坐,魚(yu)開(kai)府及(ji)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)率諸軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行坐,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)從(cong)權(quan),亦(yi)猶未可(ke)。何(he)況積習更行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郭(guo)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)父子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),破犬羊兇逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong),眾(zhong)(zhong)情欣喜,恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂而(er)(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)用有(you)(you)(you)興道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)(hui),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟(wu)前失。徑率意而(er)(er)指麾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧班(ban)秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)下(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),茍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取悅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容為(wei)(wei)心。曾(ceng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧百(bai)寮(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側目,亦(yi)何(he)異清畫(hua)攫(jue)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士哉?甚(shen)非(fei)(fei)謂(wei)也(ye)。君(jun)子(zi)愛人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊見(jian)聞(wen)姑息(xi)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?真(zhen)卿偶聞(wen)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren),清修梵行,深入(ru)(ru)佛(fo)海(hai),況乎(hu)收東京有(you)(you)(you)殄(tian)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,守陜城有(you)(you)(you)戴天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),所(suo)共景仰(yang),豈獨有(you)(you)(you)分於(wu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)哉。加(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利衰涂割,恬然(ran)於(wu)心。固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毀(hui)加(jia)(jia)怒,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬(jing)加(jia)(jia)喜。尚(shang)何(he)半席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)咫尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地能(neng)泊(bo)其志哉。且鄉里(li)上(shang)(shang)齒,宗廟上(shang)(shang)爵,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷上(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei),皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)等威,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)長幼(you)。故得(de)(de)彝倫(lun)敘而(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)和平也(ye)。且上(shang)(shang)自(zi)(zi)宰相御史(shi)大夫兩省五品以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)供奉官自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行,十二(er)(er)衛大將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)師三(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)少師保(bao)傅尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)侍郎自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行,九(jiu)鄉三(san)監對(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),從(cong)古(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran),未嘗參錯,至(zhi)如(ru)節(jie)度(du)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),各有(you)(you)(you)本班(ban)卿監之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei),縱是(shi)開(kai)府特(te)進,并是(shi)勛官,用蔭即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)卑(bei),會(hui)(hui)燕合依倫(lun)敘,豈可(ke)裂(lie)冠毀(hui)冕,反易彜(yi)倫(lun),貴(gui)(gui)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)卑(bei)所(suo)凌,尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)賤所(suo)逼,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)於(wu)此(ci),振古(gu)(gu)未聞(wen)。如(ru)魚(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容階雖開(kai)府,官即(ji)監門將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷列位(wei)(wei),自(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)次敘,但(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)績既(ji)高(gao),恩澤莫二(er)(er),出入(ru)(ru)王(wang)命(ming),眾(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢為(wei)(wei)此(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)居本位(wei)(wei),須(xu)別(bie)示(shi)有(you)(you)(you)尊(zun)(zun)崇,只可(ke)于(yu)宰相師保(bao)座(zuo)(zuo)南(nan),橫(heng)安一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei),如(ru)御史(shi)臺眾(zhong)(zhong)尊(zun)(zun)知難(nan)事(shi)御史(shi),別(bie)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)榻,使百(bai)寮(liao)共得(de)(de)瞻仰(yang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)可(ke)乎(hu)?圣(sheng)皇時(shi),開(kai)府高(gao)力(li)士承(cheng)恩傅宣,亦(yi)只如(ru)此(ci)橫(heng)座(zuo)(zuo),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)禮數(shu)。亦(yi)何(he)必令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)他失位(wei)(wei),如(ru)李輔(fu)國(guo)(guo)倚承(cheng)恩澤,徑居左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)及(ji)三(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)疑怪乎(hu)?古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)云(yun):益(yi)者(zhe)三(san)友,損(sun)者(zhe)三(san)友,愿(yuan)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容為(wei)(wei)直諒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容佞柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友。又一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨裴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)誤(wu)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)承(cheng)勾(gou)嘗尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu),嘗時(shi)輒有(you)(you)(you)訓對(dui)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)恃(shi)貴(gui)(gui),張目見(jian)尤,介眾(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)顯過(guo)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)者(zhe)與道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)(hui),還爾(er)遂非(fei)(fei),再(zai)謁(ye)八座(zuo)(zuo)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu),欲(yu)(yu)(yu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)便向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)座(zuo)(zuo)。州縣軍(jun)(jun)(jun)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,亦(yi)恐(kong)(kong)未然(ran)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷公(gong)(gong)(gong)宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)此(ci)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)既(ji)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)此(ci),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)意只應(ying)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)州佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與縣令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)乎(hu)?若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)同(tong)于(yu)縣令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)見(jian)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),得(de)(de)如(ru)上(shang)(shang)佐事(shi)刺史(shi)乎(hu)?益(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣。今(jin)(jin)(jin)既(ji)三(san)廳(ting)齊列,足明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)刺史(shi)且尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)與仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),同(tong)是(shi)二(er)(er)品,只校上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階,六朝(chao)(chao)(chao)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)并正三(san)品,又非(fei)(fei)隔品致敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)禮數(shu)未敢有(you)(you)(you)失。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu),何(he)乃欲(yu)(yu)(yu)同(tong)卑(bei)吏(li)?又據(ju)宋書(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)官志,八座(zuo)(zuo)同(tong)是(shi)第三(san)品,隋及(ji)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)始(shi)升,別(bie)作二(er)(er)品。高(gao)自(zi)(zi)標(biao)致,誠則尊(zun)(zun)崇,向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)擠排,無乃傷甚(shen)況再(zai)於(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)堂(tang),猲咄常伯(bo),當為(wei)(wei)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)初到,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)紛(fen)披,黽勉就命(ming),亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)理屈。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷紀綱(gang),須(xu)共存(cun)立,遇爾(er)隳壞,亦(yi)恐(kong)(kong)及(ji)身。明(ming)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)忽震電含怒,責轂彜(yi)倫(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)其將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)何(he)辭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)。
《爭座位(wei)帖(tie)》是顏真卿寫給郭英(ying)(ying)乂的一封(feng)書信的草稿。事情的起因是唐朝(chao)的中興名將(jiang)郭子儀(yi)凱旋(xuan)還朝(chao),代宗命文武百官于(yu)(yu)長安城舉(ju)(ju)行歡迎儀(yi)式(shi)。負責(ze)安排百官排列次(ci)序的郭英(ying)(ying)乂為取悅于(yu)(yu)大宦官魚朝(chao)恩,不顧朝(chao)廷(ting)規制(zhi),刻(ke)意將(jiang)魚朝(chao)恩的座位(wei)排在品階(jie)比他高的幾(ji)位(wei)尚(shang)書之前。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)這樣(yang)露骨的獻媚之舉(ju)(ju),一向(xiang)以正(zheng)色立朝(chao)的顏真卿憤然致(zhi)書郭英(ying)(ying)乂,對(dui)其所作所為進行嚴(yan)詞斥責(ze)。
顏(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿(qing)(709年(nian)(nian)—784年(nian)(nian)),字清臣,京兆萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)(今(jin)陜西(xi)西(xi)安)人,祖籍瑯(lang)玡臨沂(今(jin)山東(dong)臨沂),唐朝名臣、書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)。顏(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿(qing)擅長行(xing)、楷(kai),初學褚遂良,后(hou)師從張(zhang)旭,得(de)其(qi)(qi)筆法(fa),其(qi)(qi)正楷(kai)端莊雄偉,行(xing)書(shu)氣勢遒勁,創“顏(yan)(yan)體”楷(kai)書(shu),對后(hou)世(shi)影響(xiang)很大,與趙孟(meng)頫、柳(liu)公權、歐陽詢并稱為(wei)(wei)“楷(kai)書(shu)四(si)大家(jia)”,又與柳(liu)公權并稱“顏(yan)(yan)柳(liu)”,被稱為(wei)(wei)“顏(yan)(yan)筋柳(liu)骨(gu)”。
《爭座(zuo)位帖》不少筆(bi)(bi)意是(shi)從顏書楷體演化而來,寫得更(geng)(geng)為疾速,更(geng)(geng)為放逸,書風跌宕浪漫,全以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)鋒用筆(bi)(bi),氣足意滿,殺(sha)紙之氣溢于紙外,似乎天地之間(jian)貫穿(chuan)著(zhu)股豪邁(mai)的(de)正義力量,無堅不摧(cui)。雖是(shi)信手寫來,但筆(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)之中(zhong)(zhong)氣韻飽滿,靜動有態,大(da)小參差。以(yi)直筆(bi)(bi)為主,渾(hun)厚藏拙(zhuo),質(zhi)樸蒼(cang)勁,奇偉秀拔,筆(bi)(bi)勢縱橫,筆(bi)(bi)力矯健,筆(bi)(bi)鋒雄(xiong)(xiong)勁爽利。《爭座(zuo)位帖》筆(bi)(bi)法中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)圓(yuan)勁,是(shi)篆籀的(de)生化,在圓(yuan)潤(run)之中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)(geng)有勁節,飛(fei)(fei)動之中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)(geng)帶韌性,融北朝的(de)雄(xiong)(xiong)渾(hun)遒逸和中(zhong)(zhong)唐的(de)肥勁寬博(bo)于一爐,勁立拔豪宕,姿(zi)態飛(fei)(fei)動。
《爭座位帖》以行(xing)書(shu)為體,草(cao)書(shu)輔之(zhi)。結字(zi)是正書(shu)中快寫縱(zong)逸,以筆勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)婉(wan)健流動(dong)為契(qi)機來發行(xing)、草(cao)之(zhi)變,既富“飛動(dong)詭(gui)形異狀”之(zhi)態,又不失有凝重勁拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)韻。它與《祭侄稿》一(yi)樣沒有刻意(yi)做作的(de)(de)(de)(de)成分,是一(yi)種在自(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)傾訴式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)寫中達(da)到(dao)了書(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)極則,將本我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真、藝術內質的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)、空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)騰(teng)挪起伏(fu)表(biao)現融為一(yi)體。
從(cong)章法上(shang)看,《爭座位帖(tie)》通(tong)篇構成了自(zi)(zi)然(ran)疊(die)嶂、雄逸茂暢、舒和爛漫的(de)心靈(ling)圖畫(hua),一派天(tian)機(ji)之中(zhong),凜冽正義(yi)的(de)精神凸出。使人(ren)從(cong)中(zhong)可以體(ti)味出顏真卿剛(gang)強(qiang)耿直、樸素敦厚(hou)的(de)性格。因為寫(xie)的(de)是(shi)書(shu)(shu)信,是(shi)草稿書(shu)(shu),所以信手寫(xie)來,故而(er)前松后緊,行疏字密,大(da)小粗細相間(jian),加上(shang)圈誤補遺,多(duo)處修改,無有任(ren)何安排之意(yi),顯得(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)優(you)雅,任(ren)意(yi)奔放。
北宋書(shu)法家蘇軾《東坡(po)題跋·題魯公書(shu)草》:“比公他書(shu)尤為奇(qi)特(te),信乎自然(ran),動有(you)姿態。”
北宋書(shu)法家米芾《寶章待訪錄》:“禿筆,字字意相連屬,飛動詭形(xing)異狀(zhuang),得(de)于意外也(ye)。世(shi)之顏行第一書(shu)也(ye)。”
清代(dai)書法家王(wang)澍《虛舟題跋》:“三稿皆公奇絕(jue)之作,《祭侄(zhi)》奇古蒙宕,《告(gao)(gao)伯父》淵潤從容(rong),至《論座》則兼有《祭侄(zhi)》《告(gao)(gao)伯》兩稿之奇,情結不同,書隨(sui)之異,所以直入神品,足為(wei)《蘭亭(ting)》后勁也”。
清代(dai)學(xue)者阮(ruan)元《顏魯公爭座位(wei)帖(tie)(tie)跋》:“《爭座位(wei)帖(tie)(tie)》如(ru)熔金(jin)出冶,隨地流走,元氣渾然,不復以(yi)(yi)姿媚(mei)為(wei)念。夫不復以(yi)(yi)姿媚(mei)為(wei)念者,其品乃(nai)高,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)此帖(tie)(tie)為(wei)行書(shu)之(zhi)極致。”
清代書(shu)法(fa)家何紹(shao)基(ji):“此帖筆(bi)法(fa)之佳(jia),當(dang)在《蘭(lan)亭》之上。”
清末民初學者楊守敬《學書(shu)邇言》:“行書(shu)自右軍(jun)后,以魯公此(ci)帖為創格(ge),絕去(qu)姿(zi)媚,獨標古勁。”
《爭座位帖》稿本(ben)(ben)墨跡北(bei)宋時藏于長安(an)安(an)師(shi)文處,安(an)氏據以(yi)摹(mo)勒(le)刻石,后安(an)家兄(xiong)弟分(fen)家,將(jiang)真(zhen)跡一剖為二,其后又輾(zhan)轉進入內府,自此再無下落,不知所終(zhong)。惟其刻石今尚存西(xi)安(an)碑林,世稱“關中本(ben)(ben)”、“陜刻本(ben)(ben)”。好(hao)事者因以(yi)該本(ben)(ben)為底本(ben)(ben)反復翻(fan)刻,翻(fan)本(ben)(ben)眾多,良莠不齊,以(yi)宋拓為最珍。
宋拓(tuo)(tuo)之(zhi)中(zhong),據王壯弘《崇善樓筆記(ji)》載,以晚清(qing)四大藏(zang)(zang)書樓之(zhi)鐵(tie)琴銅劍樓藏(zang)(zang)北(bei)宋拓(tuo)(tuo)本為第(di)一,惜(xi)今已不知尚(shang)存(cun)人間否。而(er)存(cun)世之(zhi)宋拓(tuo)(tuo),以吳榮光、潘仕成、梁啟超遞藏(zang)(zang)北(bei)宋拓(tuo)(tuo)本為第(di)一。翁方綱題跋定為北(bei)宋,民國(guo)七年有正書局亦作(zuo)為北(bei)宋拓(tuo)(tuo)本影印出版,鄭孝胥有跋,復為梁啟超重金(jin)購藏(zang)(zang),今入國(guo)家圖書館善本特(te)藏(zang)(zang)部,為當(dang)今學(xue)術界公認之(zhi)北(bei)宋拓(tuo)(tuo)本。
此外,還有何紹基(ji)題跋(ba)(ba)宋拓本,今在上海(hai)圖(tu)書(shu)館,為國家一級文物。其(qi)次(ci),則(ze)有啟(qi)功(gong)題跋(ba)(ba)、妙鑒(jian)齋藏南宋拓本。