《爭(zheng)座(zuo)位(wei)(wei)帖》,又名《論座(zuo)帖》《爭(zheng)座(zuo)位(wei)(wei)稿》《與郭(guo)仆(pu)射書(shu)》,為(wei)唐廣德二年(764年)十一月顏(yan)真卿致尚書(shu)右仆(pu)射、定襄郡王郭(guo)英(ying)乂的(de)信函,是(shi)顏(yan)真卿行草(cao)書(shu)法(fa)的(de)代表(biao)作,原跡(ji)已(yi)佚,刻石存西安碑(bei)林。
《爭座位帖》原(yuan)稿用唐畿縣(xian)獄(yu)狀磓熟(shu)紙寫就,共七頁,禿筆(bi)書(shu),有(you)夾(jia)行(xing)小注和(he)勾改痕跡(ji),短行(xing)不計共六十(shi)八行(xing),全文計一千一百九十(shi)三字。顏(yan)真(zhen)卿在信中直指郭英乂于安福(fu)寺興(xing)道會上(shang)藐視禮(li)儀,諂媚宦(huan)官魚朝恩(en),致其禮(li)遇高于六部尚書(shu)之事,字里行(xing)間洋溢著忠義之氣(qi)。該帖隨意自(zi)如,揮灑有(you)度,為歷(li)代書(shu)家所重,與王羲(xi)之的(de)《蘭亭集序》并稱行(xing)書(shu)“雙璧”,又(you)與《祭侄文稿》《告(gao)伯父(fu)文稿》并稱為“顏(yan)氏三稿”。
十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月日,金紫光祿(lu)大夫檢校邢部尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)柱國(guo)魯郡開(kai)(kai)國(guo)公顏真(zhen)卿,謹奉(feng)寓書(shu)(shu)於右(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)定襄郡王(wang)郭(guo)公閣(ge)下(xia),蓋太上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)立(li)德,其(qi)次有(you)(you)(you)(you)立(li)功(gong)(gong),是(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。抑又(you)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),端揆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百(bai)寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi)長(chang)。諸侯王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)地,今(jin)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)業,當人臣極(ji)地。豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)才為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世出,功(gong)(gong)冠(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)。挫(cuo)思(si)明(ming)(ming)跋(ba)扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi),抗回紇無(wu)厭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請,故得身畫(hua)淩煙(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣(ge),名(ming)藏太室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷(ting),吁足畏也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)美(mei)則美(mei)矣,然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)終之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)難。故曰(yue):滿而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長(chang)守富(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長(chang)守貴也(ye)(ye)(ye)。可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆懼(ju)乎?書(shu)(shu)曰(yue):爾(er)(er)唯弗矜,天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)莫(mo)與(yu)汝爭功(gong)(gong)。爾(er)(er)唯不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐,天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)莫(mo)與(yu)汝爭能(neng)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齊桓公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)業,片言(yan)勤(qin)王(wang),則九合(he)諸侯,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)。葵丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),微有(you)(you)(you)(you)振矜,而(er)(er)叛(pan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九國(guo)。故曰(yue):行(xing)百(bai)里(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半九十(shi)里(li),言(yan)晚節(jie)未路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難也(ye)(ye)(ye)。從古(gu)(gu)至今(jin),自(zi)我(wo)高(gao)(gao)祖太宗已(yi)來(lai),未有(you)(you)(you)(you)行(xing)此(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理,廢(fei)此(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)菩提寺(si)行(xing)香,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)指麾宰(zai)相與(yu)兩(liang)省(sheng)三(san)(san)省(sheng)已(yi)下(xia)常參(can)官(guan)并為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)坐(zuo),魚(yu)開(kai)(kai)府(fu)及仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)率諸軍(jun)將為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)坐(zuo),若一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)從權,亦(yi)(yi)猶未可。何(he)(he)況積習(xi)更行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郭(guo)令(ling)(ling)(ling)公父子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun),破犬羊兇逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong),眾(zhong)(zhong)情欣喜(xi),恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂而(er)(er)戴(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)興道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟前失(shi)。徑率意而(er)(er)指麾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧班(ban)秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)下(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左右(you),茍(gou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取悅軍(jun)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)。曾(ceng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧百(bai)寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側(ce)目,亦(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)異(yi)清畫(hua)攫(jue)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)哉?甚(shen)非謂也(ye)(ye)(ye)。君子(zi)愛(ai)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊見(jian)聞(wen)姑息。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?真(zhen)卿偶聞(wen)軍(jun)容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人,清修(xiu)梵行(xing),深入佛海,況乎收東京有(you)(you)(you)(you)殄城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,守陜城有(you)(you)(you)(you)戴(dai)(dai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong),朝(chao)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,所(suo)(suo)(suo)共景仰,豈獨(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)分於仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)哉。加(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利衰(shuai)涂割,恬然(ran)(ran)(ran)於心(xin)。固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毀加(jia)怒(nu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬加(jia)喜(xi)。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)何(he)(he)半席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)咫尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地能(neng)泊(bo)其(qi)志(zhi)哉。且鄉里(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)齒,宗廟上(shang)(shang)(shang)爵,朝(chao)廷(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei)(wei),皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)等威,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)長(chang)幼。故得彝倫敘而(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)和平也(ye)(ye)(ye)。且上(shang)(shang)(shang)自(zi)宰(zai)相御(yu)史(shi)大夫兩(liang)省(sheng)五(wu)品(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)供(gong)奉(feng)官(guan)自(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing),十(shi)二衛(wei)大將軍(jun)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)師(shi)三(san)(san)公令(ling)(ling)(ling)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)少師(shi)保傅尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)左右(you)侍郎自(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing),九鄉三(san)(san)監對(dui)(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),從古(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran)(ran),未嘗參(can)錯,至如(ru)(ru)節(jie)度軍(jun)將,各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)本班(ban)卿監之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)。將軍(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)將軍(jun)位(wei)(wei)(wei),縱是(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)府(fu)特進,并是(shi)(shi)勛(xun)官(guan),用(yong)蔭即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)卑(bei),會(hui)燕合(he)依倫敘,豈可裂冠(guan)毀冕,反易彜(yi)倫,貴者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卑(bei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)凌,尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賤所(suo)(suo)(suo)逼(bi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至於此(ci)(ci),振古(gu)(gu)未聞(wen)。如(ru)(ru)魚(yu)軍(jun)容(rong)階雖開(kai)(kai)府(fu),官(guan)即(ji)監門將軍(jun),朝(chao)廷(ting)列位(wei)(wei)(wei),自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)次敘,但以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)(gong)績既(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao),恩澤(ze)(ze)莫(mo)二,出入王(wang)命,眾(zhong)(zhong)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可令(ling)(ling)(ling)居本位(wei)(wei)(wei),須別示有(you)(you)(you)(you)尊(zun)崇,只可于宰(zai)相師(shi)保座(zuo)南,橫安一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei)(wei),如(ru)(ru)御(yu)史(shi)臺(tai)眾(zhong)(zhong)尊(zun)知難事御(yu)史(shi),別置一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)榻,使(shi)百(bai)寮共得瞻仰,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)(yi)可乎?圣皇(huang)時(shi),開(kai)(kai)府(fu)高(gao)(gao)力士(shi)承恩傅宣,亦(yi)(yi)只如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)橫座(zuo),亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)別有(you)(you)(you)(you)禮數。亦(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)必(bi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)他失(shi)位(wei)(wei)(wei),如(ru)(ru)李輔國(guo)倚(yi)承恩澤(ze)(ze),徑居左右(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)及三(san)(san)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。令(ling)(ling)(ling)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)疑怪乎?古(gu)(gu)人云:益者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)友(you)(you),損(sun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)友(you)(you),愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)軍(jun)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直諒(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友(you)(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)軍(jun)容(rong)佞柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友(you)(you)。又(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨裴仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)誤欲令(ling)(ling)(ling)左右(you)承勾(gou)嘗尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu),嘗時(shi)輒有(you)(you)(you)(you)訓對(dui)(dui)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)恃貴,張(zhang)目見(jian)尤,介(jie)眾(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲顯過。今(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),還爾(er)(er)遂(sui)非,再謁八座(zuo)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu),欲令(ling)(ling)(ling)便向(xiang)下(xia)座(zuo)。州(zhou)縣軍(jun)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,亦(yi)(yi)恐未然(ran)(ran)(ran)。朝(chao)廷(ting)公宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)若此(ci)(ci)。今(jin)既(ji)(ji)若此(ci)(ci),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)意只應(ying)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。若州(zhou)佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)縣令(ling)(ling)(ling)乎?若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)同(tong)于縣令(ling)(ling)(ling),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)見(jian)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling),得如(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)(shang)佐事刺(ci)史(shi)乎?益不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)(ran)矣。今(jin)既(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)廳齊列,足明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)刺(ci)史(shi)且尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)(ling)與(yu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),同(tong)是(shi)(shi)二品(pin),只校上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階,六(liu)朝(chao)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)并正三(san)(san)品(pin),又(you)非隔(ge)品(pin)致敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)禮數未敢有(you)(you)(you)(you)失(shi)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu),何(he)(he)乃欲同(tong)卑(bei)吏?又(you)據(ju)宋書(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)官(guan)志(zhi),八座(zuo)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)第三(san)(san)品(pin),隋及國(guo)家始(shi)(shi)升,別作二品(pin)。高(gao)(gao)自(zi)標致,誠(cheng)則尊(zun)崇,向(xiang)下(xia)擠排,無(wu)乃傷甚(shen)況再於公堂,猲(xie)咄(duo)常伯,當為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)(ling)(ling)公初(chu)到(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲紛披(pi),黽勉就命,亦(yi)(yi)非理屈。朝(chao)廷(ting)紀(ji)綱,須共存(cun)立(li),遇爾(er)(er)隳壞,亦(yi)(yi)恐及身。明(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)忽震電含怒(nu),責轂彜(yi)倫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)其(qi)將何(he)(he)辭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)。
《爭座位帖》是(shi)顏(yan)真卿寫給(gei)郭(guo)英乂(yi)(yi)的(de)一封(feng)書(shu)信的(de)草稿。事情的(de)起(qi)因是(shi)唐朝(chao)的(de)中興名將郭(guo)子儀(yi)凱(kai)旋還(huan)朝(chao),代宗命(ming)文武百官于長安(an)城舉(ju)行歡迎儀(yi)式。負責(ze)安(an)排百官排列次序(xu)的(de)郭(guo)英乂(yi)(yi)為取(qu)悅于大宦官魚朝(chao)恩(en),不(bu)顧(gu)朝(chao)廷規(gui)制,刻意(yi)將魚朝(chao)恩(en)的(de)座位排在品(pin)階比他高(gao)的(de)幾位尚書(shu)之前(qian)。對(dui)于這樣(yang)露骨的(de)獻媚之舉(ju),一向以正色立(li)朝(chao)的(de)顏(yan)真卿憤然致(zhi)書(shu)郭(guo)英乂(yi)(yi),對(dui)其所作(zuo)所為進行嚴詞斥責(ze)。
顏(yan)真卿(qing)(709年—784年),字清(qing)臣,京(jing)兆萬年(今陜(shan)西西安)人,祖(zu)籍瑯玡臨沂(yi)(今山東臨沂(yi)),唐(tang)朝名(ming)臣、書(shu)法家。顏(yan)真卿(qing)擅長(chang)行、楷(kai),初學褚遂良,后師從張旭,得其(qi)(qi)筆法,其(qi)(qi)正楷(kai)端(duan)莊雄偉(wei),行書(shu)氣(qi)勢遒勁(jing),創(chuang)“顏(yan)體”楷(kai)書(shu),對后世影響(xiang)很(hen)大,與(yu)(yu)趙孟頫(fu)、柳(liu)公權、歐陽(yang)詢(xun)并稱為“楷(kai)書(shu)四(si)大家”,又(you)與(yu)(yu)柳(liu)公權并稱“顏(yan)柳(liu)”,被稱為“顏(yan)筋(jin)柳(liu)骨”。
《爭座位帖(tie)》不少(shao)筆(bi)意是(shi)(shi)(shi)從顏書(shu)楷體演化(hua)而來,寫(xie)得(de)更為疾(ji)速(su),更為放逸,書(shu)風跌宕浪漫(man),全(quan)以中(zhong)鋒(feng)用筆(bi),氣(qi)足意滿,殺紙之(zhi)氣(qi)溢(yi)于紙外,似(si)乎(hu)天地之(zhi)間貫穿著股(gu)豪邁的(de)(de)正義力量,無堅不摧。雖(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)信手(shou)寫(xie)來,但筆(bi)筆(bi)之(zhi)中(zhong)氣(qi)韻飽(bao)滿,靜動(dong)有(you)態,大(da)小參差(cha)。以直筆(bi)為主(zhu),渾(hun)(hun)厚藏拙,質(zhi)樸蒼勁(jing)(jing),奇偉秀拔(ba),筆(bi)勢縱橫,筆(bi)力矯健(jian),筆(bi)鋒(feng)雄勁(jing)(jing)爽利。《爭座位帖(tie)》筆(bi)法中(zhong)的(de)(de)圓(yuan)勁(jing)(jing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)篆籀的(de)(de)生化(hua),在圓(yuan)潤之(zhi)中(zhong)更有(you)勁(jing)(jing)節,飛動(dong)之(zhi)中(zhong)更帶韌性,融北朝的(de)(de)雄渾(hun)(hun)遒(qiu)逸和中(zhong)唐的(de)(de)肥勁(jing)(jing)寬(kuan)博于一爐,勁(jing)(jing)立(li)拔(ba)豪宕,姿(zi)態飛動(dong)。
《爭座位(wei)帖》以(yi)行書為(wei)(wei)體,草書輔之(zhi)。結字是正書中快寫(xie)縱逸,以(yi)筆(bi)勢的(de)(de)婉健流(liu)動為(wei)(wei)契機來發(fa)行、草之(zhi)變,既富(fu)“飛(fei)動詭形異狀”之(zhi)態,又(you)不失有凝重勁拔的(de)(de)神韻(yun)。它與(yu)《祭侄稿(gao)》一樣沒有刻意(yi)做作的(de)(de)成分,是一種在自然的(de)(de)傾(qing)訴式的(de)(de)書寫(xie)中達到(dao)了(le)書寫(xie)的(de)(de)極則,將本(ben)我的(de)(de)真、藝(yi)術內質的(de)(de)美、空間的(de)(de)騰挪起(qi)伏表(biao)現融(rong)為(wei)(wei)一體。
從(cong)章法上看,《爭座位帖》通篇構成了自(zi)然疊(die)嶂、雄(xiong)逸茂(mao)暢(chang)、舒和爛漫的(de)心靈圖畫(hua),一派天機之中(zhong),凜冽正義的(de)精神(shen)凸出。使人從(cong)中(zhong)可以體味出顏真卿剛強(qiang)耿(geng)直、樸素(su)敦厚的(de)性格。因為(wei)寫的(de)是書信,是草稿書,所(suo)以信手寫來,故而前松(song)后緊,行疏(shu)字密(mi),大小粗細相(xiang)間,加上圈誤補(bu)遺(yi),多(duo)處(chu)修改,無有(you)任(ren)何安排(pai)之意,顯得自(zi)然優(you)雅,任(ren)意奔放。
北(bei)宋(song)書法家蘇軾《東(dong)坡題跋·題魯公書草(cao)》:“比公他書尤為奇特,信乎自然,動有(you)姿態。”
北(bei)宋書(shu)法(fa)家米(mi)芾《寶章待(dai)訪錄》:“禿(tu)筆,字字意(yi)相連屬,飛動詭形異狀,得于意(yi)外也。世之顏行第(di)一書(shu)也。”
清代書法家王澍《虛舟題(ti)跋》:“三稿皆公(gong)奇(qi)(qi)(qi)絕之(zhi)(zhi)作,《祭侄》奇(qi)(qi)(qi)古蒙宕,《告伯父》淵潤從容,至《論座》則(ze)兼有《祭侄》《告伯》兩稿之(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)(qi),情結不同,書隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)異,所以直(zhi)入神(shen)品,足為《蘭亭》后勁(jing)也”。
清代(dai)學者阮元(yuan)(yuan)《顏魯公爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)跋》:“《爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)》如熔(rong)金出冶,隨(sui)地流走,元(yuan)(yuan)氣渾然(ran),不復(fu)(fu)以姿媚為(wei)念。夫不復(fu)(fu)以姿媚為(wei)念者,其品(pin)乃(nai)高,所以此帖(tie)為(wei)行書之極致。”
清代書(shu)法家(jia)何紹(shao)基(ji):“此(ci)帖筆法之(zhi)佳,當在《蘭(lan)亭》之(zhi)上。”
清末(mo)民初學(xue)者楊(yang)守(shou)敬《學(xue)書邇言》:“行書自(zi)右軍后,以魯公此帖為創格,絕(jue)去姿媚,獨標古(gu)勁。”
《爭座位帖》稿本(ben)(ben)墨跡(ji)北宋時藏于長安(an)安(an)師文(wen)處,安(an)氏(shi)據以摹勒(le)刻石(shi),后安(an)家(jia)兄弟分家(jia),將真跡(ji)一剖為(wei)二,其(qi)后又輾轉進入內府(fu),自(zi)此再無下(xia)落(luo),不知所終。惟其(qi)刻石(shi)今尚存(cun)西安(an)碑林,世稱“關中本(ben)(ben)”、“陜刻本(ben)(ben)”。好事者因以該本(ben)(ben)為(wei)底本(ben)(ben)反(fan)復(fu)翻(fan)刻,翻(fan)本(ben)(ben)眾多,良莠(you)不齊,以宋拓為(wei)最珍(zhen)。
宋(song)(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)之(zhi)中,據王(wang)壯弘《崇善(shan)樓筆記》載(zai),以(yi)晚清(qing)四大藏書樓之(zhi)鐵琴銅劍樓藏北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)第(di)一,惜今(jin)已不知尚存人間否。而存世之(zhi)宋(song)(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo),以(yi)吳榮光、潘仕成、梁啟超(chao)遞藏北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)第(di)一。翁方綱題跋(ba)定為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song),民國七年有正書局(ju)亦作為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)(ben)影印出版,鄭孝胥(xu)有跋(ba),復為(wei)(wei)梁啟超(chao)重金(jin)購藏,今(jin)入國家圖(tu)書館善(shan)本(ben)(ben)特藏部,為(wei)(wei)當今(jin)學術界公認之(zhi)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)(ben)。
此外,還有何紹基題(ti)跋宋(song)拓(tuo)本(ben),今(jin)在上海圖(tu)書館,為國家一級文物。其次,則有啟功題(ti)跋、妙鑒齋藏南(nan)宋(song)拓(tuo)本(ben)。