《多寶(bao)塔碑(bei)》全稱(cheng)為《大唐(tang)西京千(qian)福寺多寶(bao)佛塔感應(ying)碑(bei)》,是唐(tang)天寶(bao)十一年(752年)由當時的文(wen)人岑勛撰文(wen)、書(shu)法家(jia)(jia)徐浩(hao)題(ti)額、書(shu)法家(jia)(jia)顏真(zhen)卿書(shu)丹、碑(bei)刻家(jia)(jia)史華刻石而成,是楷書(shu)書(shu)法作品。現(xian)今保存于西安碑(bei)林第二室(shi)。
此碑(bei)共(gong)三十四行,滿行六十六字(zi),內容主要(yao)記載(zai)了西(xi)京龍(long)興寺禪師(shi)楚金創建多(duo)(duo)(duo)寶塔之(zhi)原(yuan)委及(ji)修建經過。整體(ti)秀美剛勁,清爽宜(yi)人,有簡潔(jie)明快,字(zi)字(zi)珠璣之(zhi)感(gan)。用筆(bi)(bi)豐厚遒美,腴潤(run)沉(chen)穩(wen);橫細(xi)豎粗(cu),對比強烈;起筆(bi)(bi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)露鋒(feng),收筆(bi)(bi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)回鋒(feng),轉折(zhe)多(duo)(duo)(duo)頓(dun)筆(bi)(bi)。結體(ti)嚴謹致密,緊湊規整,平穩(wen)勻稱,又碑(bei)版精良,存字(zi)較多(duo)(duo)(duo),學顏體(ti)者多(duo)(duo)(duo)從此碑(bei)下手(shou),入其堂奧。
(碑額)大唐西京千福(fu)寺多寶佛塔感(gan)應碑文。
南陽岑勛撰。
朝議郎判尚書武部(bu)員(yuan)外(wai)郎瑯邪顏真卿書。
朝(chao)散大夫檢校尚書都官郎中東(dong)海徐浩(hao)題額。
粵《妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮華(hua)(hua)》,諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘藏(zang)也(ye);多寶(bao)(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),證經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)踴現(xian)也(ye)。發(fa)明(ming)資乎(hu)(hu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li),弘建(jian)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)依。有禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)號楚金(jin),姓程(cheng),廣(guang)平人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。祖、父并(bing)京(jing)著釋門(men)(men)(men),慶歸(gui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)胤。母高(gao)氏,久(jiu)而(er)無(wu)妊,夜(ye)夢(meng)諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo),覺而(er)有娠。是(shi)生(sheng)龍(long)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征,無(wu)取(qu)熊羆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆。誕(dan)彌(mi)(mi)厥月(yue),炳然(ran)殊相。岐(qi)嶷(yi)絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葷茹,齠(tiao)齔不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)童游(you)。道(dao)(dao)樹萌芽,聳豫章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楨干;禪(chan)池畎澮,涵巨(ju)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)波濤。年(nian)甫七(qi)歲(sui),居(ju)然(ran)厭俗,自(zi)(zi)(zi)誓(shi)出家,禮藏(zang)探經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)》在(zai)(zai)手。宿(su)命潛悟(wu),如(ru)(ru)識金(jin)環(huan);總(zong)持(chi)不(bu)(bu)遺,若注瓶水(shui)。九(jiu)歲(sui)落發(fa),住(zhu)西京(jing)龍(long)興寺(si)(si),從(cong)僧(seng)箓也(ye)。進具(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),升座(zuo)講(jiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。頓收(shou)珍藏(zang),異窮(qiong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)走;直詣寶(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan),無(wu)化(hua)城而(er)可(ke)息。爾后(hou),因(yin)靜夜(ye)持(chi)誦至(zhi)(zhi)《多寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)品(pin)》,身(shen)(shen)(shen)心(xin)泊然(ran),如(ru)(ru)入(ru)禪(chan)定。忽見(jian)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),宛在(zai)(zai)目(mu)前,釋迦分(fen)身(shen)(shen)(shen),遍滿空界。行(xing)(xing)(xing)勤(qin)圣(sheng)(sheng)現(xian),業凈(jing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)深,悲生(sheng)悟(wu)中(zhong),淚(lei)下(xia)如(ru)(ru)雨。遂(sui)布衣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食(shi),不(bu)(bu)出戶(hu)庭,期(qi)滿六年(nian),誓(shi)建(jian)茲塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。既而(er)許(xu)王瓘及(ji)居(ju)士趙(zhao)崇(chong)、信女(nv)普(pu)意,善來(lai)稽首(shou),咸(xian)舍珍財。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輯(ji)莊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因(yin),資爽塏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),利見(jian)千(qian)(qian)(qian)福(fu),默議于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)。時千(qian)(qian)(qian)福(fu)有懷(huai)忍(ren)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),忽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)夜(ye),見(jian)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui),發(fa)源(yuan)龍(long)興,流(liu)(liu)注千(qian)(qian)(qian)福(fu),清澄泛滟,中(zhong)有方(fang)舟。又見(jian)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)空而(er)下(xia),久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)滅(mie),即今(jin)建(jian)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)處也(ye)。寺(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)凈(jing)人(ren)(ren)名法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相,先(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)地(di),復(fu)見(jian)燈光(guang)(guang),遠望則(ze)明(ming),近尋即滅(mie)。竊以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)開(kai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing),舟泛表(biao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慈航,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)現(xian)兆于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有成(cheng)(cheng),燈明(ming)示于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)盡:非至(zhi)(zhi)德精(jing)(jing)(jing)感(gan)(gan)(gan),其(qi)孰能(neng)與于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此?及(ji)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)言,雜然(ran)歡愜:負畚(ben)荷插,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)囊;登登憑(ping)憑(ping),是(shi)板是(shi)筑(zhu)。灑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)水(shui),隱以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)錘。我(wo)(wo)能(neng)竭誠(cheng),工乃(nai)(nai)用壯。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)每夜(ye)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筑(zhu)階所,懇志誦經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),勵精(jing)(jing)(jing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)(dao)。眾(zhong)聞天(tian)樂,咸(xian)嗅(xiu)異香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),喜嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音,圣(sheng)(sheng)凡相半。至(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)元載(zai)(zai),創構材木(mu),肇安相輪(lun)。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)會佛(fo)(fo)(fo)心(xin),感(gan)(gan)(gan)通(tong)帝(di)夢(meng)。七(qi)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)日(ri),敕(chi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)侍趙(zhao)思偘求(qiu)諸寶(bao)(bao)坊,驗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所夢(meng)。入(ru)寺(si)(si)見(jian)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),禮問(wen)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),圣(sheng)(sheng)夢(meng)有孚,法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)名惟肖。其(qi)日(ri),賜(si)錢五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)萬、絹千(qian)(qian)(qian)匹,助建(jian)修也(ye)。則(ze)知(zhi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing),雖(sui)先(xian)天(tian)而(er)不(bu)(bu)違;純如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),當后(hou)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)授記。昔漢(han)明(ming)永平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),大(da)化(hua)初流(liu)(liu);我(wo)(wo)皇(huang)天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)斯建(jian)。同符千(qian)(qian)(qian)古,昭(zhao)有烈光(guang)(guang)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時道(dao)(dao)俗景(jing)附,檀(tan)施(shi)山(shan)(shan)積,庀徒度(du)(du)財,功百(bai)(bai)其(qi)倍矣(yi)。至(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)載(zai)(zai),敕(chi)中(zhong)使楊(yang)順景(jing)宣旨,令禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)萼樓下(xia)迎多寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)額(e)。遂(sui)總(zong)僧(seng)事(shi),備(bei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)儀。宸(chen)眷俯臨,額(e)書下(xia)降,又賜(si)絹百(bai)(bai)匹。圣(sheng)(sheng)札(zha)飛(fei)毫,動(dong)云龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣象;天(tian)文(wen)(wen)掛(gua)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),駐(zhu)日(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝。至(zhi)(zhi)四(si)載(zai)(zai),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)事(shi)將就,表(biao)請慶齋,歸(gui)功帝(di)力(li)。時僧(seng)道(dao)(dao)四(si)部(bu)(bu)(bu),會逾萬人(ren)(ren)。有五(wu)色云,團輔(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂,眾(zhong)盡瞻睹,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)崩悅。大(da)哉觀(guan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)利,用賓(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)王。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)謂同學曰:鵬(peng)運滄溟(ming),非云羅(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)頓;心(xin)游(you)寂滅(mie),豈愛網(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)加?精(jing)(jing)(jing)進法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men),菩薩(sa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)強不(bu)(bu)息,本(ben)期(qi)同行(xing)(xing)(xing),復(fu)遂(sui)宿(su)心(xin)。鑿(zao)井見(jian)泥,去水(shui)不(bu)(bu)遠;鉆木(mu)未熱,得火何階?凡我(wo)(wo)七(qi)僧(seng),聿懷(huai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)志,晝夜(ye)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)下(xia),誦持(chi)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)》。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)煙不(bu)(bu)斷,經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)聲遞(di)續,炯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常,沒(mei)身(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)替。自(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)載(zai)(zai),每春秋二(er)(er)時,集同行(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)德四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)人(ren)(ren),行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三(san)昧。尋奉(feng)(feng)恩旨,許(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恒式。前后(hou)道(dao)(dao)場所感(gan)(gan)(gan)舍利,凡三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)粒(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)六載(zai)(zai),欲(yu)葬舍利,預嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)場,又降一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)八(ba)粒(li)(li);畫普(pu)賢變(bian),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)聯(lian)得一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)粒(li)(li)。莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)體(ti)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong),浮(fu)光(guang)(guang)瑩然(ran)。禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)我(wo)(wo)觀(guan)身(shen)(shen)(shen),了空求(qiu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),先(xian)刺血寫《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、《菩薩(sa)戒》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷、《觀(guan)普(pu)賢行(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷,乃(nai)(nai)取(qu)舍利三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)粒(li)(li),盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石(shi)函,兼造自(zi)(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)石(shi)影,跪而(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),同置塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)下(xia),表(biao)至(zhi)(zhi)敬也(ye)。使夫舟遷夜(ye)壑,無(wu)變(bian)度(du)(du)門(men)(men)(men);劫(jie)算墨塵,永垂(chui)貞范。又奉(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主上(shang)(shang)及(ji)蒼生(sheng)寫《妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(金(jin)字三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六部(bu)(bu)(bu)),用鎮寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。又寫一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu),散施(shi)受(shou)持(chi)。靈應既多,具(ju)如(ru)(ru)本(ben)傳(chuan)。其(qi)載(zai)(zai)敕(chi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)侍吳懷(huai)實賜(si)金(jin)銅(tong)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)爐,高(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)五(wu)尺,奉(feng)(feng)表(biao)陳謝,手詔批云:“師(shi)(shi)(shi)弘濟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿,感(gan)(gan)(gan)達人(ren)(ren)天(tian);莊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),義成(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)果(guo)。”則(ze)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施(shi)財施(shi),信所宜先(xian)也(ye)。主上(shang)(shang)握至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈符,受(shou)如(ru)(ru)來(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)印,非禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)慧超悟(wu),無(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宸(chen)衷,非主上(shang)(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)明(ming),無(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)誠(cheng)愿。倬彼寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)章梵宮。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,真僧(seng)是(shi)葺;克成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,圣(sheng)(sheng)主斯崇(chong)。爾其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)也(ye),則(ze)岳(yue)(yue)聳蓮披,云垂(chui)蓋(gai)偃,下(xia)欻(hu)崛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)踴地(di),上(shang)(shang)亭(ting)盈(ying)而(er)媚空,中(zhong)晻(an)晻(an)其(qi)靜深,旁赫赫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弘敞。碝(ruan)磩(qi)承陛,瑯玕綷檻,玉(yu)(yu)瑱居(ju)楹,銀黃拂戶(hu),重檐疊于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)畫栱,反宇環(huan)其(qi)璧珰。坤靈赑(bi)屃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)負砌,天(tian)祗儼雅(ya)而(er)翊戶(hu)。或復(fu)肩挐(上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加)摯鳥,肘擐修蛇,冠盤巨(ju)龍(long),帽(mao)抱猛獸(shou),勃如(ru)(ru)戰色,有奭其(qi)容。窮(qiong)繪事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆精(jing)(jing)(jing),選朝英(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偈贊。若乃(nai)(nai)開(kai)扃鐍,窺奧秘,二(er)(er)尊分(fen)座(zuo),疑對鷲山(shan)(shan),千(qian)(qian)(qian)帙發(fa)題,若觀(guan)龍(long)藏(zang),金(jin)碧炅(gui)晃,環(huan)佩葳蕤;至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列三(san)乘,分(fen)八(ba)部(bu)(bu)(bu),圣(sheng)(sheng)徒翕習,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)事(shi)森羅(luo)。方(fang)寸千(qian)(qian)(qian)名,盈(ying)尺萬象,大(da)身(shen)(shen)(shen)現(xian)小,廣(guang)座(zuo)能(neng)卑;須彌(mi)(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容,欻(hu)入(ru)芥子,寶(bao)(bao)蓋(gai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang),頓覆三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)。昔衡(heng)岳(yue)(yue)思大(da)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三(san)昧傳(chuan)悟(wu)天(tian)臺智者(zhe),爾來(lai)寂寥(liao),罕契真要。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)久(jiu)廢,生(sheng)我(wo)(wo)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),克嗣其(qi)業,繼明(ming)二(er)(er)祖,相望百(bai)(bai)年(nian)。夫其(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)也(ye),開(kai)玄關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)念,照圓(yuan)鏡于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang),指(zhi)陰界為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妙(miao)門(men)(men)(men),駈塵勞為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)侶,聚沙能(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)道(dao)(dao),合掌已(yi)入(ru)圣(sheng)(sheng)流(liu)(liu)。三(san)乘教(jiao)門(men)(men)(men),總(zong)而(er)歸(gui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);八(ba)萬法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)藏(zang),我(wo)(wo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)雄。譬猶滿月(yue)麗天(tian),螢光(guang)(guang)列宿(su);山(shan)(shan)王映海(hai),蟻垤群峰。嗟乎(hu)(hu),三(san)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉寐久(jiu)矣(yi)!佛(fo)(fo)(fo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)鐸,惟我(wo)(wo)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)超然(ran)深悟(wu)。其(qi)貌也(ye),岳(yue)(yue)瀆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀,冰雪(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姿,果(guo)唇貝齒,蓮目(mu)月(yue)面(mian)。望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厲,即之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫,睹相未言,而(er)降伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)已(yi)過(guo)半矣(yi)。同行(xing)(xing)(xing)禪(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)抱玉(yu)(yu)、飛(fei)錫,襲(xi)衡(heng)臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘躅,傳(chuan)止觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)義,或名高(gao)帝(di)選,或行(xing)(xing)(xing)密眾(zhong)師(shi)(shi)(shi),共弘開(kai)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong),盡契圓(yuan)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。門(men)(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)苾芻如(ru)(ru)巖、靈悟(wu)、凈(jing)真、真空、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)濟(ji)等,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定慧為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)質,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戒忍(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)剛(gang)柔,含樸玉(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝,等旃(zhan)檀(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei)繞(rao)。夫發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)因(yin),因(yin)圓(yuan)則(ze)福(fu)廣(guang);起因(yin)者(zhe)相,相遣則(ze)慧深。求(qiu)無(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),通(tong)解(jie)脫于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)字,舉事(shi)徵理(li),含毫強名。偈曰:
佛有(you)妙法,比(bi)象蓮華。圓(yuan)頓深入,真(zhen)凈(jing)無瑕。慧通法界,福利恒(heng)沙。直(zhi)至寶所,俱乘(cheng)大(da)車。(其一)
於(wu)戲上士(shi),發行正勤(qin)。緬想寶塔,思弘勝(sheng)因。圓階已就,層(ceng)覆初陳。乃昭帝夢,福應天人。(其(qi)二)
輪奐斯(si)崇,為(wei)章凈域。真僧草創,圣(sheng)主增飾。中座耽耽,飛檐翼(yi)翼(yi)。薦臻靈感,歸我帝力。(其三)
念彼后學(xue),心滯(zhi)迷封。昏衢(qu)未曉,中道難逢。常驚夜杌,還懼真龍。不有禪(chan)伯,誰明大(da)宗。(其四)
大海吞(tun)流,崇山納壤。教門稱頓,慈(ci)力能廣。功起聚沙,德成合(he)掌。開佛知見(jian),法為(wei)無上。(其(qi)五)
情(qing)塵雖雜,性海(hai)無漏(lou)。定(ding)養圣胎(tai),染生迷鷇。斷常起縛,空色同謬。薝(zhan)葡現前,馀香何嗅?(其六)
彤彤法(fa)宇,繄我四依。事該理暢(chang),玉(yu)粹金(jin)輝(hui)。慧(hui)鏡無垢,慈(ci)燈照微。空(kong)王可托,本(ben)愿同歸。(其七)
天寶十一載(zai),歲次壬辰,四月乙丑(chou)朔,廿二日(ri)戊戌建。
敕檢校塔使(shi):正議大夫行內侍趙思偘。判官:內府(fu)丞(cheng)車沖。檢校:僧(seng)義方。河南(nan)史(shi)華刻。
唐(tang)朝(chao)天寶(bao)年(nian)(nian)間,楚金禪師(shi)夜誦(song)《法華經(jing)》時,仿佛有多寶(bao)佛塔呈現(xian)眼前(qian),他想(xiang)把(ba)幻覺中(zhong)的多寶(bao)佛塔變為現(xian)實,誓志籌建(jian)。在修(xiu)造期間,甚(shen)至出(chu)現(xian)了(le)種種靈應(ying)和神(shen)奇的事情。這(zhe)份誠(cheng)意感動了(le)唐(tang)玄宗,于是賞賜錢帛(bo),并親題(ti)塔額(e)。經(jing)過4年(nian)(nian)的努力,多寶(bao)佛塔終于在天寶(bao)十一年(nian)(nian)(752年(nian)(nian))建(jian)成。
而(er)時任武部員外郎(lang)、44歲(sui)的(de)(de)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿被(bei)選中(zhong)來書寫碑文(wen)。顏(yan)(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿和(he)當時的(de)(de)大(da)多數知識(shi)分子一(yi)樣是(shi)正統的(de)(de)儒家(jia),但也信奉佛(fo)教,他的(de)(de)書法風格直(zhi)接“二王”、歐、虞、褚(chu)余(yu)風,而(er)又與唐人寫經有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)相似(si)之處。碑文(wen)的(de)(de)作(zuo)者岑(cen)勛(xun),是(shi)詩人岑(cen)參(can)的(de)(de)從弟(di);題寫碑額的(de)(de)徐浩,年長顏(yan)(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿6歲(sui),是(shi)當時的(de)(de)書法名家(jia),也是(shi)張旭的(de)(de)學生,這是(shi)他倆第(di)一(yi)次合作(zuo)書碑;史(shi)華則(ze)是(shi)當時的(de)(de)刻碑高手。
顏真卿(qing)(709年(nian)(nian)—784年(nian)(nian)),字清臣,小名羨(xian)門子,別(bie)號應方,京(jing)兆萬年(nian)(nian)(今陜西西安(an))人,唐(tang)代名臣、書法家。開元二十二年(nian)(nian)(734年(nian)(nian)),登進(jin)士第(di),歷任監(jian)察御史、殿中(zhong)侍御史。官至吏部尚(shang)書、太(tai)(tai)子太(tai)(tai)師(shi),封魯郡公(gong),人稱(cheng)“顏魯公(gong)”。與(yu)趙孟(meng)頫、柳公(gong)權(quan)、歐陽(yang)詢并稱(cheng)為(wei)“楷(kai)書四大家”。又與(yu)柳公(gong)權(quan)并稱(cheng)“顏柳”,被稱(cheng)為(wei)“顏筋(jin)柳骨(gu)”。代表作品(pin)有《多寶塔碑(bei)》《顏勤禮(li)碑(bei)》《祭侄文稿》等。
該碑用筆(bi)多中鋒(feng),起筆(bi)和(he)收筆(bi)有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)頓按。起筆(bi)藏鋒(feng)為主,兼用露鋒(feng),方(fang)圓(yuan)并(bing)用。有些(xie)橫畫起筆(bi)較為外露,不同于柳體的(de)(de)齊頭方(fang)腳,而(er)是稍(shao)存(cun)斜尖,并(bing)參(can)以(yi)含蓄的(de)(de)筆(bi)意(yi)使之變(bian)化(hua)豐富;收筆(bi)用頓筆(bi)和(he)回鋒(feng)的(de)(de)較多,強調“護尾”,尤其于橫畫中最為明(ming)顯,寫橫行至收筆(bi)處,常向右(you)下方(fang)重(zhong)按,頓筆(bi)回鋒(feng),體現出(chu)顏體的(de)(de)雄渾(hun)、大氣之韻,豎畫粗(cu)壯,渾(hun)厚力強。橫、豎筆(bi)畫粗(cu)細對(dui)比(bi)鮮明(ming),富節奏、韻律美感,也把顏體的(de)(de)一個“筋”的(de)(de)意(yi)味完整地表達出(chu)來(lai)。
顏體(ti)撇畫較輕盈挺健,捺畫卻粗壯有(you)力,有(you)“蠶頭燕尾(wei)”之(zhi)稱,給人以剛健的(de)動感,尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)捺腳(jiao)較長,頓(dun)挫后(hou)踢出開(kai)衩,含(han)蓄而(er)(er)又有(you)峻利之(zhi)感。另外,顏體(ti)捺畫的(de)捺腳(jiao)多(duo)(duo)與撇畫鋒尖持平(ping)或稍(shao)(shao)低(di),不似柳體(ti)的(de)撇低(di)捺高(gao),而(er)(er)呈現出一種(zhong)舒展沉穩(wen)(wen)之(zhi)美。《多(duo)(duo)寶塔碑》轉(zhuan)折變化較多(duo)(duo),主(zhu)要有(you)提聳肩頓(dun)挫和按筆削肩暗轉(zhuan)之(zhi)法,有(you)方有(you)圓,方圓兼施。該碑具有(you)唐楷“尚法”的(de)典型特征,結體(ti)寬博,布白較勻整,字型稍(shao)(shao)方,端莊(zhuang)平(ping)穩(wen)(wen),正(zheng)氣(qi)飽滿,已(yi)初顯顏體(ti)成熟期正(zheng)面示(shi)人、雄渾豪(hao)邁(mai)的(de)書(shu)風。
《多寶(bao)塔碑》整篇結構嚴密(mi),字(zi)行間有烏絲欄界格,其結體(ti)寬(kuan)博,布(bu)白較勻整,字(zi)型稍方,端莊平穩,正氣(qi)飽滿,布(bu)勢(shi)(shi)均(jun)勻,四周撐滿,故氣(qi)勢(shi)(shi)雄(xiong)偉,這是(shi)“顏(yan)體(ti)”佛書的又一(yi)特(te)色。顏(yan)真(zhen)卿的結體(ti),用的是(shi)“外拓”筆法,字(zi)勢(shi)(shi)方正,撇捺竭力(li)向左右拓展(zhan),氣(qi)勢(shi)(shi)博大恢(hui)弘。無(wu)論獨體(ti)字(zi),還是(shi)合體(ti)字(zi),都以中(zhong)心軸線為(wei)重(zhong)心,在結構處理上,既講究規矩,又生動活潑。在楷(kai)書史上還沒有一(yi)個人有過這樣(yang)的結體(ti)方式,尤其是(shi)捺腳,重(zhong)拙而(er)不(bu)作波曳之(zhi)狀(zhuang),線條澀重(zhong)雄(xiong)強,氣(qi)概(gai)非凡。
《多(duo)寶塔碑》的章法之美(mei):整幅作(zuo)品縱(zong)橫整齊。從(cong)縱(zong)看(kan),字的中(zhong)心在中(zhong)軸線上(shang);字的大小配合得當。整體雄偉恢弘,實也秀媚多(duo)姿(zi)。
明代學者孫鑛《書畫跋》:“此是魯公最勻(yun)穩書,亦(yi)盡秀(xiu)媚多姿(zi),第微帶俗,正是近世(shi)掾史(shi)家鼻祖(zu)。”
明代戲(xi)曲理論(lun)(lun)家何良俊《四友(you)齋書(shu)(shu)(shu)論(lun)(lun)》:“正(zheng)所謂(wei)世(shi)下(xia)最傳者,蓋魯公書(shu)(shu)(shu)妙(miao)在險勁,而(er)此書(shu)(shu)(shu)太整齊(qi),失之板耳。”
現代書(shu)法(fa)家歐陽中石:“它是(shi)顏碑中最講用筆,法(fa)度最為(wei)細密嚴謹的一部。”
陜(shan)西(xi)師范(fan)大學(xue)歷(li)史文(wen)化學(xue)院教授張懋镕:“整篇結(jie)構嚴密,點畫(hua)圓(yuan)整,端莊而不呆板。”
《多寶塔碑》蘊(yun)含了(le)“二王”和初唐以(yi)來(lai)書(shu)(shu)家(jia)的風(feng)流,歷來(lai)為書(shu)(shu)家(jia)珍重(zhong)。它是唐代(dai)“尚(shang)法”的代(dai)表碑刻之一,學(xue)顏體者多從此碑下手(shou),入(ru)其堂奧。學(xue)子描紅、士(shi)子舉業(ye)、居士(shi)寫(xie)經(jing)、坊間印(yin)書(shu)(shu),競相(xiang)仿效。至(zhi)今仍是適用非(fei)常(chang)廣、影響十分巨大的書(shu)(shu)法作(zuo)品(pin)。
顏真(zhen)卿(qing)傳世書碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之作中,《多(duo)寶塔碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》所蘊文(wen)獻(xian)價值是非常大(da)的。其一(yi),此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)書寫(xie)厚(hou)重(zhong),石(shi)料堅硬(ying)細(xi)膩,加上運(yun)用了直(zhi)刀深刻(ke)法進行鐫刻(ke),因而歷經1000多(duo)年(nian)的錘拓仍完(wan)好如初,字口清晰(xi),神采奕(yi)奕(yi)。除康熙(xi)年(nian)間碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石(shi)斷裂損(sun)泐(le)二十字之外,無(wu)缺文(wen)、疑(yi)字,這對賞鑒顏書、校考(kao)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)、考(kao)辨各代拓本(ben)流(liu)傳都甚為有利。其二,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)撰者(zhe)岑勛、多(duo)寶塔出資(zi)助修者(zhe)許(xu)王瓘,檢閱(yue)史(shi)(shi)籍后考(kao)得(de)生平(ping)事(shi)跡一(yi)二,或可補史(shi)(shi)志未載。其三,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)所記禪(chan)師(shi)楚(chu)金(jin)事(shi)可與同門(men)僧人飛錫撰《楚(chu)金(jin)禪(chan)師(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》及(ji)佛教文(wen)獻(xian)互(hu)參校考(kao)。其四,多(duo)寶塔碑(bei)(bei)(bei)敘記之事(shi)多(duo)有虛誕,但(dan)基于(yu)唐玄宗時佛教發(fa)展(zhan)達于(yu)極盛,伽(jia)藍之數(shu)較唐初幾增一(yi)倍(bei)的史(shi)(shi)實,反觀此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)言及(ji),亦無(wu)疑(yi)是對當時“抑而不毀”的佛教之況、政教關系的一(yi)種反映。
《多寶塔碑》,唐天(tian)寶十一年(752年)四月(yue)二(er)十二(er)日刻立(li)。碑原(yuan)在(zai)長安城安定坊千(qian)佛寺,北宋初移(yi)入文廟,后(hou)又移(yi)至(zhi)西(xi)安碑林。
清康熙年間,此碑左側近中(zhong)部處(chu),即(ji)三十一行至三十四行(最末四行)泐去半(ban)圓形一大塊,泐二十字(zi)。故凡此處(chu)碑字(zi)不損者(zhe),必為(wei)清初拓本。