《多寶(bao)塔碑》全稱為《大唐西(xi)京千(qian)福寺多寶(bao)佛塔感(gan)應碑》,是唐天寶(bao)十一年(nian)(752年(nian))由當時的(de)文人岑勛撰文、書(shu)法家(jia)徐浩題額(e)、書(shu)法家(jia)顏真(zhen)卿書(shu)丹、碑刻(ke)(ke)家(jia)史華刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)而(er)成,是楷書(shu)書(shu)法作(zuo)品。現今保存于(yu)西(xi)安碑林第二室。
此(ci)碑(bei)共三十(shi)四行(xing),滿行(xing)六十(shi)六字,內容主要記(ji)載(zai)了(le)西京龍興寺禪師楚金創建多(duo)(duo)寶塔之(zhi)原委(wei)及修(xiu)建經過。整體秀美剛勁,清爽宜人,有簡潔明快,字字珠(zhu)璣之(zhi)感(gan)。用筆豐厚遒美,腴潤沉穩(wen)(wen);橫細豎(shu)粗,對比強烈(lie);起(qi)筆多(duo)(duo)露鋒,收(shou)筆多(duo)(duo)回鋒,轉折多(duo)(duo)頓(dun)筆。結(jie)體嚴謹致密(mi),緊湊規整,平穩(wen)(wen)勻稱,又碑(bei)版精(jing)良(liang),存字較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),學顏(yan)體者多(duo)(duo)從此(ci)碑(bei)下手,入其堂奧。
(碑額)大唐西京千福寺(si)多寶(bao)佛(fo)塔感應碑文。
南陽岑勛撰。
朝議郎判尚(shang)書(shu)武部員外(wai)郎瑯邪顏真卿(qing)書(shu)。
朝(chao)散(san)大夫檢校尚書都(dou)官(guan)郎中東(dong)海(hai)徐浩題額。
粵《妙法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)》,諸(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye);多寶(bao)(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta),證(zheng)經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)踴現(xian)也(ye)。發(fa)明(ming)資乎(hu)十(shi)力,弘建在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四依(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)號楚金,姓(xing)程,廣(guang)(guang)平人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。祖、父并京著釋(shi)門(men),慶(qing)歸法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)胤。母高(gao)氏,久(jiu)而(er)無(wu)(wu)妊,夜(ye)夢(meng)諸(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),覺而(er)有(you)(you)(you)娠。是(shi)生龍(long)(long)象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征,無(wu)(wu)取熊羆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆。誕(dan)彌(mi)厥月,炳然(ran)(ran)殊(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)。岐嶷絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葷茹(ru),齠齔不為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)童游(you)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)樹萌芽,聳豫章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楨干;禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)池畎澮,涵巨海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)波濤(tao)。年(nian)甫七歲,居(ju)然(ran)(ran)厭俗(su),自(zi)(zi)誓出(chu)家,禮(li)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)探經(jing),《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)》在手(shou)。宿(su)(su)命潛悟(wu),如識(shi)金環(huan)(huan);總持(chi)不遺,若注瓶(ping)水(shui)。九(jiu)歲落(luo)發(fa),住西京龍(long)(long)興(xing)寺(si),從僧箓也(ye)。進具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),升(sheng)座講法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。頓(dun)收珍藏(zang)(zang)(zang),異(yi)窮子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾走;直詣寶(bao)(bao)山,無(wu)(wu)化城而(er)可(ke)息。爾后,因靜夜(ye)持(chi)誦至《多寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)品》,身(shen)(shen)心泊然(ran)(ran),如入(ru)(ru)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)定。忽見(jian)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta),宛在目前,釋(shi)迦(jia)分身(shen)(shen),遍滿(man)空(kong)界。行(xing)(xing)勤圣(sheng)現(xian),業(ye)(ye)(ye)凈(jing)感(gan)深(shen),悲生悟(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),淚下(xia)如雨。遂(sui)(sui)布衣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食,不出(chu)戶庭,期滿(man)六(liu)年(nian),誓建茲塔(ta)。既而(er)許(xu)王(wang)(wang)瓘(guan)及居(ju)士(shi)趙(zhao)崇、信(xin)女普(pu)意,善(shan)來稽首(shou),咸(xian)舍(she)珍財(cai)(cai)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輯莊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因,資爽塏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,利(li)(li)(li)見(jian)千(qian)(qian)福,默議于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心。時千(qian)(qian)福有(you)(you)(you)懷忍禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),忽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夜(ye),見(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui),發(fa)源龍(long)(long)興(xing),流(liu)注千(qian)(qian)福,清(qing)澄泛(fan)滟(yan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)方(fang)舟。又(you)見(jian)寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)自(zi)(zi)空(kong)而(er)下(xia),久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)滅(mie),即今建塔(ta)處(chu)也(ye)。寺(si)內凈(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)名(ming)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang),先于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)地,復見(jian)燈光(guang)(guang),遠望(wang)則(ze)明(ming),近尋(xun)即滅(mie)。竊以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)流(liu)開(kai)(kai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing),舟泛(fan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慈(ci)航,塔(ta)現(xian)兆于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),燈明(ming)示于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)盡:非至德(de)精(jing)(jing)感(gan),其(qi)(qi)孰(shu)能與于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此?及禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)建言(yan),雜(za)然(ran)(ran)歡愜:負畚荷插,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橐(tuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)囊;登登憑(ping)憑(ping),是(shi)板(ban)是(shi)筑(zhu)。灑(sa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)香水(shui),隱以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金錘。我(wo)(wo)(wo)能竭(jie)誠(cheng),工乃(nai)(nai)用(yong)壯(zhuang)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)每夜(ye)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筑(zhu)階(jie)所(suo),懇(ken)志誦經(jing),勵精(jing)(jing)行(xing)(xing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。眾聞天(tian)(tian)(tian)樂,咸(xian)嗅(xiu)異(yi)香,喜(xi)嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音,圣(sheng)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)半(ban)(ban)。至天(tian)(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)元載,創構材(cai)木,肇安(an)相(xiang)(xiang)輪。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)理會佛(fo)(fo)(fo)心,感(gan)通(tong)帝(di)夢(meng)。七月十(shi)三(san)日(ri),敕內侍趙(zhao)思偘求(qiu)諸(zhu)寶(bao)(bao)坊,驗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)夢(meng)。入(ru)(ru)寺(si)見(jian)塔(ta),禮(li)問禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),圣(sheng)夢(meng)有(you)(you)(you)孚(fu),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)名(ming)惟(wei)肖(xiao)。其(qi)(qi)日(ri),賜(si)錢五十(shi)萬、絹千(qian)(qian)匹,助建修(xiu)也(ye)。則(ze)知精(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing),雖先天(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)不違;純如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,當后佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)授(shou)記。昔漢明(ming)永平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),大(da)化初流(liu);我(wo)(wo)(wo)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)斯建。同(tong)符千(qian)(qian)古(gu),昭有(you)(you)(you)烈光(guang)(guang)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時道(dao)(dao)(dao)俗(su)景(jing)附(fu),檀(tan)施山積,庀徒度財(cai)(cai),功(gong)百(bai)(bai)其(qi)(qi)倍矣(yi)。至二(er)載,敕中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使楊順景(jing)宣旨,令禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)萼樓下(xia)迎多寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)額(e)。遂(sui)(sui)總僧事(shi),備法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)儀。宸(chen)眷俯臨,額(e)書下(xia)降,又(you)賜(si)絹百(bai)(bai)匹。圣(sheng)札飛毫,動(dong)(dong)云(yun)龍(long)(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣象(xiang);天(tian)(tian)(tian)文掛塔(ta),駐(zhu)日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝。至四載,塔(ta)事(shi)將就(jiu),表(biao)(biao)(biao)請慶(qing)齋,歸功(gong)帝(di)力。時僧道(dao)(dao)(dao)四部(bu),會逾萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)。有(you)(you)(you)五色云(yun),團輔塔(ta)頂,眾盡瞻睹,莫不崩悅。大(da)哉觀(guan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)利(li)(li)(li),用(yong)賓于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)王(wang)(wang)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)謂同(tong)學(xue)曰:鵬運滄溟,非云(yun)羅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)頓(dun);心游(you)寂滅(mie),豈愛網之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能加?精(jing)(jing)進法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men),菩薩(sa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)強不息,本期同(tong)行(xing)(xing),復遂(sui)(sui)宿(su)(su)心。鑿井見(jian)泥,去水(shui)不遠;鉆木未(wei)熱,得火何階(jie)?凡(fan)(fan)(fan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)七僧,聿懷一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)志,晝夜(ye)塔(ta)下(xia),誦持(chi)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)》。香煙不斷,經(jing)聲遞續(xu),炯(jiong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常,沒身(shen)(shen)不替。自(zi)(zi)三(san)載,每春秋二(er)時,集同(tong)行(xing)(xing)大(da)德(de)四十(shi)九(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),行(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)昧。尋(xun)奉恩旨,許(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恒(heng)式。前后道(dao)(dao)(dao)場所(suo)感(gan)舍(she)利(li)(li)(li),凡(fan)(fan)(fan)三(san)千(qian)(qian)七十(shi)粒(li);至六(liu)載,欲葬舍(she)利(li)(li)(li),預嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)場,又(you)降一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)粒(li);畫(hua)普(pu)賢變(bian),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)聯得一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)九(jiu)粒(li)。莫不圓(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong),浮(fu)光(guang)(guang)瑩(ying)然(ran)(ran)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)觀(guan)身(shen)(shen),了空(kong)求(qiu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),先刺血寫《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)、《菩薩(sa)戒》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)、《觀(guan)普(pu)賢行(xing)(xing)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan),乃(nai)(nai)取舍(she)利(li)(li)(li)三(san)千(qian)(qian)粒(li),盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石函,兼造自(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)石影,跪而(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),同(tong)置塔(ta)下(xia),表(biao)(biao)(biao)至敬也(ye)。使夫(fu)舟遷(qian)夜(ye)壑,無(wu)(wu)變(bian)度門(men);劫算墨塵,永垂(chui)貞范。又(you)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)上(shang)(shang)及蒼生寫《妙法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)部(bu)(金字三(san)十(shi)六(liu)部(bu)),用(yong)鎮寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta)。又(you)寫一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)部(bu),散施受(shou)持(chi)。靈應既多,具如本傳。其(qi)(qi)載敕內侍吳懷實賜(si)金銅(tong)香爐,高(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈五尺,奉表(biao)(biao)(biao)陳謝,手(shou)詔批云(yun):“師(shi)(shi)(shi)弘濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿(yuan)(yuan),感(gan)達人(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)(tian);莊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,義(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因果(guo)。”則(ze)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施財(cai)(cai)施,信(xin)所(suo)宜(yi)先也(ye)。主(zhu)上(shang)(shang)握至道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈符,受(shou)如來之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)印(yin),非禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)慧超(chao)悟(wu),無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宸(chen)衷(zhong),非主(zhu)上(shang)(shang)至圣(sheng)文明(ming),無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)誠(cheng)愿(yuan)(yuan)。倬彼寶(bao)(bao)塔(ta),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)梵(fan)宮。經(jing)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),真(zhen)僧是(shi)葺;克(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),圣(sheng)主(zhu)斯崇。爾其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)也(ye),則(ze)岳聳蓮(lian)披,云(yun)垂(chui)蓋偃,下(xia)欻(hu)崛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)踴地,上(shang)(shang)亭(ting)盈(ying)而(er)媚空(kong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晻晻其(qi)(qi)靜深(shen),旁(pang)赫赫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弘敞(chang)。碝磩承陛,瑯(lang)玕綷(cui)檻,玉(yu)瑱居(ju)楹(ying),銀(yin)黃拂(fu)戶,重檐疊于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)畫(hua)栱,反宇環(huan)(huan)其(qi)(qi)璧(bi)珰。坤靈赑屃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)負砌,天(tian)(tian)(tian)祗儼雅而(er)翊戶。或復肩(jian)挐(上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加)摯鳥,肘擐修(xiu)蛇,冠盤(pan)巨龍(long)(long),帽抱(bao)猛獸,勃如戰色,有(you)(you)(you)奭(shi)其(qi)(qi)容。窮繪事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆精(jing)(jing),選(xuan)(xuan)朝(chao)英(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偈贊。若乃(nai)(nai)開(kai)(kai)扃鐍,窺奧秘(mi),二(er)尊分座,疑對鷲山,千(qian)(qian)帙發(fa)題(ti),若觀(guan)龍(long)(long)藏(zang)(zang)(zang),金碧炅(gui)晃,環(huan)(huan)佩葳蕤;至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列三(san)乘,分八(ba)(ba)部(bu),圣(sheng)徒翕習,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)事(shi)森羅。方(fang)寸千(qian)(qian)名(ming),盈(ying)尺萬象(xiang),大(da)身(shen)(shen)現(xian)小,廣(guang)(guang)座能卑;須彌(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容,欻(hu)入(ru)(ru)芥(jie)子,寶(bao)(bao)蓋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang),頓(dun)覆(fu)三(san)千(qian)(qian)。昔衡岳思大(da)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)昧傳悟(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺智者(zhe),爾來寂寥,罕契(qi)真(zhen)要。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)久(jiu)廢(fei),生我(wo)(wo)(wo)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),克(ke)嗣(si)其(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),繼明(ming)二(er)祖,相(xiang)(xiang)望(wang)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)。夫(fu)其(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)也(ye),開(kai)(kai)玄關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)念,照圓(yuan)(yuan)鏡(jing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)方(fang),指陰界為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妙門(men),駈塵勞(lao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)侶,聚(ju)沙能成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)道(dao)(dao)(dao),合掌(zhang)已入(ru)(ru)圣(sheng)流(liu)。三(san)乘教(jiao)門(men),總而(er)歸一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);八(ba)(ba)萬法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)藏(zang)(zang)(zang),我(wo)(wo)(wo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最雄。譬猶滿(man)月麗天(tian)(tian)(tian),螢(ying)光(guang)(guang)列宿(su)(su);山王(wang)(wang)映海,蟻垤群峰(feng)。嗟(jie)乎(hu),三(san)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉寐久(jiu)矣(yi)!佛(fo)(fo)(fo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木鐸,惟(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)超(chao)然(ran)(ran)深(shen)悟(wu)。其(qi)(qi)貌也(ye),岳瀆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀,冰雪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姿,果(guo)唇(chun)貝(bei)齒,蓮(lian)目月面。望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厲,即之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫,睹相(xiang)(xiang)未(wei)言(yan),而(er)降伏(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心已過半(ban)(ban)矣(yi)。同(tong)行(xing)(xing)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)抱(bao)玉(yu)、飛錫,襲衡臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)躅(zhu),傳止觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)(jing)義(yi),或名(ming)高(gao)帝(di)選(xuan)(xuan),或行(xing)(xing)密眾師(shi)(shi)(shi),共弘開(kai)(kai)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗,盡契(qi)圓(yuan)(yuan)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)苾芻如巖、靈悟(wu)、凈(jing)真(zhen)、真(zhen)空(kong)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)濟等(deng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定慧為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文質,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戒忍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)剛柔,含(han)樸玉(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝,等(deng)旃檀(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍繞。夫(fu)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe)因,因圓(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)福廣(guang)(guang);起(qi)因者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang),相(xiang)(xiang)遣則(ze)慧深(shen)。求(qiu)無(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),通(tong)解脫于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文字,舉事(shi)徵理,含(han)毫強名(ming)。偈曰:
佛(fo)有妙法,比象蓮華。圓頓深入,真凈無瑕。慧(hui)通法界,福利恒沙。直至(zhi)寶所(suo),俱乘大車(che)。(其(qi)一)
於戲上(shang)士(shi),發(fa)行正勤。緬想寶塔,思(si)弘(hong)勝因。圓階已(yi)就,層覆初陳(chen)。乃(nai)昭(zhao)帝(di)夢,福應天人。(其二)
輪奐(huan)斯崇(chong),為章凈域。真僧草創(chuang),圣(sheng)主增(zeng)飾。中座耽耽,飛檐翼(yi)翼(yi)。薦臻靈感(gan),歸我帝力。(其三)
念(nian)彼后學,心滯迷(mi)封。昏衢未曉(xiao),中(zhong)道難(nan)逢。常(chang)驚夜杌,還(huan)懼(ju)真(zhen)龍。不有禪(chan)伯,誰明(ming)大(da)宗。(其(qi)四)
大(da)海吞流,崇山納壤。教門稱頓,慈力能廣(guang)。功起聚沙,德成(cheng)合掌。開(kai)佛知見,法為無上(shang)。(其(qi)五)
情塵雖雜(za),性(xing)海無漏(lou)。定養圣胎,染生(sheng)迷鷇。斷常起(qi)縛,空色(se)同謬。薝葡(pu)現(xian)前(qian),馀(yu)香何嗅(xiu)?(其六)
彤(tong)彤(tong)法宇(yu),繄我四依。事該理(li)暢,玉粹金輝。慧鏡無(wu)垢,慈燈照(zhao)微(wei)。空王可托,本(ben)愿同歸。(其七)
天寶十一載,歲次壬(ren)辰,四月乙丑朔,廿二日戊戌建。
敕檢校塔使:正議大夫行內侍趙思偘。判官:內府丞車沖。檢校:僧義方。河(he)南史華刻。
唐朝天寶(bao)(bao)年間,楚金禪(chan)師夜誦《法華經》時,仿佛有多寶(bao)(bao)佛塔(ta)呈現(xian)眼前,他想把幻覺中的(de)多寶(bao)(bao)佛塔(ta)變為現(xian)實,誓志籌建(jian)。在修造期間,甚至出現(xian)了種(zhong)種(zhong)靈應(ying)和神(shen)奇的(de)事情。這份誠(cheng)意感動(dong)了唐玄宗,于(yu)是(shi)賞賜錢(qian)帛,并親題塔(ta)額。經過(guo)4年的(de)努力,多寶(bao)(bao)佛塔(ta)終于(yu)在天寶(bao)(bao)十一年(752年)建(jian)成。
而(er)時(shi)任武部員(yuan)外(wai)郎、44歲(sui)(sui)的顏真卿被選中來書寫(xie)(xie)(xie)碑(bei)文。顏真卿和當時(shi)的大(da)多(duo)數知識分子一(yi)樣是正統的儒(ru)家,但也信奉佛教,他的書法風格直(zhi)接“二王”、歐、虞(yu)、褚余風,而(er)又與唐人寫(xie)(xie)(xie)經(jing)有明顯的相似之處。碑(bei)文的作者岑(cen)勛,是詩人岑(cen)參(can)的從弟;題寫(xie)(xie)(xie)碑(bei)額的徐浩,年(nian)長顏真卿6歲(sui)(sui),是當時(shi)的書法名(ming)家,也是張(zhang)旭(xu)的學生,這(zhe)是他倆(lia)第一(yi)次合作書碑(bei);史華則是當時(shi)的刻(ke)碑(bei)高手。
顏(yan)(yan)真卿(qing)(709年—784年),字清臣,小(xiao)名(ming)羨門子,別號應方,京兆萬(wan)年(今陜(shan)西西安)人(ren),唐(tang)代名(ming)臣、書法家。開元(yuan)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(734年),登進士第(di),歷(li)任監察御(yu)史、殿(dian)中(zhong)侍御(yu)史。官至吏部尚書、太子太師,封(feng)魯郡公,人(ren)稱(cheng)“顏(yan)(yan)魯公”。與趙孟頫、柳公權、歐陽詢并稱(cheng)為(wei)“楷(kai)書四大家”。又與柳公權并稱(cheng)“顏(yan)(yan)柳”,被稱(cheng)為(wei)“顏(yan)(yan)筋柳骨”。代表(biao)作品有(you)《多寶塔碑(bei)》《顏(yan)(yan)勤禮碑(bei)》《祭侄文稿》等。
該碑用筆(bi)(bi)多中鋒(feng),起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)和收筆(bi)(bi)有明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)頓按。起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)藏(zang)鋒(feng)為(wei)主,兼用露鋒(feng),方(fang)圓并用。有些橫畫(hua)起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)較為(wei)外(wai)露,不同于柳體(ti)的(de)(de)齊頭方(fang)腳,而是稍存斜尖,并參以(yi)含(han)蓄的(de)(de)筆(bi)(bi)意使之變化豐(feng)富(fu);收筆(bi)(bi)用頓筆(bi)(bi)和回鋒(feng)的(de)(de)較多,強調(diao)“護尾”,尤其于橫畫(hua)中最為(wei)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian),寫橫行至收筆(bi)(bi)處,常(chang)向右下方(fang)重按,頓筆(bi)(bi)回鋒(feng),體(ti)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)顏體(ti)的(de)(de)雄(xiong)渾(hun)、大氣之韻(yun)(yun),豎畫(hua)粗壯,渾(hun)厚(hou)力強。橫、豎筆(bi)(bi)畫(hua)粗細對比鮮明(ming)(ming),富(fu)節奏、韻(yun)(yun)律(lv)美感,也把顏體(ti)的(de)(de)一個(ge)“筋”的(de)(de)意味完整地表達出(chu)(chu)來。
顏體(ti)撇(pie)畫較(jiao)(jiao)輕盈挺健(jian),捺畫卻粗壯有(you)力,有(you)“蠶頭燕(yan)尾”之稱(cheng),給人(ren)以剛健(jian)的(de)動(dong)感(gan)(gan),尤其是捺腳較(jiao)(jiao)長,頓(dun)挫后踢(ti)出開衩,含蓄而又有(you)峻利之感(gan)(gan)。另外,顏體(ti)捺畫的(de)捺腳多與撇(pie)畫鋒尖持平或稍低(di)(di),不(bu)似柳體(ti)的(de)撇(pie)低(di)(di)捺高(gao),而呈現出一種舒展(zhan)沉穩之美。《多寶塔(ta)碑》轉折(zhe)變化(hua)較(jiao)(jiao)多,主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)提(ti)聳肩頓(dun)挫和按筆削肩暗轉之法(fa),有(you)方(fang)(fang)有(you)圓,方(fang)(fang)圓兼施。該(gai)碑具有(you)唐楷“尚法(fa)”的(de)典型特征,結體(ti)寬博,布白較(jiao)(jiao)勻(yun)整,字型稍方(fang)(fang),端莊(zhuang)平穩,正氣飽滿,已初顯顏體(ti)成熟期正面示人(ren)、雄渾豪邁的(de)書風。
《多寶塔碑》整(zheng)篇結(jie)構嚴密,字行間(jian)有烏絲欄界格,其(qi)結(jie)體(ti)(ti)寬博(bo),布(bu)白較勻整(zheng),字型稍方,端莊平穩,正氣(qi)飽滿,布(bu)勢(shi)均勻,四周撐滿,故氣(qi)勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉(wei),這是(shi)“顏(yan)體(ti)(ti)”佛書的又一(yi)特色。顏(yan)真卿的結(jie)體(ti)(ti),用(yong)的是(shi)“外(wai)拓”筆法(fa),字勢(shi)方正,撇捺竭(jie)力(li)向(xiang)左(zuo)右拓展,氣(qi)勢(shi)博(bo)大恢弘。無論獨體(ti)(ti)字,還(huan)是(shi)合(he)體(ti)(ti)字,都以(yi)中(zhong)心軸(zhou)線為重(zhong)(zhong)心,在結(jie)構處理上,既講究規矩,又生動活潑。在楷書史(shi)上還(huan)沒有一(yi)個人(ren)有過這樣的結(jie)體(ti)(ti)方式,尤其(qi)是(shi)捺腳,重(zhong)(zhong)拙(zhuo)而(er)不作波曳之狀,線條澀重(zhong)(zhong)雄(xiong)強(qiang),氣(qi)概非凡。
《多寶塔碑》的(de)章法之(zhi)美:整幅作品縱橫整齊(qi)。從縱看,字的(de)中(zhong)心在中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上;字的(de)大小配合得(de)當。整體雄偉恢弘,實也(ye)秀媚多姿。
明代(dai)學者孫鑛《書畫跋》:“此是魯公最勻穩書,亦盡秀媚多(duo)姿(zi),第微帶俗,正是近世掾史家鼻祖。”
明(ming)代戲曲理論家何良俊《四友(you)齋(zhai)書(shu)論》:“正所謂世(shi)下最傳者,蓋(gai)魯公書(shu)妙在險勁,而此書(shu)太(tai)整齊(qi),失之板耳。”
現代(dai)書法(fa)家(jia)歐陽中(zhong)石:“它是顏碑(bei)中(zhong)最講用筆(bi),法(fa)度最為細密嚴謹的一部。”
陜西(xi)師范大(da)學(xue)歷(li)史文(wen)化學(xue)院(yuan)教授張(zhang)懋(mao)镕:“整篇結構嚴密,點(dian)畫圓(yuan)整,端莊(zhuang)而不呆板。”
《多寶塔碑》蘊含(han)了“二王”和初唐以來(lai)書家的(de)(de)風流,歷(li)來(lai)為(wei)書家珍重。它(ta)是唐代“尚法”的(de)(de)代表碑刻之一,學顏體者多從(cong)此碑下(xia)手,入其堂奧(ao)。學子描紅、士(shi)子舉業、居士(shi)寫(xie)經、坊間印書,競(jing)相仿效(xiao)。至(zhi)今仍是適用非常廣、影響十分巨大(da)的(de)(de)書法作品(pin)。
顏真卿傳世書碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)作中,《多寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》所蘊文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)價值是非常(chang)大(da)的(de)。其(qi)(qi)一(yi),此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)書寫厚重,石料(liao)堅硬細膩,加上運(yun)用了直刀深刻法進(jin)行鐫刻,因而歷經1000多年的(de)錘拓仍完好如(ru)初,字口清晰,神采奕奕。除(chu)康(kang)熙年間碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)石斷裂損泐二(er)十字之(zhi)外,無缺(que)文(wen)(wen)、疑字,這(zhe)對(dui)賞鑒(jian)顏書、校(xiao)考(kao)(kao)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)、考(kao)(kao)辨各代拓本流傳都甚(shen)為有利(li)。其(qi)(qi)二(er),碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)撰(zhuan)者岑勛、多寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔出(chu)資(zi)助修者許王瓘,檢閱史籍后考(kao)(kao)得生(sheng)平(ping)事跡(ji)一(yi)二(er),或可補史志未載。其(qi)(qi)三,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)所記禪師楚(chu)金事可與同(tong)門僧人飛錫撰(zhuan)《楚(chu)金禪師碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》及佛教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)互(hu)參(can)校(xiao)考(kao)(kao)。其(qi)(qi)四,多寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)敘記之(zhi)事多有虛(xu)誕(dan),但基于(yu)唐玄宗時佛教(jiao)發展(zhan)達(da)于(yu)極盛,伽藍之(zhi)數(shu)較唐初幾增一(yi)倍的(de)史實,反觀此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)言及,亦無疑是對(dui)當時“抑而不毀”的(de)佛教(jiao)之(zhi)況、政教(jiao)關系(xi)的(de)一(yi)種反映。
《多寶塔碑(bei)》,唐天寶十一年(752年)四(si)月二十二日刻立。碑(bei)原(yuan)在長安(an)(an)城安(an)(an)定坊千佛寺,北宋初(chu)移(yi)入文(wen)廟,后(hou)又移(yi)至(zhi)西安(an)(an)碑(bei)林。
清康熙(xi)年間,此(ci)碑(bei)左側近中部處,即(ji)三十(shi)(shi)一行(xing)至三十(shi)(shi)四(si)行(xing)(最末四(si)行(xing))泐(le)去(qu)半(ban)圓形一大(da)塊,泐(le)二十(shi)(shi)字(zi)。故凡(fan)此(ci)處碑(bei)字(zi)不損者,必為清初(chu)拓本。