《多寶塔(ta)(ta)碑(bei)(bei)》全稱為《大唐西京千(qian)福(fu)寺多寶佛塔(ta)(ta)感應(ying)碑(bei)(bei)》,是唐天(tian)寶十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(752年(nian))由當時的文人岑(cen)勛(xun)撰文、書(shu)法家(jia)徐(xu)浩題額、書(shu)法家(jia)顏真卿書(shu)丹、碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)家(jia)史(shi)華刻(ke)石而成,是楷書(shu)書(shu)法作品。現今保存于西安碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)第二室。
此碑共(gong)三十四行,滿行六(liu)十六(liu)字,內容主要記載(zai)了西(xi)京龍興寺禪師楚(chu)金創建多寶塔(ta)之原(yuan)委及修(xiu)建經過。整(zheng)體(ti)秀美剛(gang)勁(jing),清爽宜人,有簡潔明(ming)快(kuai),字字珠璣之感。用筆豐厚遒美,腴潤沉(chen)穩;橫細(xi)豎粗,對比(bi)強烈;起(qi)筆多露鋒(feng),收筆多回鋒(feng),轉(zhuan)折多頓(dun)筆。結體(ti)嚴(yan)謹(jin)致密,緊湊規(gui)整(zheng),平穩勻稱,又碑版精良,存字較多,學(xue)顏體(ti)者多從此碑下手,入其堂奧。
(碑額)大唐西京千福寺多寶佛塔感應(ying)碑文。
南陽岑勛撰。
朝議郎判尚書武部員外郎瑯邪顏(yan)真卿書。
朝散大(da)夫檢校尚書都(dou)官郎中東海徐浩題額。
粵《妙法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》,諸佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘藏(zang)(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);多(duo)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),證(zheng)經之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)踴現(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)資乎十(shi)(shi)(shi)力,弘(hong)(hong)建在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)依。有禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)號楚金,姓程,廣(guang)平人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖、父并京(jing)著(zhu)釋門(men)(men)(men),慶(qing)歸(gui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)胤。母高氏(shi),久(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)無(wu)妊,夜(ye)(ye)夢(meng)諸佛(fo)(fo),覺而(er)(er)有娠(shen)。是生(sheng)龍(long)(long)(long)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng),無(wu)取(qu)熊(xiong)羆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)。誕彌厥月,炳然(ran)殊相(xiang)(xiang)。岐嶷絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葷茹(ru),齠齔不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)童游。道樹(shu)萌芽(ya),聳(song)豫章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楨干(gan);禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)池畎澮,涵巨(ju)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)波(bo)濤。年(nian)(nian)甫七歲,居然(ran)厭俗(su),自誓(shi)出(chu)(chu)家,禮(li)藏(zang)(zang)探經,《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》在手。宿命潛悟(wu)(wu),如(ru)(ru)識金環;總持(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遺,若注瓶水(shui)。九(jiu)歲落發(fa),住西京(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)興(xing)(xing)寺(si),從僧箓(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。進(jin)具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian),升座講法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。頓收(shou)珍(zhen)(zhen)藏(zang)(zang),異(yi)窮(qiong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾走;直詣寶(bao)(bao)(bao)山,無(wu)化城而(er)(er)可息。爾(er)后(hou),因靜夜(ye)(ye)持(chi)(chi)誦至(zhi)(zhi)《多(duo)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)品》,身心(xin)(xin)(xin)泊然(ran),如(ru)(ru)入禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)定(ding)。忽見(jian)(jian)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),宛在目前,釋迦分(fen)身,遍(bian)滿空(kong)界。行(xing)(xing)(xing)勤圣(sheng)現(xian),業凈(jing)感深(shen)(shen),悲(bei)生(sheng)悟(wu)(wu)中,淚下(xia)如(ru)(ru)雨。遂(sui)布(bu)衣(yi)一(yi)(yi)食,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)戶庭,期滿六(liu)年(nian)(nian),誓(shi)建茲(zi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。既而(er)(er)許王(wang)瓘及居士(shi)趙崇、信女普(pu)意,善來稽首,咸舍(she)(she)珍(zhen)(zhen)財(cai)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輯(ji)莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因,資爽塏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,利見(jian)(jian)千(qian)(qian)(qian)福(fu),默議于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。時(shi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)福(fu)有懷(huai)忍禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi),忽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中夜(ye)(ye),見(jian)(jian)有一(yi)(yi)水(shui),發(fa)源龍(long)(long)(long)興(xing)(xing),流(liu)注千(qian)(qian)(qian)福(fu),清澄泛滟,中有方舟。又(you)見(jian)(jian)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)自空(kong)而(er)(er)下(xia),久(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)滅(mie),即(ji)今建塔(ta)(ta)(ta)處(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寺(si)內凈(jing)人(ren)名(ming)(ming)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang),先(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)地,復見(jian)(jian)燈(deng)光(guang)(guang),遠(yuan)(yuan)望(wang)(wang)則(ze)明(ming)(ming)(ming),近尋即(ji)滅(mie)。竊以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)流(liu)開(kai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性,舟泛表于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慈航,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)現(xian)兆(zhao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有成,燈(deng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)示于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)盡(jin):非至(zhi)(zhi)德(de)精(jing)感,其(qi)(qi)孰能(neng)與于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此?及禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)建言(yan),雜然(ran)歡愜(qie):負畚荷插,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)囊;登(deng)登(deng)憑憑,是板是筑。灑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)香水(shui),隱以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金錘。我能(neng)竭(jie)誠,工乃(nai)(nai)用(yong)壯。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)每夜(ye)(ye)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筑階所(suo),懇(ken)志誦經,勵精(jing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)道。眾聞天(tian)(tian)樂,咸嗅(xiu)異(yi)香,喜(xi)嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin),圣(sheng)凡相(xiang)(xiang)半(ban)(ban)。至(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)元載(zai),創構材木,肇安(an)相(xiang)(xiang)輪。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)理(li)會佛(fo)(fo)心(xin)(xin)(xin),感通帝夢(meng)。七月十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)日(ri),敕(chi)內侍(shi)趙思偘求(qiu)諸寶(bao)(bao)(bao)坊,驗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)夢(meng)。入寺(si)見(jian)(jian)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),禮(li)問禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi),圣(sheng)夢(meng)有孚(fu),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)名(ming)(ming)惟肖。其(qi)(qi)日(ri),賜(si)錢五十(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)、絹千(qian)(qian)(qian)匹,助(zhu)建修也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。則(ze)知精(jing)一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing),雖先(xian)天(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)違;純(chun)如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),當后(hou)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)授記。昔漢明(ming)(ming)(ming)永平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),大(da)(da)化初流(liu);我皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)斯建。同(tong)(tong)(tong)符千(qian)(qian)(qian)古,昭(zhao)有烈光(guang)(guang)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)道俗(su)景附,檀(tan)施(shi)山積(ji),庀徒(tu)度財(cai),功百(bai)其(qi)(qi)倍矣(yi)(yi)。至(zhi)(zhi)二載(zai),敕(chi)中使(shi)楊順景宣旨,令(ling)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)萼(e)樓下(xia)迎多(duo)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)額(e)。遂(sui)總僧事,備法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)儀。宸(chen)眷(juan)俯臨,額(e)書下(xia)降(jiang),又(you)賜(si)絹百(bai)匹。圣(sheng)札飛(fei)毫,動云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣象;天(tian)(tian)文(wen)掛塔(ta)(ta)(ta),駐日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝(hui)。至(zhi)(zhi)四(si)載(zai),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)事將(jiang)就,表請慶(qing)齋,歸(gui)功帝力。時(shi)僧道四(si)部(bu),會逾萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)。有五色云(yun),團輔塔(ta)(ta)(ta)頂,眾盡(jin)瞻睹,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)崩(beng)悅。大(da)(da)哉觀(guan)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)利,用(yong)賓于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)王(wang)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)謂同(tong)(tong)(tong)學曰:鵬運滄溟,非云(yun)羅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可頓;心(xin)(xin)(xin)游寂(ji)滅(mie),豈愛網(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)加?精(jing)進(jin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)(men),菩薩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自強不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息,本(ben)期同(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing),復遂(sui)宿心(xin)(xin)(xin)。鑿井見(jian)(jian)泥,去水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遠(yuan)(yuan);鉆木未熱,得火何階?凡我七僧,聿(yu)懷(huai)一(yi)(yi)志,晝夜(ye)(ye)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)下(xia),誦持(chi)(chi)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》。香煙(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan),經聲遞續,炯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常,沒身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)替。自三(san)載(zai),每春秋二時(shi),集(ji)同(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)德(de)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)人(ren),行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)昧。尋奉(feng)恩旨,許為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恒式(shi)。前后(hou)道場所(suo)感舍(she)(she)利,凡三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)粒(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)載(zai),欲葬舍(she)(she)利,預嚴(yan)道場,又(you)降(jiang)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)八(ba)粒(li)(li);畫普(pu)賢(xian)變,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)聯得一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)粒(li)(li)。莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)體(ti)自動,浮光(guang)(guang)瑩然(ran)。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)無(wu)我觀(guan)身,了空(kong)求(qiu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),先(xian)刺血寫《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經》一(yi)(yi)部(bu)、《菩薩戒(jie)》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)、《觀(guan)普(pu)賢(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)經》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan),乃(nai)(nai)取(qu)舍(she)(she)利三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)粒(li)(li),盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石(shi)函(han),兼(jian)造(zao)自身石(shi)影,跪而(er)(er)戴(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)置(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)下(xia),表至(zhi)(zhi)敬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。使(shi)夫(fu)(fu)舟遷夜(ye)(ye)壑,無(wu)變度門(men)(men)(men);劫(jie)算墨塵,永垂貞(zhen)范。又(you)奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)上(shang)(shang)及蒼生(sheng)寫《妙法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經》一(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)部(bu)(金字三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)部(bu)),用(yong)鎮(zhen)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。又(you)寫一(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)部(bu),散施(shi)受(shou)(shou)持(chi)(chi)。靈(ling)應既多(duo),具如(ru)(ru)本(ben)傳(chuan)。其(qi)(qi)載(zai)敕(chi)內侍(shi)吳(wu)懷(huai)實賜(si)金銅香爐(lu),高一(yi)(yi)丈五尺(chi),奉(feng)表陳謝,手詔(zhao)批云(yun):“師(shi)弘(hong)(hong)濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿,感達人(ren)天(tian)(tian);莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),義(yi)成因果。”則(ze)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施(shi)財(cai)施(shi),信所(suo)宜先(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。主(zhu)上(shang)(shang)握至(zhi)(zhi)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈(ling)符,受(shou)(shou)如(ru)(ru)來之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)印,非禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)大(da)(da)慧(hui)超(chao)悟(wu)(wu),無(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宸(chen)衷(zhong),非主(zhu)上(shang)(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming),無(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)誠愿。倬彼寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)梵宮。經始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,真僧是葺;克成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,圣(sheng)主(zhu)斯崇。爾(er)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),則(ze)岳聳(song)蓮(lian)披,云(yun)垂蓋偃,下(xia)欻崛(jue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)踴地,上(shang)(shang)亭盈(ying)而(er)(er)媚(mei)空(kong),中晻(an)晻(an)其(qi)(qi)靜深(shen)(shen),旁赫赫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弘(hong)(hong)敞。碝磩承陛,瑯玕綷檻,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)瑱(tian)居楹,銀黃拂戶,重檐疊于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)畫栱,反(fan)宇環其(qi)(qi)璧珰。坤(kun)靈(ling)赑屃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)負砌,天(tian)(tian)祗儼雅(ya)而(er)(er)翊戶。或(huo)復肩挐(上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加)摯鳥,肘擐(huan)修蛇,冠(guan)盤巨(ju)龍(long)(long)(long),帽抱猛獸,勃如(ru)(ru)戰色,有奭其(qi)(qi)容(rong)。窮(qiong)繪事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆精(jing),選朝英(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偈贊。若乃(nai)(nai)開(kai)扃鐍,窺奧秘,二尊分(fen)座,疑對鷲(jiu)山,千(qian)(qian)(qian)帙發(fa)題,若觀(guan)龍(long)(long)(long)藏(zang)(zang),金碧(bi)炅(gui)晃,環佩葳蕤;至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列(lie)三(san)乘,分(fen)八(ba)部(bu),圣(sheng)徒(tu)翕習,佛(fo)(fo)事森羅。方寸千(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming),盈(ying)尺(chi)萬(wan)(wan)象,大(da)(da)身現(xian)小(xiao),廣(guang)座能(neng)卑(bei);須彌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong),欻入芥子,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang),頓覆三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)。昔衡(heng)岳思大(da)(da)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)昧傳(chuan)悟(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)臺(tai)智者,爾(er)來寂(ji)寥,罕契(qi)真要。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)久(jiu)(jiu)廢,生(sheng)我禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi),克嗣其(qi)(qi)業,繼明(ming)(ming)(ming)二祖,相(xiang)(xiang)望(wang)(wang)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)。夫(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),開(kai)玄關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)念,照圓(yuan)鏡于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方,指陰界為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妙門(men)(men)(men),駈塵勞為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)侶,聚沙能(neng)成佛(fo)(fo)道,合掌已(yi)入圣(sheng)流(liu)。三(san)乘教門(men)(men)(men),總而(er)(er)歸(gui)一(yi)(yi);八(ba)萬(wan)(wan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)藏(zang)(zang),我為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)雄。譬猶滿月麗天(tian)(tian),螢光(guang)(guang)列(lie)宿;山王(wang)映海,蟻垤(die)群峰。嗟(jie)乎,三(san)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉(chen)寐久(jiu)(jiu)矣(yi)(yi)!佛(fo)(fo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木鐸(duo),惟我禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)超(chao)然(ran)深(shen)(shen)悟(wu)(wu)。其(qi)(qi)貌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),岳瀆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀,冰雪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姿,果唇貝(bei)齒,蓮(lian)目月面。望(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厲,即(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫,睹相(xiang)(xiang)未言(yan),而(er)(er)降(jiang)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)已(yi)過半(ban)(ban)矣(yi)(yi)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)師(shi)抱玉(yu)(yu)(yu)、飛(fei)錫,襲衡(heng)臺(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘躅,傳(chuan)止(zhi)觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)義(yi),或(huo)名(ming)(ming)高帝選,或(huo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密眾師(shi),共(gong)弘(hong)(hong)開(kai)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗,盡(jin)契(qi)圓(yuan)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。門(men)(men)(men)人(ren)苾芻如(ru)(ru)巖(yan)、靈(ling)悟(wu)(wu)、凈(jing)真、真空(kong)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)濟等,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)慧(hui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)質(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戒(jie)忍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)剛柔,含(han)樸玉(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝(hui),等旃(zhan)檀(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍繞(rao)。夫(fu)(fu)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者因,因圓(yuan)則(ze)福(fu)廣(guang);起因者相(xiang)(xiang),相(xiang)(xiang)遣則(ze)慧(hui)深(shen)(shen)。求(qiu)無(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),通解脫于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)字,舉(ju)事徵理(li),含(han)毫強名(ming)(ming)。偈曰:
佛有妙法,比象蓮華。圓頓深入,真凈無瑕。慧通法界,福利恒沙。直至寶所,俱(ju)乘(cheng)大(da)車。(其一)
於(wu)戲上士,發行正(zheng)勤。緬想寶塔,思弘勝因。圓(yuan)階已就,層覆初(chu)陳。乃昭(zhao)帝夢,福應天(tian)人。(其二(er))
輪奐斯(si)崇,為(wei)章凈域。真僧(seng)草創,圣(sheng)主增飾。中座耽耽,飛檐翼翼。薦臻靈感,歸我帝(di)力。(其三(san))
念彼后學,心(xin)滯迷封。昏衢(qu)未曉,中(zhong)道難逢。常驚夜杌,還懼真龍。不有禪伯,誰(shui)明大宗。(其四)
大海吞流,崇山納壤。教(jiao)門稱(cheng)頓(dun),慈力(li)能廣(guang)。功起聚沙,德(de)成合掌。開佛知見(jian),法為無(wu)上。(其五(wu))
情塵雖雜,性海無漏。定養圣胎,染生(sheng)迷鷇(kou)。斷常起縛,空色同謬。薝葡(pu)現前,馀香(xiang)何嗅(xiu)?(其六(liu))
彤(tong)彤(tong)法宇,繄我四依。事該理(li)暢(chang),玉(yu)粹金輝。慧鏡無垢,慈燈照微。空王可托,本愿同歸。(其七)
天寶十一載,歲次壬(ren)辰,四月乙(yi)丑(chou)朔(shuo),廿二日戊戌建。
敕檢校塔使:正議(yi)大夫(fu)行內侍趙思偘。判官:內府丞(cheng)車沖。檢校:僧義方。河南(nan)史(shi)華刻。
唐(tang)朝天(tian)寶(bao)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),楚金(jin)禪師(shi)夜誦《法華經》時,仿佛有多寶(bao)佛塔(ta)(ta)呈現(xian)(xian)眼前,他(ta)想把幻(huan)覺中的多寶(bao)佛塔(ta)(ta)變為現(xian)(xian)實,誓志籌建(jian)。在修造期間(jian),甚(shen)至出現(xian)(xian)了種種靈應和神奇的事情(qing)。這(zhe)份誠意感(gan)動(dong)了唐(tang)玄宗,于是賞賜(si)錢帛,并親題塔(ta)(ta)額(e)。經過4年(nian)(nian)的努力,多寶(bao)佛塔(ta)(ta)終于在天(tian)寶(bao)十一年(nian)(nian)(752年(nian)(nian))建(jian)成。
而時(shi)(shi)任(ren)武部員外郎、44歲的(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)真卿被選(xuan)中來書寫碑(bei)(bei)文。顏(yan)真卿和(he)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)大多數(shu)知識分子一(yi)樣是(shi)(shi)(shi)正統的(de)(de)(de)儒家,但(dan)也信奉佛教,他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)書法風格直接“二(er)王”、歐、虞、褚余風,而又與(yu)唐人(ren)寫經有明顯的(de)(de)(de)相似之處。碑(bei)(bei)文的(de)(de)(de)作者岑勛,是(shi)(shi)(shi)詩人(ren)岑參的(de)(de)(de)從弟;題寫碑(bei)(bei)額的(de)(de)(de)徐(xu)浩,年(nian)長顏(yan)真卿6歲,是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)書法名(ming)家,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)張(zhang)旭的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)倆(lia)第一(yi)次合作書碑(bei)(bei);史(shi)華則是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)刻碑(bei)(bei)高手。
顏(yan)真卿(709年(nian)(nian)—784年(nian)(nian)),字清臣(chen),小名羨(xian)門子,別(bie)號應方,京兆(zhao)萬年(nian)(nian)(今陜(shan)西(xi)西(xi)安)人,唐代(dai)(dai)名臣(chen)、書(shu)法家(jia)。開元(yuan)二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(734年(nian)(nian)),登進士第(di),歷任監察御(yu)史、殿(dian)中侍(shi)御(yu)史。官至吏部尚書(shu)、太子太師,封魯郡公,人稱(cheng)“顏(yan)魯公”。與(yu)趙孟頫、柳(liu)(liu)公權、歐(ou)陽詢并稱(cheng)為“楷書(shu)四大家(jia)”。又與(yu)柳(liu)(liu)公權并稱(cheng)“顏(yan)柳(liu)(liu)”,被稱(cheng)為“顏(yan)筋柳(liu)(liu)骨”。代(dai)(dai)表作品有(you)《多寶塔碑(bei)》《顏(yan)勤(qin)禮碑(bei)》《祭侄文稿》等。
該碑用筆(bi)(bi)多中鋒(feng),起筆(bi)(bi)和收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)頓按。起筆(bi)(bi)藏鋒(feng)為(wei)主,兼用露鋒(feng),方圓并用。有(you)(you)些(xie)橫(heng)畫起筆(bi)(bi)較為(wei)外(wai)露,不同于(yu)柳體(ti)的(de)齊頭(tou)方腳,而是(shi)稍存斜尖,并參以含(han)蓄的(de)筆(bi)(bi)意使之變化豐富(fu);收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)用頓筆(bi)(bi)和回(hui)鋒(feng)的(de)較多,強調“護尾”,尤其于(yu)橫(heng)畫中最為(wei)明(ming)顯,寫(xie)橫(heng)行至收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)處,常向右(you)下方重按,頓筆(bi)(bi)回(hui)鋒(feng),體(ti)現出顏體(ti)的(de)雄渾、大氣之韻(yun),豎畫粗壯,渾厚力強。橫(heng)、豎筆(bi)(bi)畫粗細對比鮮明(ming),富(fu)節(jie)奏、韻(yun)律美感,也把(ba)顏體(ti)的(de)一個“筋”的(de)意味完整地表達出來。
顏(yan)(yan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)撇(pie)畫(hua)較(jiao)輕盈(ying)挺健,捺畫(hua)卻粗壯有(you)(you)力,有(you)(you)“蠶頭燕尾(wei)”之(zhi)稱(cheng),給人(ren)以剛(gang)健的(de)動感,尤其(qi)是捺腳(jiao)較(jiao)長,頓挫后踢出開衩,含蓄(xu)而又有(you)(you)峻利(li)之(zhi)感。另外,顏(yan)(yan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)捺畫(hua)的(de)捺腳(jiao)多與撇(pie)畫(hua)鋒(feng)尖(jian)持平或(huo)稍(shao)低,不似柳體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)撇(pie)低捺高,而呈現出一種舒展沉穩(wen)之(zhi)美(mei)。《多寶塔碑》轉(zhuan)(zhuan)折變(bian)化較(jiao)多,主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)提聳肩頓挫和按(an)筆削(xue)肩暗(an)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)之(zhi)法(fa)(fa),有(you)(you)方有(you)(you)圓,方圓兼施。該(gai)碑具(ju)有(you)(you)唐(tang)楷“尚(shang)法(fa)(fa)”的(de)典型特征,結體(ti)(ti)(ti)寬(kuan)博,布白較(jiao)勻整,字型稍(shao)方,端莊平穩(wen),正氣飽滿,已初顯(xian)顏(yan)(yan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)成熟(shu)期(qi)正面示人(ren)、雄渾(hun)豪邁(mai)的(de)書風。
《多(duo)寶(bao)塔碑》整篇結(jie)(jie)構(gou)嚴密,字(zi)行間有烏絲欄界格,其結(jie)(jie)體(ti)(ti)寬博(bo),布(bu)白較勻(yun)整,字(zi)型稍方,端(duan)莊平穩,正(zheng)氣(qi)飽滿,布(bu)勢(shi)均勻(yun),四周撐滿,故氣(qi)勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉,這(zhe)(zhe)是“顏體(ti)(ti)”佛書的又一特(te)色。顏真卿的結(jie)(jie)體(ti)(ti),用的是“外拓(tuo)”筆法,字(zi)勢(shi)方正(zheng),撇捺竭力向左(zuo)右拓(tuo)展,氣(qi)勢(shi)博(bo)大恢弘。無論獨(du)體(ti)(ti)字(zi),還(huan)是合(he)體(ti)(ti)字(zi),都以(yi)中(zhong)心軸線(xian)(xian)為重心,在結(jie)(jie)構(gou)處理上,既講(jiang)究(jiu)規矩,又生動活潑。在楷書史(shi)上還(huan)沒(mei)有一個人有過這(zhe)(zhe)樣的結(jie)(jie)體(ti)(ti)方式(shi),尤(you)其是捺腳,重拙而不作(zuo)波曳之狀,線(xian)(xian)條澀重雄(xiong)強,氣(qi)概非凡。
《多寶塔碑》的章法之美:整幅作(zuo)品縱橫(heng)整齊。從縱看,字的中(zhong)心在中(zhong)軸線(xian)上;字的大小配(pei)合得當。整體雄偉(wei)恢(hui)弘,實也(ye)秀(xiu)媚多姿。
明代學者孫鑛(kuang)《書畫(hua)跋》:“此(ci)是魯公最(zui)勻穩書,亦(yi)盡秀媚多姿,第微帶俗,正是近世掾(yuan)史家鼻(bi)祖。”
明(ming)代戲曲(qu)理(li)論(lun)家(jia)何良俊(jun)《四友齋書(shu)論(lun)》:“正所謂(wei)世下最(zui)傳者(zhe),蓋魯公(gong)書(shu)妙在(zai)險勁,而此書(shu)太整齊,失之板耳。”
現代(dai)書(shu)法(fa)家歐陽(yang)中石(shi):“它是顏(yan)碑中最講用筆,法(fa)度最為細密嚴謹的一部。”
陜(shan)西師范大學歷史文(wen)化學院(yuan)教授張懋镕:“整(zheng)篇結構嚴密(mi),點畫圓(yuan)整(zheng),端莊而不呆板。”
《多(duo)寶塔(ta)碑》蘊含了“二王”和初唐(tang)以來(lai)書(shu)家(jia)的風(feng)流,歷來(lai)為書(shu)家(jia)珍重。它(ta)是唐(tang)代“尚法(fa)”的代表碑刻之一(yi),學顏體者多(duo)從此碑下(xia)手,入(ru)其堂奧。學子描紅、士(shi)子舉業、居士(shi)寫經(jing)、坊間印書(shu),競相仿效。至今仍是適用非常廣、影響十分(fen)巨大(da)的書(shu)法(fa)作品(pin)。
顏(yan)真卿(qing)傳(chuan)世書(shu)碑(bei)(bei)之作(zuo)中,《多(duo)寶塔碑(bei)(bei)》所蘊文獻價(jia)值是非常大的(de)。其一(yi),此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)書(shu)寫厚重,石(shi)料堅硬細膩,加上運用了直刀(dao)深刻(ke)法進行鐫刻(ke),因(yin)而歷經(jing)1000多(duo)年的(de)錘(chui)拓仍完(wan)好如(ru)初,字(zi)口清晰,神采奕(yi)奕(yi)。除康熙年間(jian)碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)斷裂(lie)損泐(le)二十字(zi)之外,無缺文、疑字(zi),這(zhe)對賞鑒顏(yan)書(shu)、校考碑(bei)(bei)文、考辨各(ge)代(dai)拓本流傳(chuan)都甚為有利(li)。其二,碑(bei)(bei)文撰者岑(cen)勛、多(duo)寶塔出資助(zhu)修者許王瓘,檢閱史籍后考得(de)生(sheng)平事跡一(yi)二,或可補史志未(wei)載(zai)。其三,碑(bei)(bei)文所記禪師楚金事可與同門僧人(ren)飛錫撰《楚金禪師碑(bei)(bei)》及佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文獻互參校考。其四,多(duo)寶塔碑(bei)(bei)敘(xu)記之事多(duo)有虛誕,但基于唐(tang)玄宗時佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)發(fa)展(zhan)達于極(ji)盛(sheng),伽藍之數較(jiao)唐(tang)初幾增一(yi)倍的(de)史實(shi),反觀此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)言及,亦無疑是對當時“抑而不毀”的(de)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)之況、政教(jiao)關系的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)反映(ying)。
《多(duo)寶塔(ta)碑(bei)》,唐天寶十(shi)一年(752年)四月二十(shi)二日刻立。碑(bei)原在長安(an)城安(an)定坊千佛寺,北(bei)宋初移入文廟,后又(you)移至西安(an)碑(bei)林。
清康熙年間(jian),此碑左(zuo)側近中(zhong)部處,即三(san)十一行至(zhi)三(san)十四行(最末四行)泐去半圓形(xing)一大塊,泐二十字。故凡此處碑字不損者,必為清初拓本。