《天(tian)際(ji)烏云(yun)帖(tie)》又稱《嵩陽帖(tie)》,蘇軾詩文一章,行書(shu),真(zhen)跡曾由明(ming)代項元汴收藏,清歸翁(weng)方綱(gang),有(you)翁(weng)氏題跋。共三十六行,計三百零七個字。藏處不詳。
此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)無年(nian)(nian)款,據清翁方綱所(suo)考,蘇(su)軾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)《常潤道中(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)懷錢(qian)(qian)唐,寄述(shu)古五首》之作(zuo)(zuo),其次(ci)章有(you)(you)(you)“去年(nian)(nian)柳絮(xu)飛時(shi)節,記得金籠(long)放雪(xue)衣”句,并(bing)自(zi)(zi)注云(yun)(yun):“杭(hang)(hang)人以放鴿為(wei)(wei)太守壽。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)正是(shi)帖(tie)(tie)中(zhong)所(suo)言陳太守放營妓周(zhou)韶事(shi)(shi),杭(hang)(hang)人稱譽之。因周(zhou)韶詩中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“開(kai)籠(long)若放雪(xue)衣女”事(shi)(shi),正應放鴿為(wei)(wei)壽。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)五、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)。翁氏(shi)又(you)(you)(you)考蘇(su)詩外集(ji)有(you)(you)(you)《過(guo)濰州(zhou)驛,見(jian)蔡(cai)君謨題(ti)(ti)詩壁(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun):“綽約新(xin)嬌生(sheng)眼底,逡巡舊事(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)眉尖。春來(lai)試問愁(chou)多少,得似春潮夜(ye)夜(ye)添。不(bu)(bu)知為(wei)(wei)誰而作(zuo)(zuo)也?和一首》。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)軾(shi)自(zi)(zi)密州(zhou)移徐州(zhou)之際,即(ji)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)蘇(su)軾(shi)濰州(zhou)度歲時(shi)。翁氏(shi)即(ji)猜(cai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)十年(nian)(nian)書。然詩與帖(tie)(tie)又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)矛盾:帖(tie)(tie)云(yun)(yun)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)塘”見(jian)“堂(tang)前小閣中(zhong)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)”書蔡(cai)君謨“綽約新(xin)嬌”詩,而詩云(yun)(yun):“過(guo)濰州(zhou)驛,見(jian)蔡(cai)君謨題(ti)(ti)詩壁(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun):‘綽約新(xin)嬌……'。”二者(zhe)必有(you)(you)(you)一偽。再,《蘇(su)文(wen)忠公詩編注集(ji)成(cheng)總案》又(you)(you)(you)載蘇(su)軾(shi)《題(ti)(ti)蔡(cai)君謨詩草》云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)蔡(cai)君謨—《夢中(zhong)》—詩,真(zhen)跡在(zai)(zai)濟明家,筆(bi)力(li)遒勁。”并(bing)自(zi)(zi)署為(wei)(wei)“元皊五年(nian)(nian)十月(yue)四(si)日(ri)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)蘇(su)軾(shi)知杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)事(shi)(shi),距初悴杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)又(you)(you)(you)十五、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。這又(you)(you)(you)留下一個可(ke)猜(cai)想的(de)余地(di)。但(dan)帖(tie)(tie)中(zhong)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)塘”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),書此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)時(shi)必不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)塘。因之,斷(duan)為(wei)(wei)熙(xi)寧(ning)十年(nian)(nian)左右較合理。然翁氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)帖(tie)(tie)考中(zhong)又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)書頗類(lei)《滿庭芳(fang)詞——為(wei)(wei)王長官作(zuo)(zuo)》和《上(shang)(shang)(shang)清宮詞》書。前者(zhe)書于(yu)元豐六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian),后者(zhe)書于(yu)元皊二年(nian)(nian)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)斷(duan)定在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)十年(nian)(nian)至元皊二年(nian)(nian)這十年(nian)(nian)之間(jian)(jian)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)又(you)(you)(you)平添一重疑(yi)難也。
翁氏(shi)收藏(zang)此(ci)帖(tie)后,又(you)引起(qi)了是否鈞(jun)填(tian)本(ben)的(de)爭論。因存世蘇書鉤(gou)填(tian)本(ben)很多,而此(ci)帖(tie)紙質擦損嚴重,“有二一描失處”,故疑之(zhi)。但翁氏(shi)肯(ken)定說這是真(zhen)跡(ji)本(ben),并(bing)將此(ci)帖(tie)與《快(kuai)雪(xue)堂帖(tie)》刻本(ben)逐一比(bi)較(jiao),而斷(duan)定《快(kuai)雪(xue)堂帖(tie)》刻本(ben)所(suo)據乃為董其昌記載所(suo)見之(zhi)摹本(ben)。在沒有尋(xun)找到更多的(de)證(zheng)據前,我(wo)們尊(zun)重翁氏(shi)之(zhi)論,也是有道理的(de)。
“天際烏云(yun)含雨重,樓(lou)前紅日(ri)照山明。嵩陽居士(shi)今何(he)(在(zai)),青眼看人萬(wan)里情。”此蔡君謨《夢中(zhong)》詩也(ye)。仆在(zai)錢塘,一日(ri)謁陳述(古),邀余飲堂前小合(he)中(zhong)。壁(bi)上小書一絕,君謨真跡也(ye)。“綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌生(sheng)眼底,侵尋舊(jiu)事上眉(mei)尖。問君別(bie)后愁(chou)多少,得似春(chun)(chun)潮(chao)夜(ye)夜(ye)添(tian)。”又(you)(you)有(you)人和云(yun):“長垂玉筋殘(can)妝臉,肯為(wei)金釵露(lu)指尖。萬(wan)斛閑愁(chou)何(he)日(ri)盡,一分真態(tai)更難(nan)添(tian)。”二詩皆可觀,后詩不知誰作(zuo)也(ye)。杭州營籍周韶,多蓄奇茗(ming),常與(yu)君謨斗,勝之。韶又(you)(you)知作(zuo)詩。子(zi)容過杭,述古飲之,韶泣(qi)求落籍。子(zi)容曰(yue):“可作(zuo)一絕,”韶援筆(bi)立成、曰(yue):“隴上巢空歲月(yue)驚(jing),忍看回(hui)首自梳翎。開籠(long)若(ruo)(ruo)放(fang)雪(xue)衣(yi)女,長念觀音般若(ruo)(ruo)經(jing)。”韶時有(you)服,衣(yi)白(bai),一坐嗟(jie)嘆。遂落籍。同(tong)輩皆有(you)詩送之,二人者最善(shan)。胡楚云(yun):“淡妝輕(qing)素鶴翎紅,移入朱(zhu)欄便不同(tong)。應(ying)笑西園舊(jiu)桃李,強(qiang)勻顏色待東風。”龍靚云(yun):“桃花流水本無塵,一落人間幾度春(chun)(chun)。解佩暫酬交甫意,濯纓還(huan)作(zuo)武陵人。”故(gu)知杭人多惠也(ye)。