《天(tian)際烏(wu)云帖》又稱《嵩陽帖》,蘇(su)軾(shi)詩(shi)文一章,行書,真跡曾由明代項(xiang)元(yuan)汴收藏,清(qing)歸(gui)翁(weng)方綱,有翁(weng)氏(shi)題跋。共三十六行,計三百零七個字。藏處(chu)不詳。
此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)無年(nian)(nian)款,據清(qing)翁(weng)方綱所考(kao)(kao),蘇軾有(you)(you)《常潤道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)懷(huai)錢(qian)(qian)唐(tang),寄(ji)述古五首》之(zhi)作,其次(ci)章(zhang)有(you)(you)“去年(nian)(nian)柳絮飛時(shi)(shi)節,記得金籠放(fang)(fang)雪衣”句,并(bing)自注云(yun)(yun):“杭人以放(fang)(fang)鴿為(wei)(wei)太守(shou)壽(shou)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)正是帖(tie)(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所言陳太守(shou)放(fang)(fang)營妓周韶事,杭人稱譽之(zhi)。因(yin)(yin)周韶詩中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)“開籠若(ruo)放(fang)(fang)雪衣女”事,正應放(fang)(fang)鴿為(wei)(wei)壽(shou)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)五、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)間事。翁(weng)氏(shi)又(you)考(kao)(kao)蘇詩外集有(you)(you)《過濰州(zhou)驛,見(jian)蔡君(jun)謨題(ti)詩壁(bi)(bi)上云(yun)(yun):“綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌生(sheng)眼底,逡巡舊事上眉尖。春來試問愁(chou)多少,得似春潮夜(ye)夜(ye)添。不知(zhi)為(wei)(wei)誰(shui)而作也?和一(yi)(yi)首》。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事在(zai)(zai)(zai)蘇軾自密州(zhou)移徐州(zhou)之(zhi)際,即在(zai)(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)九年(nian)(nian)蘇軾濰州(zhou)度(du)歲(sui)時(shi)(shi)。翁(weng)氏(shi)即猜此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)書(shu)。然(ran)詩與帖(tie)(tie)又(you)有(you)(you)矛盾:帖(tie)(tie)云(yun)(yun)“仆(pu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)塘(tang)”見(jian)“堂(tang)前(qian)小(xiao)閣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壁(bi)(bi)上”書(shu)蔡君(jun)謨“綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌”詩,而詩云(yun)(yun):“過濰州(zhou)驛,見(jian)蔡君(jun)謨題(ti)詩壁(bi)(bi)上云(yun)(yun):‘綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌……'。”二(er)者必(bi)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)偽。再(zai),《蘇文忠公詩編注集成(cheng)總案》又(you)載蘇軾《題(ti)蔡君(jun)謨詩草》云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)蔡君(jun)謨—《夢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)》—詩,真跡(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)濟明家(jia),筆力(li)遒勁。”并(bing)自署為(wei)(wei)“元(yuan)皊五年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月四(si)日”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是蘇軾知(zhi)杭州(zhou)事,距初悴杭州(zhou)又(you)十(shi)五、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)間。這(zhe)(zhe)又(you)留下(xia)一(yi)(yi)個可猜想(xiang)的余地(di)。但帖(tie)(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“仆(pu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)塘(tang)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),書(shu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)時(shi)(shi)必(bi)不在(zai)(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)塘(tang)。因(yin)(yin)之(zhi),斷為(wei)(wei)熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)左右較合理。然(ran)翁(weng)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)帖(tie)(tie)考(kao)(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)云(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)書(shu)頗類《滿庭(ting)芳(fang)詞——為(wei)(wei)王長官作》和《上清(qing)宮(gong)詞》書(shu)。前(qian)者書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)豐六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian),后者書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)皊二(er)年(nian)(nian)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)斷定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)元(yuan)皊二(er)年(nian)(nian)這(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)間。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)又(you)平添一(yi)(yi)重疑難也。
翁氏收藏此帖(tie)后,又引起了是否鈞填本的(de)爭(zheng)論(lun)。因存世(shi)蘇書鉤填本很(hen)多,而此帖(tie)紙質擦損嚴重,“有(you)二一(yi)描失處”,故疑之(zhi)。但翁氏肯定(ding)說這(zhe)是真跡本,并將(jiang)此帖(tie)與《快雪堂(tang)帖(tie)》刻本逐一(yi)比較,而斷定(ding)《快雪堂(tang)帖(tie)》刻本所據乃為董其昌記載(zai)所見之(zhi)摹本。在沒有(you)尋找到更多的(de)證據前,我們(men)尊重翁氏之(zhi)論(lun),也是有(you)道理的(de)。
“天際烏云(yun)(yun)含雨(yu)重,樓前紅(hong)日照山明。嵩陽居士今何(在(zai)),青眼看(kan)人(ren)(ren)萬里情。”此蔡君謨《夢(meng)中(zhong)》詩(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。仆(pu)在(zai)錢塘,一(yi)日謁陳(chen)述(shu)(古),邀(yao)余飲堂前小合中(zhong)。壁上(shang)小書一(yi)絕(jue),君謨真(zhen)跡也(ye)。“綽約新嬌生眼底,侵(qin)尋(xun)舊(jiu)事(shi)上(shang)眉尖。問君別后愁(chou)多少,得似(si)春潮夜(ye)夜(ye)添。”又(you)有(you)人(ren)(ren)和云(yun)(yun):“長(chang)垂玉筋殘(can)妝(zhuang)臉,肯為金釵露指(zhi)尖。萬斛(hu)閑愁(chou)何日盡,一(yi)分真(zhen)態更難添。”二詩(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)可(ke)(ke)觀(guan),后詩(shi)(shi)(shi)不知誰作(zuo)也(ye)。杭州營籍(ji)周韶(shao)(shao),多蓄奇茗,常與君謨斗,勝之。韶(shao)(shao)又(you)知作(zuo)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)。子容過杭,述(shu)古飲之,韶(shao)(shao)泣求(qiu)落(luo)籍(ji)。子容曰:“可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)一(yi)絕(jue),”韶(shao)(shao)援筆(bi)立成(cheng)、曰:“隴上(shang)巢空(kong)歲月驚,忍(ren)看(kan)回首自梳翎。開籠(long)若(ruo)放雪衣(yi)女,長(chang)念觀(guan)音(yin)般若(ruo)經(jing)。”韶(shao)(shao)時有(you)服,衣(yi)白,一(yi)坐嗟嘆。遂落(luo)籍(ji)。同輩皆(jie)有(you)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)之,二人(ren)(ren)者最善(shan)。胡(hu)楚云(yun)(yun):“淡妝(zhuang)輕(qing)素鶴翎紅(hong),移入朱欄便不同。應笑西園舊(jiu)桃李,強勻(yun)顏色待東(dong)風。”龍靚(jing)云(yun)(yun):“桃花(hua)流水本無塵,一(yi)落(luo)人(ren)(ren)間(jian)幾(ji)度春。解佩暫(zan)酬交甫意(yi),濯(zhuo)纓還作(zuo)武陵(ling)人(ren)(ren)。”故知杭人(ren)(ren)多惠也(ye)。