《天際烏云帖(tie)》又稱《嵩陽(yang)帖(tie)》,蘇軾(shi)詩文一章(zhang),行(xing)書(shu),真跡曾由明代項元(yuan)汴收藏,清歸翁(weng)方綱(gang),有(you)翁(weng)氏題跋。共(gong)三(san)十六行(xing),計(ji)三(san)百(bai)零七個字。藏處(chu)不詳。
此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)無(wu)年(nian)(nian)款,據(ju)清翁方(fang)綱所(suo)考,蘇(su)軾(shi)有(you)《常潤道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)懷錢唐,寄(ji)述古(gu)五(wu)首》之(zhi)作,其(qi)次章(zhang)有(you)“去(qu)年(nian)(nian)柳絮飛時(shi)節(jie),記得金籠(long)放雪(xue)衣(yi)”句,并自注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“杭(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)人以放鴿為(wei)(wei)太守(shou)壽(shou)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)正是(shi)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)言陳太守(shou)放營妓周(zhou)韶事(shi)(shi),杭(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)人稱譽之(zhi)。因(yin)周(zhou)韶詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“開籠(long)若放雪(xue)衣(yi)女(nv)”事(shi)(shi),正應放鴿為(wei)(wei)壽(shou)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)五(wu)、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)。翁氏(shi)又(you)(you)考蘇(su)詩(shi)外集有(you)《過(guo)(guo)濰州(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡君謨題(ti)詩(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)云(yun)(yun):“綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌(jiao)生眼底,逡巡舊事(shi)(shi)上(shang)眉尖(jian)。春(chun)來試問愁多(duo)少,得似春(chun)潮夜夜添。不(bu)(bu)知為(wei)(wei)誰(shui)而(er)作也(ye)?和(he)一(yi)(yi)首》。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)軾(shi)自密州(zhou)移徐州(zhou)之(zhi)際,即在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)九年(nian)(nian)蘇(su)軾(shi)濰州(zhou)度歲時(shi)。翁氏(shi)即猜此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)書(shu)。然詩(shi)與帖(tie)(tie)(tie)又(you)(you)有(you)矛盾:帖(tie)(tie)(tie)云(yun)(yun)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢塘(tang)”見“堂前小閣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壁(bi)上(shang)”書(shu)蔡君謨“綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌(jiao)”詩(shi),而(er)詩(shi)云(yun)(yun):“過(guo)(guo)濰州(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡君謨題(ti)詩(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)云(yun)(yun):‘綽約(yue)新(xin)嬌(jiao)……'。”二(er)者(zhe)必有(you)一(yi)(yi)偽。再,《蘇(su)文忠公詩(shi)編注(zhu)集成總案(an)》又(you)(you)載(zai)蘇(su)軾(shi)《題(ti)蔡君謨詩(shi)草》云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)蔡君謨—《夢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)》—詩(shi),真跡在(zai)(zai)濟明(ming)家(jia),筆力遒勁。”并自署為(wei)(wei)“元(yuan)(yuan)皊五(wu)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月(yue)四日”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)蘇(su)軾(shi)知杭(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)事(shi)(shi),距初悴杭(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)又(you)(you)十(shi)五(wu)、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)(zhe)又(you)(you)留下(xia)一(yi)(yi)個可猜想的余地。但帖(tie)(tie)(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢塘(tang)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),書(shu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)時(shi)必不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)錢塘(tang)。因(yin)之(zhi),斷為(wei)(wei)熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)左右較合(he)理。然翁氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)考中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)書(shu)頗(po)類(lei)《滿(man)庭芳詞——為(wei)(wei)王長官作》和(he)《上(shang)清宮詞》書(shu)。前者(zhe)書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)豐六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian),后者(zhe)書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)皊二(er)年(nian)(nian)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)斷定在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)至元(yuan)(yuan)皊二(er)年(nian)(nian)這(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)又(you)(you)平添一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)疑難也(ye)。
翁氏收(shou)藏此帖(tie)(tie)后,又引(yin)起了是否鈞填(tian)本的爭論。因(yin)存世蘇書(shu)鉤填(tian)本很多(duo),而(er)(er)此帖(tie)(tie)紙質擦損嚴重(zhong)(zhong),“有(you)二一描失處”,故(gu)疑之(zhi)。但翁氏肯定說這是真跡(ji)本,并將此帖(tie)(tie)與(yu)《快雪堂(tang)帖(tie)(tie)》刻本逐一比(bi)較,而(er)(er)斷定《快雪堂(tang)帖(tie)(tie)》刻本所據(ju)乃為(wei)董(dong)其昌(chang)記載所見之(zhi)摹本。在(zai)沒有(you)尋找(zhao)到更多(duo)的證據(ju)前,我們尊(zun)重(zhong)(zhong)翁氏之(zhi)論,也(ye)是有(you)道理的。
“天際烏云(yun)含雨重(zhong),樓前紅(hong)日照山明(ming)。嵩陽居士今何(在(zai)),青眼(yan)看人(ren)(ren)萬里情。”此蔡君謨《夢中》詩(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。仆在(zai)錢塘,一(yi)日謁陳述(古),邀余飲堂前小合中。壁(bi)上小書(shu)一(yi)絕,君謨真跡也(ye)(ye)。“綽約新(xin)嬌生眼(yan)底,侵尋舊(jiu)事上眉尖(jian)。問君別后愁多(duo)少,得似春潮(chao)夜(ye)夜(ye)添。”又有(you)人(ren)(ren)和云(yun):“長(chang)垂玉筋殘(can)妝臉,肯為(wei)金釵露指尖(jian)。萬斛閑愁何日盡,一(yi)分真態更難添。”二詩(shi)(shi)皆可觀(guan),后詩(shi)(shi)不知誰(shui)作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)。杭(hang)州(zhou)營籍(ji)(ji)周韶(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),多(duo)蓄(xu)奇茗,常(chang)與君謨斗,勝之。韶(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)又知作(zuo)詩(shi)(shi)。子容(rong)過(guo)杭(hang),述古飲之,韶(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)泣求(qiu)落(luo)籍(ji)(ji)。子容(rong)曰(yue)(yue):“可作(zuo)一(yi)絕,”韶(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)援筆立成、曰(yue)(yue):“隴上巢(chao)空歲月驚,忍(ren)看回首(shou)自梳翎。開(kai)籠若放雪衣女,長(chang)念(nian)觀(guan)音般(ban)若經(jing)。”韶(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)時(shi)有(you)服,衣白,一(yi)坐(zuo)嗟嘆。遂落(luo)籍(ji)(ji)。同(tong)(tong)輩皆有(you)詩(shi)(shi)送之,二人(ren)(ren)者最(zui)善(shan)。胡(hu)楚云(yun):“淡妝輕(qing)素鶴(he)翎紅(hong),移(yi)入朱欄便不同(tong)(tong)。應笑西園(yuan)舊(jiu)桃李,強勻顏色待東風。”龍靚云(yun):“桃花(hua)流(liu)水本無塵(chen),一(yi)落(luo)人(ren)(ren)間(jian)幾(ji)度春。解佩(pei)暫酬交甫(fu)意,濯纓還作(zuo)武陵人(ren)(ren)。”故知杭(hang)人(ren)(ren)多(duo)惠也(ye)(ye)。