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基本介紹

《天(tian)際烏(wu)云(yun)帖》又稱《嵩陽(yang)帖》，蘇軾詩文一章，行書，真跡曾由(you)明代(dai)項(xiang)元汴收藏，清歸翁方(fang)綱，有(you)翁氏題(ti)跋。共三(san)十(shi)六行，計三(san)百(bai)零(ling)七個字。藏處(chu)不詳。

簡介

此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)無年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)款，據清翁(weng)方綱(gang)所考，蘇(su)軾有(you)(you)《常潤道中，有(you)(you)懷錢(qian)(qian)唐，寄述(shu)古五(wu)首(shou)》之作(zuo)，其次章有(you)(you)“去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)柳絮(xu)飛時節，記(ji)得金籠(long)放(fang)雪衣”句，并(bing)自注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“杭人以放(fang)鴿為太(tai)守(shou)壽。”此(ci)(ci)正是帖(tie)中所言陳太(tai)守(shou)放(fang)營(ying)妓(ji)周(zhou)韶事(shi)(shi)，杭人稱譽之。因周(zhou)韶詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中有(you)(you)“開籠(long)若放(fang)雪衣女(nv)”事(shi)(shi)，正應(ying)放(fang)鴿為壽。此(ci)(ci)在熙(xi)寧(ning)五(wu)、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間事(shi)(shi)。翁(weng)氏(shi)(shi)又(you)考蘇(su)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)外集有(you)(you)《過濰(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)驛，見蔡君(jun)謨題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)：“綽約(yue)新嬌(jiao)生(sheng)眼底，逡巡舊事(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)眉尖。春(chun)來(lai)試問愁多少，得似春(chun)潮夜夜添。不知為誰而作(zuo)也?和一(yi)首(shou)》。此(ci)(ci)事(shi)(shi)在蘇(su)軾自密州(zhou)(zhou)移(yi)徐州(zhou)(zhou)之際，即在熙(xi)寧(ning)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蘇(su)軾濰(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)度(du)歲時。翁(weng)氏(shi)(shi)即猜此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)在熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)書。然(ran)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)與帖(tie)又(you)有(you)(you)矛(mao)盾：帖(tie)云(yun)(yun)“仆(pu)在錢(qian)(qian)塘”見“堂前小(xiao)閣中壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)”書蔡君(jun)謨“綽約(yue)新嬌(jiao)”詩(shi)(shi)(shi)，而詩(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)：“過濰(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)驛，見蔡君(jun)謨題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)：‘綽約(yue)新嬌(jiao)……'。”二者必有(you)(you)一(yi)偽。再(zai)，《蘇(su)文(wen)忠公詩(shi)(shi)(shi)編注(zhu)集成總案(an)》又(you)載蘇(su)軾《題(ti)蔡君(jun)謨詩(shi)(shi)(shi)草》云(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)(ci)蔡君(jun)謨—《夢中》—詩(shi)(shi)(shi),真跡在濟明家，筆力遒(qiu)勁。”并(bing)自署(shu)為“元(yuan)(yuan)皊(ling)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)月四(si)日”。此(ci)(ci)是蘇(su)軾知杭州(zhou)(zhou)事(shi)(shi)，距初悴杭州(zhou)(zhou)又(you)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時間。這又(you)留下一(yi)個可猜想的余(yu)地。但(dan)帖(tie)中“仆(pu)在錢(qian)(qian)塘”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，書此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)時必不在錢(qian)(qian)塘。因之，斷為熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右較合理。然(ran)翁(weng)氏(shi)(shi)在帖(tie)考中又(you)云(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)書頗類(lei)《滿庭芳詞——為王長(chang)官(guan)作(zuo)》和《上(shang)(shang)清宮(gong)詞》書。前者書于元(yuan)(yuan)豐六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，后者書于元(yuan)(yuan)皊(ling)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。因此(ci)(ci)斷定在熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至元(yuan)(yuan)皊(ling)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)這十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之間。此(ci)(ci)又(you)平添一(yi)重疑難也。

翁氏(shi)收藏(zang)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)后(hou)，又引起了是否鈞填本(ben)的爭論(lun)。因(yin)存(cun)世蘇書鉤填本(ben)很多，而(er)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)紙質擦損(sun)嚴重(zhong)，“有二一(yi)描失處(chu)”，故疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但翁氏(shi)肯定說這是真(zhen)跡(ji)本(ben)，并將此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)與《快(kuai)雪堂帖(tie)》刻(ke)本(ben)逐一(yi)比較，而(er)斷定《快(kuai)雪堂帖(tie)》刻(ke)本(ben)所據(ju)乃為董(dong)其(qi)昌(chang)記載(zai)所見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摹本(ben)。在(zai)沒有尋找到更多的證據(ju)前，我們(men)尊(zun)重(zhong)翁氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)，也是有道(dao)理的。

內容介紹

釋文

“天際烏云含(han)雨重，樓前(qian)紅日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)山明。嵩陽居士今何（在(zai)），青(qing)眼看人(ren)(ren)(ren)萬里(li)情。”此蔡君謨《夢中(zhong)》詩(shi)也。仆在(zai)錢塘，一(yi)日(ri)(ri)謁(ye)陳述(shu)(shu)（古），邀余飲(yin)堂(tang)前(qian)小合中(zhong)。壁上小書一(yi)絕(jue)，君謨真跡也。“綽約新嬌(jiao)生(sheng)眼底，侵尋舊事上眉尖。問君別后(hou)愁多少，得似春潮夜夜添。”又有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和云：“長垂(chui)玉筋(jin)殘妝臉，肯為金(jin)釵露指(zhi)尖。萬斛閑愁何日(ri)(ri)盡，一(yi)分(fen)真態更(geng)難添。”二詩(shi)皆可觀，后(hou)詩(shi)不知(zhi)(zhi)誰作也。杭(hang)州營籍周韶(shao)，多蓄奇茗，常與(yu)君謨斗，勝之(zhi)。韶(shao)又知(zhi)(zhi)作詩(shi)。子容(rong)過(guo)杭(hang)，述(shu)(shu)古飲(yin)之(zhi)，韶(shao)泣求落籍。子容(rong)曰：“可作一(yi)絕(jue)，”韶(shao)援筆(bi)立成、曰：“隴上巢空歲月驚(jing)，忍看回首自梳翎(ling)。開籠若放雪衣(yi)女(nv)，長念觀音般若經。”韶(shao)時有(you)服，衣(yi)白，一(yi)坐嗟嘆。遂落籍。同(tong)輩皆有(you)詩(shi)送之(zhi)，二人(ren)(ren)(ren)者最善。胡楚云：“淡妝輕素(su)鶴翎(ling)紅，移入朱(zhu)欄便不同(tong)。應笑西園舊桃(tao)李，強勻(yun)顏色待(dai)東風(feng)。”龍靚云：“桃(tao)花流水本(ben)無(wu)塵，一(yi)落人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian)幾度(du)春。解佩暫(zan)酬交甫意，濯纓還作武陵人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”故知(zhi)(zhi)杭(hang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多惠也。