《天際烏云帖(tie)》又(you)稱《嵩陽(yang)帖(tie)》,蘇軾詩(shi)文一章(zhang),行(xing)書(shu),真(zhen)跡(ji)曾由(you)明代項元(yuan)汴收藏(zang),清歸翁方(fang)綱,有翁氏題跋。共三十(shi)六行(xing),計三百(bai)零七個(ge)字。藏(zang)處不詳。
此帖(tie)(tie)(tie)無(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)款(kuan),據清(qing)翁(weng)(weng)方綱所考(kao),蘇(su)軾有(you)(you)《常潤道中(zhong),有(you)(you)懷錢(qian)唐,寄述(shu)古五(wu)首》之(zhi)作,其次章有(you)(you)“去年(nian)(nian)(nian)柳絮飛時節,記(ji)得金籠(long)(long)放雪衣”句,并(bing)自(zi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“杭人以放鴿為太守壽(shou)。”此正(zheng)是(shi)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)中(zhong)所言(yan)陳太守放營妓周韶(shao)事(shi),杭人稱(cheng)譽(yu)之(zhi)。因周韶(shao)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)“開籠(long)(long)若(ruo)放雪衣女”事(shi),正(zheng)應(ying)放鴿為壽(shou)。此在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧五(wu)、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間事(shi)。翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)又考(kao)蘇(su)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)外集(ji)有(you)(you)《過(guo)濰(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)題(ti)(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)云(yun)(yun):“綽(chuo)約新嬌生(sheng)眼底,逡巡舊事(shi)上(shang)眉尖(jian)。春來試(shi)問愁(chou)多(duo)少,得似(si)春潮(chao)夜夜添(tian)。不知(zhi)為誰而(er)作也?和一首》。此事(shi)在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)軾自(zi)密州(zhou)(zhou)移(yi)徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)際,即(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧九年(nian)(nian)(nian)蘇(su)軾濰(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)度歲時。翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)即(ji)(ji)猜此帖(tie)(tie)(tie)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧十年(nian)(nian)(nian)書(shu)。然(ran)(ran)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)與帖(tie)(tie)(tie)又有(you)(you)矛盾:帖(tie)(tie)(tie)云(yun)(yun)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘”見“堂前小閣中(zhong)壁(bi)上(shang)”書(shu)蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)“綽(chuo)約新嬌”詩(shi)(shi)(shi),而(er)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun):“過(guo)濰(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)題(ti)(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)云(yun)(yun):‘綽(chuo)約新嬌……'。”二者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)一偽。再,《蘇(su)文忠公(gong)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)編(bian)注(zhu)集(ji)成(cheng)總(zong)案》又載蘇(su)軾《題(ti)(ti)蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)草》云(yun)(yun):“此蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)—《夢中(zhong)》—詩(shi)(shi)(shi),真跡在(zai)(zai)濟明家,筆力遒勁。”并(bing)自(zi)署為“元(yuan)皊五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十月四日”。此是(shi)蘇(su)軾知(zhi)杭州(zhou)(zhou)事(shi),距(ju)初悴杭州(zhou)(zhou)又十五(wu)、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)時間。這(zhe)又留下一個可猜想的余地。但帖(tie)(tie)(tie)中(zhong)“仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),書(shu)此帖(tie)(tie)(tie)時必(bi)(bi)不在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘。因之(zhi),斷為熙(xi)(xi)寧十年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右較合理。然(ran)(ran)翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)帖(tie)(tie)(tie)考(kao)中(zhong)又云(yun)(yun)此帖(tie)(tie)(tie)書(shu)頗(po)類(lei)《滿庭芳(fang)詞(ci)——為王長官作》和《上(shang)清(qing)宮詞(ci)》書(shu)。前者(zhe)書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)豐六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),后(hou)者(zhe)書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)皊二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。因此斷定在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)(xi)寧十年(nian)(nian)(nian)至元(yuan)皊二年(nian)(nian)(nian)這(zhe)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)間。此又平添(tian)一重疑難也。
翁(weng)氏(shi)收藏此(ci)帖(tie)后,又(you)引起了是(shi)否鈞填(tian)本(ben)(ben)的(de)爭論。因存世(shi)蘇書鉤填(tian)本(ben)(ben)很多,而此(ci)帖(tie)紙質擦損嚴重,“有二一(yi)描失處”,故疑之(zhi)。但翁(weng)氏(shi)肯定(ding)說這是(shi)真跡本(ben)(ben),并將此(ci)帖(tie)與(yu)《快(kuai)雪(xue)堂(tang)帖(tie)》刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)逐一(yi)比較(jiao),而斷定(ding)《快(kuai)雪(xue)堂(tang)帖(tie)》刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)所據乃為董(dong)其昌(chang)記載所見之(zhi)摹本(ben)(ben)。在沒有尋找(zhao)到更多的(de)證據前,我們尊重翁(weng)氏(shi)之(zhi)論,也(ye)是(shi)有道理的(de)。
“天(tian)際烏云(yun)(yun)含雨重(zhong),樓(lou)前紅(hong)日(ri)照山明。嵩陽居(ju)士今何(在),青眼看人(ren)(ren)萬(wan)里情。”此蔡君(jun)謨《夢中》詩也(ye)。仆在錢塘(tang),一(yi)日(ri)謁陳述(古),邀(yao)余飲(yin)堂前小合(he)中。壁上小書一(yi)絕,君(jun)謨真跡也(ye)。“綽約新嬌生眼底,侵尋舊事上眉(mei)尖。問君(jun)別(bie)后(hou)(hou)愁(chou)多(duo)少,得似(si)春潮夜夜添。”又有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)和云(yun)(yun):“長垂玉筋(jin)殘妝臉,肯為金(jin)釵露指尖。萬(wan)斛閑愁(chou)何日(ri)盡(jin),一(yi)分真態更難添。”二(er)詩皆(jie)可觀(guan),后(hou)(hou)詩不知誰作也(ye)。杭(hang)州營籍周(zhou)韶(shao),多(duo)蓄(xu)奇茗,常與君(jun)謨斗,勝之。韶(shao)又知作詩。子容(rong)過杭(hang),述古飲(yin)之,韶(shao)泣求落(luo)(luo)籍。子容(rong)曰(yue):“可作一(yi)絕,”韶(shao)援筆(bi)立成、曰(yue):“隴上巢空歲(sui)月(yue)驚,忍看回首自(zi)梳翎(ling)(ling)。開(kai)籠若(ruo)放雪衣女,長念(nian)觀(guan)音般若(ruo)經。”韶(shao)時有(you)(you)服,衣白(bai),一(yi)坐(zuo)嗟嘆(tan)。遂落(luo)(luo)籍。同輩(bei)皆(jie)有(you)(you)詩送(song)之,二(er)人(ren)(ren)者最善。胡楚云(yun)(yun):“淡妝輕(qing)素鶴(he)翎(ling)(ling)紅(hong),移入朱欄便不同。應(ying)笑西園(yuan)舊桃李(li),強勻顏(yan)色待東風(feng)。”龍(long)靚云(yun)(yun):“桃花流水本無塵,一(yi)落(luo)(luo)人(ren)(ren)間幾度春。解佩暫酬交甫意,濯纓還作武(wu)陵(ling)人(ren)(ren)。”故知杭(hang)人(ren)(ren)多(duo)惠也(ye)。