《天際烏云帖(tie)》又稱《嵩(song)陽帖(tie)》,蘇(su)軾詩文一章,行書,真(zhen)跡曾(ceng)由明代項元汴收藏(zang),清(qing)歸翁方綱,有(you)翁氏題(ti)跋。共三十六行,計三百零(ling)七個(ge)字。藏(zang)處不詳。
此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)無年(nian)(nian)(nian)款,據清翁(weng)方綱所(suo)考(kao)(kao),蘇(su)軾(shi)有(you)《常潤道中(zhong),有(you)懷(huai)錢(qian)唐,寄(ji)述古五首》之(zhi)作(zuo),其次章有(you)“去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)柳絮飛時(shi)節,記得(de)金(jin)籠(long)放(fang)雪(xue)衣”句,并自注云(yun)(yun):“杭人以放(fang)鴿(ge)為(wei)太(tai)守(shou)壽。”此(ci)(ci)正是帖(tie)中(zhong)所(suo)言(yan)陳(chen)太(tai)守(shou)放(fang)營妓(ji)周韶(shao)事,杭人稱譽之(zhi)。因(yin)周韶(shao)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)有(you)“開籠(long)若放(fang)雪(xue)衣女”事,正應放(fang)鴿(ge)為(wei)壽。此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)(ning)五、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間事。翁(weng)氏又考(kao)(kao)蘇(su)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)外集(ji)有(you)《過濰州(zhou)驛(yi)(yi),見蔡君(jun)(jun)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun):“綽約(yue)新嬌生(sheng)眼底,逡(qun)巡舊(jiu)事上(shang)(shang)(shang)眉尖(jian)。春來試問愁多少,得(de)似春潮夜夜添。不(bu)(bu)知為(wei)誰(shui)而作(zuo)也?和(he)一(yi)(yi)首》。此(ci)(ci)事在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)軾(shi)自密州(zhou)移(yi)徐州(zhou)之(zhi)際,即在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)(ning)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)蘇(su)軾(shi)濰州(zhou)度歲時(shi)。翁(weng)氏即猜此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)(ning)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)。然詩(shi)(shi)(shi)與帖(tie)又有(you)矛盾(dun):帖(tie)云(yun)(yun)“仆(pu)在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)”見“堂前小閣中(zhong)壁上(shang)(shang)(shang)”書(shu)(shu)(shu)蔡君(jun)(jun)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)“綽約(yue)新嬌”詩(shi)(shi)(shi),而詩(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun):“過濰州(zhou)驛(yi)(yi),見蔡君(jun)(jun)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun):‘綽約(yue)新嬌……'。”二(er)(er)者(zhe)必有(you)一(yi)(yi)偽(wei)。再,《蘇(su)文忠公詩(shi)(shi)(shi)編注集(ji)成總案》又載蘇(su)軾(shi)《題(ti)蔡君(jun)(jun)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)草》云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)蔡君(jun)(jun)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)—《夢中(zhong)》—詩(shi)(shi)(shi),真跡(ji)在(zai)(zai)濟(ji)明家,筆力遒(qiu)勁。”并自署(shu)為(wei)“元皊五年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)月四日”。此(ci)(ci)是蘇(su)軾(shi)知杭州(zhou)事,距初悴杭州(zhou)又十(shi)(shi)五、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)間。這又留下一(yi)(yi)個可猜想的余地。但帖(tie)中(zhong)“仆(pu)在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),書(shu)(shu)(shu)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)時(shi)必不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)。因(yin)之(zhi),斷(duan)為(wei)熙(xi)寧(ning)(ning)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右較合(he)理(li)。然翁(weng)氏在(zai)(zai)帖(tie)考(kao)(kao)中(zhong)又云(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)書(shu)(shu)(shu)頗類《滿庭芳詞——為(wei)王長官作(zuo)》和(he)《上(shang)(shang)(shang)清宮詞》書(shu)(shu)(shu)。前者(zhe)書(shu)(shu)(shu)于元豐六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),后(hou)者(zhe)書(shu)(shu)(shu)于元皊二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)斷(duan)定在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)(ning)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)至元皊二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)這十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)間。此(ci)(ci)又平添一(yi)(yi)重疑難也。
翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)收藏此帖后,又引起(qi)了是(shi)否鈞填本(ben)的爭論。因存世蘇書鉤(gou)填本(ben)很多,而(er)此帖紙質擦損嚴重,“有二一描(miao)失處”,故疑之(zhi)。但翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)肯定說這是(shi)真(zhen)跡本(ben),并(bing)將(jiang)此帖與《快雪堂帖》刻(ke)本(ben)逐一比(bi)較,而(er)斷定《快雪堂帖》刻(ke)本(ben)所(suo)據乃為董其昌記載所(suo)見之(zhi)摹本(ben)。在(zai)沒有尋找到更多的證據前,我們尊重翁(weng)(weng)氏(shi)之(zhi)論,也是(shi)有道理的。
“天際(ji)烏(wu)云含雨重,樓前紅(hong)日照山(shan)明。嵩陽居士今何(在(zai)(zai)),青眼(yan)看人(ren)萬里情。”此蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)《夢(meng)中(zhong)》詩(shi)也(ye)。仆在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)塘,一(yi)日謁(ye)陳(chen)述(古(gu)(gu)),邀余飲堂前小合中(zhong)。壁(bi)上小書一(yi)絕,君(jun)謨(mo)真跡(ji)也(ye)。“綽約新(xin)嬌生眼(yan)底,侵尋舊事上眉尖(jian)。問君(jun)別(bie)后愁多少,得似春潮夜(ye)夜(ye)添(tian)。”又(you)有人(ren)和(he)云:“長(chang)垂(chui)玉(yu)筋殘妝臉,肯為金釵露指尖(jian)。萬斛閑(xian)愁何日盡,一(yi)分(fen)真態更難添(tian)。”二詩(shi)皆可觀,后詩(shi)不(bu)知誰作(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)。杭(hang)(hang)州營(ying)籍(ji)周韶(shao),多蓄奇茗,常與(yu)君(jun)謨(mo)斗,勝之(zhi)。韶(shao)又(you)知作(zuo)(zuo)詩(shi)。子容過(guo)杭(hang)(hang),述古(gu)(gu)飲之(zhi),韶(shao)泣(qi)求落(luo)(luo)籍(ji)。子容曰:“可作(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)絕,”韶(shao)援(yuan)筆立成、曰:“隴(long)上巢(chao)空歲月驚,忍(ren)看回首自(zi)梳翎(ling)。開籠若(ruo)放雪衣女,長(chang)念觀音般若(ruo)經。”韶(shao)時有服,衣白,一(yi)坐(zuo)嗟嘆。遂落(luo)(luo)籍(ji)。同(tong)輩皆有詩(shi)送之(zhi),二人(ren)者(zhe)最善(shan)。胡楚云:“淡妝輕(qing)素鶴翎(ling)紅(hong),移入朱欄便不(bu)同(tong)。應笑西(xi)園舊桃李(li),強勻顏(yan)色(se)待東風(feng)。”龍靚云:“桃花流水本無塵,一(yi)落(luo)(luo)人(ren)間幾度(du)春。解(jie)佩暫(zan)酬交甫意,濯(zhuo)纓還作(zuo)(zuo)武陵人(ren)。”故知杭(hang)(hang)人(ren)多惠也(ye)。