重慶市(shi)榮(rong)昌(chang)區四寶之(zhi)一的榮(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇,經歷代藝人刻苦鉆(zhan)研、精工(gong)創制,逐(zhu)步發展成為具(ju)有獨特風格的中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)工(gong)藝品,其精雅宜(yi)士人,其華(hua)燦宜(yi)艷(yan)女(nv)(nv)。深受各階(jie)層人民喜愛(ai)。古人曾有詩贊曰:“開(kai)合清風紙(zhi)半張,隨機舒(shu)卷(juan)豈尋常(chang);金環(huan)并(bing)束(shu)龍腰細,玉(yu)柵齊編鳳(feng)翅長(chang),偏(pian)稱游(you)人攜袖(xiu)里,不(bu)勞侍女(nv)(nv)執花傍;宮羅舊賜休相妒,還(huan)汝(ru)團圓共夜(ye)涼(liang)。
2019年11月,《國家(jia)級非物質文(wen)化遺產代表性項目(mu)保(bao)護單(dan)位名單(dan)》公(gong)布,重慶市榮昌(chang)區文(wen)化館獲得榮昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)項目(mu)保(bao)護單(dan)位資格(ge)。
折扇雖是日(ri)用(yong)小商品(pin),但獨具收則折疊,用(yong)則撒(sa)開,折撒(sa)自如(ru),攜帶方便(bian)的特點(dian)。榮昌折扇造型輕盈(ying)靈(ling)巧(qiao),線條外(wai)園內方,明快流(liu)暢(chang);其選料(liao)考究,制作精(jing)細,工藝精(jing)湛(zhan),是實用(yong)與工藝相結合(he)的日(ri)用(yong)佳(jia)品(pin)。由于品(pin)種齊全,花色繁多(duo),高、中、低(di)檔產品(pin)均有,可謂男女老少皆(jie)宜(yi),雅俗共賞,深受各階(jie)層人(ren)士(shi)的喜愛。
榮昌(chang)各廠家在繼承傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的基礎上(shang)(shang),引進新技術,新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝,采用新材(cai)料,生產(chan)各種工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、舞蹈綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、絹(juan)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),書畫工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝掛扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、旅游扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、廣告扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)十(shi)多(duo)類品種,中(zhong)、高檔系列產(chan)品是(shi):各式舞蹈綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、竹扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金楠紙扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金楠綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、竹節綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、雕(diao)刻綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、棕玉綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(含全棕)、壁(bi)掛宣紙裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁(bi)掛綢(chou)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁(bi)掛雕(diao)刻裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(以上(shang)(shang)均含書畫扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))等(deng)。其消費功(gong)能(neng)除具有折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的普通功(gong)能(neng)外,還普遍用于廣告載體、禮品贈送、紀念品發(fa)放、強身(shen)健體、文藝匯演、室內裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)、藝術收藏等(deng)消費領域。
榮(rong)昌折扇(shan)(shan)(shan),從農耕時(shi)代走向信息時(shi)代,歷(li)經400多年悠悠歷(li)史。據《榮(rong)昌縣志(zhi)》記(ji)載(zai),折扇(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)稱聚頭(tou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan),又名卷(juan)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)。根據歷(li)史記(ji)載(zai)是唐朝日(ri)本遣唐使朝賀(he)皇帝唐太宗以貢品入國,當時(shi)被稱為倭(wo)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)。宋代倭(wo)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)開始在官家和(he)民(min)間廣泛出現,并(bing)規模生(sheng)產。《夷堅志(zhi)》上也(ye)說:宋高宗有折疊扇(shan)(shan)(shan),以玉孩兒為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)墜。”而真(zhen)正(zheng)全面被百姓所喜歡和(he)普(pu)及是明(ming)朝。
榮(rong)昌折(zhe)扇(shan)明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)嘉(jia)靖年間(jian)由朝(chao)(chao)鮮傳入工藝。當(dang)(dang)時,榮(rong)昌城(cheng)北(bei)響石板一(yi)帶農民(min)利(li)用農閑時間(jian),以榮(rong)昌當(dang)(dang)地(di)盛(sheng)產的黃竹制作扇(shan)心扇(shan)夾,糊上黑紙(zhi),生(sheng)產硬青、皮底兩類折(zhe)扇(shan),在集市上出售。至明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)萬歷年間(jian)已成(cheng)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)貢品(pin)。歷史有記(ji)(ji)載明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)護(hu)送(song)貢品(pin)耽(dan)擱二被問罪。明(ming)清(qing)兩朝(chao)(chao)在榮(rong)昌設二品(pin)官(guan)負責折(zhe)扇(shan)造辦和貢品(pin)押運(yun)(在原(yuan)國營折(zhe)扇(shan)廠原(yuan)址曾(ceng)有官(guan)碑(bei)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu))至嘉(jia)慶、道光年間(jian),折(zhe)扇(shan)生(sheng)產因為(wei)移民(min)擴充有了一(yi)個更大大發展時期,由副業生(sheng)產走向專業化(hua)生(sheng)產而(er)集中于縣(xian)城(cheng)。
榮(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan),以(yi)棕(zong)竹(zhu)、毛竹(zhu)為之,被稱為懷袖雅物(wu)。榮(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)在光(guang)緒初年開始(shi)采用(yong)楠(nan)竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)心(xin)、扇(shan)(shan)(shan)夾和質地更為堅韌,花(hua)(hua)(hua)紋自然美(mei)(mei)觀的棕(zong)竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)夾,折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)品種(zhong)新增(zeng)全楠(nan)、正棕(zong)、穿葉(xie)串子三大類,刁、嵌(qian)、漆(qi)、繪等也用(yong)于折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)生產(chan)(chan)。城中扇(shan)(shan)(shan)鋪發展到(dao)四十(shi)余家,加工(gong)攤子戶達100余家,最高年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)400萬(wan)把,除在省銷(xiao)售外,還(huan)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)云南、貴州(zhou)、陜西等省,成(cheng)為榮(rong)昌(chang)頗負盛名的特產(chan)(chan)之一(yi)。這是折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)業的興盛時(shi)期(qi)。到(dao)1912年,折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)會員登(deng)記(ji)名冊(ce)記(ji)載,先后經(jing)營此業仍保(bao)留(liu)會籍者,已達202家行號,足(zu)見其源遠(yuan)與興盛。辛亥革(ge)命成(cheng)功后,折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)日臻完美(mei)(mei)。漆(qi)、刁、嵌(qian)、刻、燙花(hua)(hua)(hua)、小磨、鐵金、銀粉寫畫等技藝(yi)廣泛應用(yong)于串葉(xie)白扇(shan)(shan)(shan)生產(chan)(chan),深(shen)受各界人士喜(xi)愛而風行一(yi)時(shi)。5年內,城內折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)經(jing)營店(dian)鋪達100多家,加工(gong)攤子戶500多戶,專業生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)人3000人,年產(chan)(chan)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)506萬(wan)把,除國(guo)內諸省市之外,還(huan)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)泰(tai)國(guo)、印(yin)度(du)、緬甸等國(guo)家,達到(dao)鼎盛。據說當時(shi)榮(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)超過了蘇(su)杭(hang)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的總和。榮(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)能生產(chan)(chan)全楠(nan)、正棕(zong)、硬青、皮底、全棕(zong)、羽毛、綢(chou)面吊尾舞蹈、串子、漆(qi)嵌(qian)等11大類,345個(ge)花(hua)(hua)(hua)色,可謂琳瑯(lang)滿目,繁花(hua)(hua)(hua)似錦。別看一(yi)把小小的折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan),工(gong)種(zhong)就有16個(ge),工(gong)序則有146個(ge)。
中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)四大名扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)--榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(巴蜀扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)),始(shi)于1551年(nian)明代嘉靖(jing)年(nian)間(jian),明末(mo)已(yi)(yi)成為(wei)(wei)貢品(pin)(pin)入朝。產品(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)精湛的(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)制作而早(zao)已(yi)(yi)聞名于海內(nei)外。其(qi)(qi)產品(pin)(pin)必然(ran)代表(biao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)--重慶市榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廠(chang)(重慶市榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)限公司)。早(zao)已(yi)(yi)是公認的(de)我國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區中(zhong)、高檔(dang)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)最大的(de)專業(ye)(ye)生產廠(chang)家(jia)。工(gong)廠(chang)坐落在(zai)榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌縣城,全(quan)廠(chang)占地(di)5000余平(ping)方米,建筑面(mian)積達8000平(ping)方米,現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)職工(gong)200余人(ren),具有(you)(you)(you)各(ge)類(lei)專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)才80余人(ren),年(nian)產能(neng)(neng)力(li)300余萬把。花色品(pin)(pin)種多達170余個,并多次榮(rong)(rong)(rong)獲國(guo)(guo)家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)關權威部(bu)門辦法的(de)獎勵證書(shu)。一些黨和(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)領(ling)導人(ren)、省(sheng),市政府首(shou)腦,大專院校(xiao)、鐵路、航空、金融、保險、著名風(feng)景區、知名工(gong)商企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、大型文(wen)藝(yi)團體、知名人(ren)士等(deng)(deng)均多次親臨或員來廠(chang)訂(ding)購各(ge)式折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)及視察(cha)、指導。二00二年(nian)四月,公司440余把雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)書(shu)畫扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)進入AAPP第三界重慶年(nian)會(hui),作為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)禮品(pin)(pin)贈送(song)參會(hui)外賓(bin)。其(qi)(qi)主要中(zhong)、高檔(dang)產品(pin)(pin)系列是:各(ge)式舞(wu)蹈綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、全(quan)竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、全(quan)楠宣(xuan)紙、全(quan)楠綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、竹(zhu)節綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、棕玉綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、全(quan)棕綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁(bi)掛宣(xuan)紙大扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁(bi)掛綢(chou)大扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁(bi)掛雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)大扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(以(yi)(yi)上均含部(bu)分書(shu)畫)等(deng)(deng)。其(qi)(qi)消費(fei)(fei)功能(neng)(neng)除具有(you)(you)(you)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)普(pu)通功能(neng)(neng)外,還(huan)普(pu)遍用(yong)于廣告載(zai)體、禮品(pin)(pin)贈送(song)、紀念(nian)品(pin)(pin)發(fa)放、強身健體、文(wen)藝(yi)演出(chu)(chu)、室內(nei)裝(zhuang)飾、藝(yi)術品(pin)(pin)收藏等(deng)(deng)消費(fei)(fei)領(ling)域。多年(nian)來,其(qi)(qi)產品(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)僅銷(xiao)往(wang)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地(di),而且還(huan)先后出(chu)(chu)口印度(du)、泰國(guo)(guo)、緬甸、日本(ben)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)家(jia),深受(shou)中(zhong)外顧客(ke)的(de)厚愛。本(ben)廠(chang)將(jiang)繼續(xu)以(yi)(yi)“繼承傳(chuan)統,推陳出(chu)(chu)新,引導消費(fei)(fei),走向世界”為(wei)(wei)宗旨(zhi),以(yi)(yi)藝(yi)術院校(xiao)為(wei)(wei)依托(tuo),以(yi)(yi)人(ren)民消費(fei)(fei)水品(pin)(pin)的(de)不(bu)(bu)斷變化(hua)為(wei)(wei)目標,不(bu)(bu)斷開發(fa)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)、藝(yi)術及觀賞(shang)功能(neng)(neng),用(yong)精品(pin)(pin)積極(ji)適應和(he)引導消費(fei)(fei),全(quan)力(li)滿足(zu)人(ren)民日益增長(chang)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)、藝(yi)術需求,全(quan)力(li)滿足(zu)各(ge)地(di)經銷(xiao)商和(he)顧客(ke)的(de)服務需求。
20世紀90年代以來,為了加強榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)的(de)競爭(zheng)力,各廠(chang)家(jia)通過合并、資產重(zhong)組、技術改進,規(gui)模逐漸壯大。榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)廠(chang)家(jia)的(de)數量已從幾十家(jia)減少到的(de)十幾家(jia),具有代表性的(de)有重(zhong)慶市榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)廠(chang)、重(zhong)慶榮昌華一扇(shan)廠(chang),成(cheng)為榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)的(de)中流砥柱。