1981年7月9—14日(ri),長(chang)江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)四川盆地廣大地區(qu)發生了歷史(shi)上(shang)罕見(jian)的大面(mian)積連續6天暴雨,雨區(qu)主要(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在嘉陵江(jiang)干流中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)、涪江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)下游(you)、沱江(jiang)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)以及岷江(jiang)與渠(qu)江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)部分(fen),致使長(chang)江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)干流重慶至宜(yi)昌河段出現了當(dang)時(shi)建國(guo)以后或歷史(shi)上(shang)少見(jian)的洪(hong)水(shui)。
重慶寸灘站洪峰流(liu)(liu)量(liang)高達85700立(li)方米每秒,成為當時20世(shi)紀以后(hou)的最大洪水。由于山(shan)洪暴(bao)發,洪水泛濫,導致了(le)干支流(liu)(liu)兩岸人民(min)生命財(cai)產和工農(nong)業生產的嚴(yan)重損失,受災人口達1500多(duo)萬(wan)人,150萬(wan)人無家(jia)可歸,受淹耕地1300多(duo)萬(wan)畝(mu),洪災造成的直(zhi)接經濟損失約20億元。
四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)屬亞熱(re)帶氣候(hou),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量充沛,年(nian)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量900—1200毫(hao)米,基本上由(you)盆(pen)(pen)緣(yuan)山(shan)地(di)向盆(pen)(pen)地(di)腹部遞減,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量集中在汛期,5—10月(yue)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量約占全(quan)年(nian)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量的80%,其(qi)中暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在7、8兩月(yue),四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)西部峨(e)嵋山(shan)、川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)東北大(da)巴山(shan)南(nan)麓為長江流域主要暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)。四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)災害頻繁,嘉陵(ling)江于(yu)流合川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)近200年(nian)間大(da)水(shui)淹(yan)城記載就有13次之(zhi)多(duo),涪江下(xia)游遂寧縣(xian)近百年(nian)來也被淹(yan)過8次。四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省地(di)形復雜,局部地(di)區(qu)如—二條水(shui)系發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)的機(ji)會較多(duo),而岷江、沱(tuo)江、嘉陵(ling)江水(shui)系同時發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)的機(ji)會較少,1981年(nian)7月(yue)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)則屬于(yu)這種(zhong)類型(xing),歷史上與其(qi)相類似的有1840年(nian)、1870年(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)。
1981年7月9日(ri)到14日(ri),長江(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)四川盆地(di)腹地(di)出現大(da)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)歷時1天(tian)。11—13日(ri)三天(tian)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)集中(zhong),強度大(da)、范圍(wei)廣。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)以12日(ri)11時至(zhi)13日(ri)11時的(de)(de)(de)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)強最(zui)(zui)大(da)。六天(tian)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)由9—11日(ri)、12—14日(ri)兩(liang)次(ci)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)構(gou)成。9—11日(ri)由東(dong)西向切變造(zao)成東(dong)北—西南向暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶。雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)區主(zhu)要分布(bu)在岷、沱、涪(fu)(fu)、嘉(jia)四江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)。三日(ri)總降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)在105毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)有4個,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)安寧橋站雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)206.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)最(zui)(zui)大(da)。三日(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)于100毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)籠罩(zhao)面(mian)積為(wei)15048平方公里。12一14日(ri)由北槽南渦(wo)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)氣形(xing)勢繼續造(zao)成在岷、沱、涪(fu)(fu)、嘉(jia)四江(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)游(you)大(da)面(mian)積暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)特大(da)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。三日(ri)總雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)超(chao)過300毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)有5個,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)位于嘉(jia)陵江(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)寺站439.7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)最(zui)(zui)大(da)。暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)籠罩(zhao)面(mian)積遠大(da)于9—11日(ri)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)過程。三日(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)于100毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)籠罩(zhao)面(mian)積為(wei)103480平方公里。
7月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)為降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)最集中(zhong)的(de)一天,范圍(wei)也(ye)廣(guang),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶呈東北—西南(nan)向。日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)超過200毫(hao)米的(de)有4個站,籠罩(zhao)面積3700平方公(gong)(gong)里,暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心上寺站的(de)日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)為345.8毫(hao)米。7月(yue)13日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)范圍(wei)增大(da),大(da)于50毫(hao)米的(de)籠罩(zhao)面積137440平方公(gong)(gong)里。但強度有所減弱,日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)超過200毫(hao)米的(de)有9個站,籠罩(zhao)面積1580平方公(gong)(gong)里,暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心在(zai)嘉陵江九龍山站,日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)為242.4毫(hao)米。12一13日(ri)(ri)兩日(ri)(ri)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)占六日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)80—90%。
7月9—14日六天暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)全過程,雨(yu)(yu)區分布(bu)在(zai)雅礱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下游(you)(you)、岷江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)下游(you)(you)、大(da)渡河下游(you)(you)、青衣(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、沱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、嘉陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、渠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、涪(fu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等地(di)區。暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)超(chao)過400毫米(mi)的(de)有(you)10個站(zhan),分布(bu)在(zai)沱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)、涪(fu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)(you)、嘉陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)(you),范(fan)圍達2600平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,最大(da)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)在(zai)嘉陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)(you)的(de)上寺站(zhan),雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)489.6毫米(mi)。六天雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)300毫米(mi)的(de)籠罩面積近2萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,大(da)于(yu)100毫米(mi)的(de)籠罩面積達17多(duo)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里。籠罩面積之廣,居長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)有(you)實測(ce)資料的(de)首位;特別是(shi)大(da)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)發生在(zai)盆(pen)地(di)腹部,更為少見。
1981年7月初起至洪水發生前,岷(min)江、沱江、嘉陵江等水系幾(ji)乎(hu)每天(tian)都有降(jiang)雨(yu),其(qi)中1—4日(ri)為一次大面積的(de)暴(bao)雨(yu)過程。由于(yu)暴(bao)雨(yu)連(lian)綿(mian)不斷,使流域內前期土壤含水量比較大,各水系的(de)底水也(ye)較高。7月9日(ri)開始(shi)此此次降(jiang)雨(yu)后(hou),各江上游相繼于(yu)11—12日(ri)開始(shi)漲水。
岷江(jiang)處于(yu)此次(ci)暴雨(yu)區邊緣,降雨(yu)集中(zhong)在(zai)中(zhong)游(you)成都(dou)平原。控制站高場于(yu)14日(ri)出現洪(hong)峰(feng),洪(hong)峰(feng)流量25900立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao),呈雙(shuang)峰(feng)型,小于(yu)實(shi)測最(zui)大年(nian)份(fen)1961年(nian)6月的34100立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao),僅為15年(nian)間的最(zui)大值。
沱江上(shang)游處于鹿頭(tou)山暴(bao)雨區,金(jin)堂三(san)皇廟站洪峰(feng)流量達(da)81l0立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)秒,超(chao)過了歷史最(zui)大洪水(shui)的1840年(7730立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)秒),金(jin)堂縣全城(cheng)被淹。金(jin)堂以(yi)下區間暴(bao)雨集中。控制(zhi)站傘家灣15日出現洪峰(feng)流量,高達(da)15200立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)秒,為建(jian)國以(yi)后(hou)的最(zui)大洪水(shui),與1948年洪水(shui)(16200立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)秒)相近,當時居(ju)1898年以(yi)后(hou)的第四(si)位(wei)。
嘉陵江處于此次暴雨中(zhong)(zhong)心。干流(liu)金銀臺以上暴雨集中(zhong)(zhong),強度大(da)(da),各支(zhi)流(liu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)遭遇,金銀臺14日出(chu)(chu)現(xian)洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)31000立方(fang)米每(mei)秒(miao),超過了歷史最大(da)(da)的(de)1903年(2700立方(fang)米每(mei)秒(miao)),致使下游閬中(zhong)(zhong)、南部、南充等縣市大(da)(da)范圍(wei)被淹沒,下游控(kong)制(zhi)站武勝(sheng)15日出(chu)(chu)現(xian)洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)28900立方(fang)米每(mei)秒(miao)。
西(xi)支涪江上中游處于(yu)暴(bao)雨的第二中心,射洪(hong)(hong)14日洪(hong)(hong)峰流(liu)量(liang)25700立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒(miao),超過1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)實測最大洪(hong)(hong)水,與1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水(26200立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒(miao))相近。下游控制站小河壩15日洪(hong)(hong)峰流(liu)量(liang)28700立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒(miao),超過了1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水,當時為(wei)1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(29200立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒(miao))以后(hou)的最大值。
東(dong)支(zhi)渠江(jiang)處于暴雨邊緣,控(kong)制站羅渡溪16日洪峰(feng)流(liu)量為14800立方米每秒(miao),僅屬一般(ban)洪水(shui)。
嘉陵江干流洪峰與渠江洪峰遭遇,加上涪江洪水(shui)的后(hou)部,致使(shi)嘉陵江控(kong)制(zhi)站北(bei)碚于16日出現(xian)洪峰流量高達44800立方米每(mei)(mei)秒,大大超(chao)過了建國以后(hou)實測最大的1975年(nian)洪水(shui)(37100立方米每(mei)(mei)秒),當時為1870年(nian)以后(hou)的第三大洪水(shui)(1870年(nian)為57300、1903年(nian)為53300立方米每(mei)(mei)秒)。
岷(min)、沱、嘉(jia)陵(ling)三江洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng),自(zi)西向東順序注入(ru)長江,與處于(yu)暴雨(yu)邊(bian)緣的(de)(de)金沙江洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(屏山洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)為(wei)18600立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒,組成寸(cun)灘洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)流(liu)量(liang)為(wei)1萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒左右)在干(gan)流(liu)基(ji)本沒有相遇(yu)。寸(cun)灘洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)從7月11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至16日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)5天(tian)內,水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)陡漲20.35米(mi)(mi),15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)一天(tian)漲幅達(da)10.37米(mi)(mi),16日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)191.41米(mi)(mi),當時成為(wei)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)以后的(de)(de)最高記(ji)錄;洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)85700立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒,為(wei)1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(100000立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒)以后110年(nian)(nian)(nian)間的(de)(de)最大(da)值(zhi)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)過寸(cun)灘后,烏(wu)江(武隆站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)僅2040立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒)及三峽區(qu)間來水(shui)(shui)均不(bu)大(da)。經(jing)河(he)槽調蓄(xu),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)有較大(da)削減,于(yu)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)到達(da)長江上游總控制站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)宜(yi)昌(chang)。宜(yi)昌(chang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)55.38米(mi)(mi),當時居自(zi)1877年(nian)(nian)(nian)有水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)記(ji)載(zai)以來的(de)(de)第(di)四(si)位(wei)(wei)(wei);洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)為(wei)70800立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒,超過了(le)1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(66800立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒),當時為(wei)1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)設(she)流(liu)量(liang)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以來的(de)(de)最高紀錄,與推算(suan)的(de)(de)1896年(nian)(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)71100立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒相近(jin)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)過宜(yi)昌(chang)后,清江只有800立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒的(de)(de)來水(shui)(shui),經(jing)太平、松滋兩口分流(liu)13400立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒進(jin)入(ru)洞庭湖,干(gan)流(liu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)于(yu)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)到達(da)荊江重要站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)沙市,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)44.46米(mi)(mi),當時為(wei)該站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)有水(shui)(shui)文(wen)記(ji)載(zai)以來的(de)(de)第(di)三位(wei)(wei)(wei)。實測洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)54200立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒,再經(jing)藕池口分流(liu)8560立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)秒入(ru)洞庭湖,監利站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出現洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)35.77米(mi)(mi),為(wei)該站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)設(she)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以來的(de)(de)第(di)五位(wei)(wei)(wei)。由于(yu)洞庭湖水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)低(城(cheng)陵(ling)磯7月16日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)僅29.55米(mi)(mi)),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)入(ru)中下游河(he)段后,江湖調蓄(xu)作用顯著,區(qu)間又未發生暴雨(yu),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)在干(gan)流(liu)螺(luo)山以下均低于(yu)警戒水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。
“81.7”洪(hong)水四川省(sheng)災(zai)情十(shi)分(fen)嚴(yan)重。全(quan)省(sheng)除甘孜、阿壩、涼山三州和渡口市外,洪(hong)水波及14個(ge)地(di)、市,119個(ge)縣(市、區),3549個(ge)公(gong)社,15305個(ge)生產隊,城鄉受災(zai)人(ren)口1584萬人(ren),淹沒房屋223.7萬間,倒塌、沖毀房屋139萬間,死亡888人(ren),傷13010人(ren),直接經濟損失20億元以上。
1.在119個(ge)(ge)受(shou)(shou)災縣(xian)(xian)份中(zhong),遭受(shou)(shou)不同程度淹(yan)沒的縣(xian)(xian)以上城市(shi)共53個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)金堂(tang)、潼南(nan)(nan)、合川、資陽、資中(zhong)、射洪、南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)等(deng)7個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)城災情最(zui)重,絕大(da)部(bu)(bu)分城區(qu)均為(wei)洪水所淹(yan),如(ru)金堂(tang)縣(xian)(xian)城主要街(jie)道(dao)水深5—6米,樓(lou)房(fang)普遍(bian)淹(yan)及(ji)兩層,平(ping)房(fang)大(da)多沒于水下(xia),城區(qu)街(jie)道(dao)船只暢(chang)行無(wu)阻,淹(yan)沒時(shi)間長達兩晝夜。此外,成(cheng)都市(shi)、重慶(qing)市(shi)的北(bei)碚區(qu),以及(ji)龍泉驛、內江、富順、豐都、涪(fu)陵、萬(wan)(wan)縣(xian)(xian)市(shi)、遂(sui)寧(ning)、劍閣、鹽亭、南(nan)(nan)充市(shi)等(deng)12個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)、市(shi)(區(qu))災情也很嚴重。如(ru)成(cheng)都市(shi)區(qu)有(you)273條街(jie)道(dao)被淹(yan),受(shou)(shou)淹(yan)戶數約為(wei)32000戶,受(shou)(shou)淹(yan)建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)54.72萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米,房(fang)屋倒塌1.54萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米,市(shi)區(qu)受(shou)(shou)淹(yan)面(mian)積(ji)48平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里。南(nan)(nan)充市(shi)3.9萬(wan)(wan)間住房(fang)被淹(yan),被淹(yan)面(mian)積(ji)占市(shi)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)的41.5%。同時(shi)受(shou)(shou)淹(yan)的縣(xian)(xian)以下(xia)場鎮556個(ge)(ge)。
2.受(shou)淹(yan)農田1311萬畝,其中絕收342萬畝,沖(chong)毀(hui)耕(geng)地(di)112萬畝,沖(chong)走(zou)糧(liang)食2.5億公斤,沖(chong)走(zou)、死亡大牲(sheng)畜138812頭,因洪災減(jian)產糧(liang)食13.35億公斤。
3.據不完全統(tong)汁,7—9三個(ge)(ge)月因洪水停產或半(ban)停產的(de)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)有2691個(ge)(ge),這些(xie)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中,受(shou)災嚴重的(de)是(shi)(shi)二輕(qing)(qing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、街道工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、內(nei)河(he)航運(yun)社、群眾搬運(yun)業(ye)(ye)等集體所有制(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),其數量約占停產、半(ban)停產企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)總數的(de)40%。僅二輕(qing)(qing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)直接經濟損失就達8529萬元。如重慶市工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)大(da)多分布在沿江低洼地帶,其中紡織局所屬36個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)有16個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)被(bei)淹(yan),一輕(qing)(qing)局所屬49個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)有19個(ge)(ge)被(bei)淹(yan)。內(nei)江棉(mian)紡廠(chang)主廠(chang)房水淹(yan)深度1.9米,主要設備全部被(bei)淹(yan),直接經濟損失478萬元。
4.成(cheng)渝(yu)、寶(bao)成(cheng)、成(cheng)昆三條鐵路(lu)(lu)主(zhu)要干(gan)線,由于洪(hong)水(shui)位高,多處發生(sheng)塌(ta)方,使運輸中斷10天到20天。成(cheng)渝(yu)鐵路(lu)(lu)廣順至(zhi)(zhi)榮昌區(qu)間有1.2公里洪(hong)水(shui)位超過軌頂(ding)0.26米,洪(hong)安鄉至(zhi)(zhi)五鳳溪(xi)區(qu)間,接連發生(sheng)塌(ta)方,簡陽至(zhi)(zhi)廟子溝區(qu)間路(lu)(lu)基被(bei)洪(hong)水(shui)淹沒,臨江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寺附近路(lu)(lu)基被(bei)沖毀。橫跨青白江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、沱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、涪江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、嘉陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)橋梁(liang),都因洪(hong)水(shui)位超過警(jing)戒水(shui)位,線路(lu)(lu)被(bei)迫中斷。
公(gong)(gong)路(lu)被(bei)破壞的情況更為嚴重(zhong),80條(tiao)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)干線和(he)482條(tiao)縣以(yi)上的公(gong)(gong)路(lu)全部(bu)沖斷(duan),占全部(bu)省、縣公(gong)(gong)路(lu)的32.3%。公(gong)(gong)路(lu)和(he)電信線路(lu)多因淹沒(mei)、塌方、沖刷而(er)導致斷(duan)道阻車(che)和(he)電信中斷(duan)。
5.有15座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)小型水(shui)庫(ku)垮壩(ba)失事,538座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)小型水(shui)庫(ku)出(chu)現(xian)險情,沖毀渠道(dao)2576公里,堤防(fang)641公里,小水(shui)電站130座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),提(ti)灌站3401座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。
四川省各級黨委(wei)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對抗(kang)洪救(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)都十分重視,洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發生后(hou),災(zai)(zai)(zai)區各級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)把抗(kang)洪救(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)中心任務。省政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)成立了(le)(le)(le)(le)農村及(ji)城(cheng)市兩個(ge)防(fang)汛(xun)(xun)指(zhi)揮部(bu),分別負責(ze)全省的(de)(de)防(fang)汛(xun)(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。各級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)都派出了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)組、慰問(wen)團,協助(zhu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)區工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。受(shou)(shou)災(zai)(zai)(zai)群眾(zhong)(zhong)生活都得(de)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)臨時安置(zhi),疫病傳染(ran)得(de)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)控制。災(zai)(zai)(zai)區社會秩(zhi)序穩定,受(shou)(shou)災(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)市大(da)(da)都在幾天之內(nei)就(jiu)恢(hui)復了(le)(le)(le)(le)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、供電、交通(tong)、通(tong)訊,清除了(le)(le)(le)(le)淤泥、垃圾,停產企業(ye)開始生產。商業(ye)也很快恢(hui)復營業(ye),農民積極恢(hui)復生產,重建家園。在抗(kang)洪,斗(dou)爭(zheng)中,廣大(da)(da)干(gan)部(bu)群眾(zhong)(zhong)和解(jie)放軍指(zhi)戰員與群眾(zhong)(zhong)同生死(si)共(gong)患難(nan),與洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)英(ying)勇搏斗(dou),為(wei)減少人(ren)民生命(ming)財(cai)產損失(shi)做出廠巨大(da)(da)貢獻(xian)。不(bu)少水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文職工(gong):自己(ji)的(de)(de)住房被洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淹(yan)沒(mei),不(bu)顧個(ge)人(ren)安危在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)及(ji)胸的(de)(de)急流中堅持觀測,涉(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)報送(song)汛(xun)(xun)情,對江河(he)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)時發布了(le)(le)(le)(le)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)預(yu)報,增強了(le)(le)(le)(le)預(yu)見性。由于有了(le)(le)(le)(le)一、兩天的(de)(de)預(yu)見期,不(bu)少地區于部(bu)在洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)到來之前,及(ji)早組織受(shou)(shou)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)威脅地區的(de)(de)撤退(tui),搶救(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)批物(wu)資。有的(de)(de)干(gan)部(bu)、戰士(shi)為(wei)搶救(jiu)被洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)圍困的(de)(de)群眾(zhong)(zhong)和國(guo)家財(cai)產,獻(xian)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)自己(ji)的(de)(de)生命(ming)。群眾(zhong)(zhong)生產自救(jiu)積極性很高(gao),無(wu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)區支(zhi)援(yuan)(yuan)災(zai)(zai)(zai)區,輕災(zai)(zai)(zai)區支(zhi)援(yuan)(yuan)重災(zai)(zai)(zai)區,無(wu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)廠支(zhi)援(yuan)(yuan)重災(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)廠,形成了(le)(le)(le)(le)廣泛的(de)(de)抗(kang)洪救(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)群眾(zhong)(zhong)活動。