1981年7月9—14日,長江(jiang)上游(you)(you)(you)四(si)川盆地(di)廣大(da)(da)地(di)區(qu)發生了歷史(shi)上罕見的大(da)(da)面積連(lian)續6天暴雨,雨區(qu)主要(yao)集中在嘉陵江(jiang)干流(liu)(liu)中游(you)(you)(you)、涪江(jiang)中下游(you)(you)(you)、沱江(jiang)上中游(you)(you)(you)以及岷江(jiang)與渠江(jiang)中游(you)(you)(you)部分,致使長江(jiang)上游(you)(you)(you)干流(liu)(liu)重慶至(zhi)宜昌河(he)段(duan)出現(xian)了當(dang)時建(jian)國以后或歷史(shi)上少見的洪水(shui)。
重慶寸灘(tan)站洪(hong)峰流量(liang)高達(da)85700立方米每秒,成為當時(shi)20世紀以后的(de)最大洪(hong)水(shui)。由于(yu)山(shan)洪(hong)暴發,洪(hong)水(shui)泛濫(lan),導致了干(gan)支流兩岸人(ren)民生命(ming)財(cai)產和工農業生產的(de)嚴重損(sun)失,受災人(ren)口達(da)1500多(duo)萬人(ren),150萬人(ren)無家可(ke)歸,受淹耕地1300多(duo)萬畝,洪(hong)災造成的(de)直接經濟損(sun)失約20億元。
四川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)屬亞熱帶氣候(hou),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,年雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)900—1200毫米,基(ji)本(ben)上由(you)盆緣山地(di)(di)(di)向(xiang)盆地(di)(di)(di)腹部遞減(jian),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)集中(zhong)在(zai)汛(xun)期,5—10月雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)占全(quan)年雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)80%,其中(zhong)暴雨(yu)多發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)7、8兩月,四川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)西(xi)部峨嵋山、川(chuan)東(dong)北大巴山南麓為(wei)長江(jiang)流域主要暴雨(yu)區。四川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)災害頻(pin)繁,嘉(jia)陵(ling)(ling)江(jiang)于流合川(chuan)縣近200年間(jian)大水(shui)(shui)淹(yan)城記載就有13次之多,涪江(jiang)下游遂寧縣近百年來也被淹(yan)過(guo)8次。四川(chuan)省地(di)(di)(di)形復(fu)雜,局部地(di)(di)(di)區如—二(er)條水(shui)(shui)系發(fa)生(sheng)大洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)的(de)機(ji)會較多,而岷(min)江(jiang)、沱江(jiang)、嘉(jia)陵(ling)(ling)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系同時發(fa)生(sheng)大洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)的(de)機(ji)會較少,1981年7月暴雨(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)則(ze)屬于這種類(lei)(lei)型,歷(li)史上與(yu)其相類(lei)(lei)似的(de)有1840年、1870年洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)。
1981年7月9日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)到14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),長江上游四川盆地(di)腹地(di)出(chu)現(xian)大(da)(da)(da)范圍的(de)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)歷時1天(tian)。11—13日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)三天(tian)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)集中,強(qiang)度大(da)(da)(da)、范圍廣。其(qi)中以12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)11時至13日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)11時的(de)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)強(qiang)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)。六天(tian)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)由9—11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)、12—14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)兩(liang)次降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)構成(cheng)(cheng)。9—11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)由東西(xi)向切變造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)—西(xi)南(nan)向暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶。雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)區主要分布在岷、沱、涪、嘉四江的(de)中上游。三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)總降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)在105毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)以上的(de)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中心(xin)有4個(ge),其(qi)中安寧橋(qiao)站(zhan)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)206.1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)。三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)100毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)籠(long)罩面積(ji)為(wei)15048平(ping)方公里(li)(li)。12一14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)由北(bei)槽(cao)南(nan)渦的(de)天(tian)氣(qi)形(xing)勢繼(ji)續(xu)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)在岷、沱、涪、嘉四江上中游大(da)(da)(da)面積(ji)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)特大(da)(da)(da)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)總雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)超過300毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中心(xin)有5個(ge),其(qi)中位于(yu)嘉陵江中游的(de)上寺站(zhan)439.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)。暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)籠(long)罩面積(ji)遠大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)9—11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)過程。三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)100毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)籠(long)罩面積(ji)為(wei)103480平(ping)方公里(li)(li)。
7月12日為降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)最集中的(de)(de)一(yi)天,范圍也廣,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)帶呈東北—西南(nan)向(xiang)。日雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)超過200毫(hao)(hao)米的(de)(de)有(you)4個站(zhan),籠(long)罩面(mian)積(ji)3700平(ping)方公里,暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)中心(xin)上(shang)寺站(zhan)的(de)(de)日雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)為345.8毫(hao)(hao)米。7月13日雨(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)范圍增大,大于50毫(hao)(hao)米的(de)(de)籠(long)罩面(mian)積(ji)137440平(ping)方公里。但強度(du)有(you)所減弱,日雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)超過200毫(hao)(hao)米的(de)(de)有(you)9個站(zhan),籠(long)罩面(mian)積(ji)1580平(ping)方公里,暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)中心(xin)在嘉陵江九龍山站(zhan),日雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)為242.4毫(hao)(hao)米。12一(yi)13日兩日降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)占六日雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80—90%。
7月9—14日六天暴(bao)雨全過程(cheng),雨區分布在(zai)雅礱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)、岷江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)、大(da)(da)渡河下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)、青衣(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、沱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、嘉(jia)(jia)陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、渠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、涪江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等地區。暴(bao)雨中(zhong)心超過400毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)有10個站(zhan),分布在(zai)沱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)(you)(you)、涪江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)(you)(you)(you)、嘉(jia)(jia)陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)(you)(you)(you),范(fan)圍達(da)2600平方(fang)公里,最大(da)(da)暴(bao)雨中(zhong)心在(zai)嘉(jia)(jia)陵江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)上寺站(zhan),雨量489.6毫(hao)米(mi)。六天雨量大(da)(da)于(yu)300毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)籠罩(zhao)面積(ji)(ji)近2萬(wan)平方(fang)公里,大(da)(da)于(yu)100毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)籠罩(zhao)面積(ji)(ji)達(da)17多平方(fang)公里。籠罩(zhao)面積(ji)(ji)之廣,居長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)(you)(you)有實測資料的(de)首(shou)位;特(te)別(bie)是大(da)(da)暴(bao)雨發生(sheng)在(zai)盆(pen)地腹部(bu),更為少見。
1981年7月(yue)初(chu)起至洪水(shui)(shui)發(fa)生前,岷江、沱江、嘉(jia)陵江等水(shui)(shui)系幾乎每天都有(you)降雨(yu),其中1—4日(ri)(ri)為(wei)一次大面積的暴雨(yu)過程。由于暴雨(yu)連綿不(bu)斷,使(shi)流域內前期(qi)土壤含水(shui)(shui)量比較大,各水(shui)(shui)系的底(di)水(shui)(shui)也較高。7月(yue)9日(ri)(ri)開(kai)始(shi)此(ci)此(ci)次降雨(yu)后,各江上游相繼(ji)于11—12日(ri)(ri)開(kai)始(shi)漲(zhang)水(shui)(shui)。
岷(min)江處(chu)于此(ci)次暴(bao)雨(yu)區邊緣,降(jiang)雨(yu)集中在中游成都(dou)平(ping)原。控(kong)制(zhi)站(zhan)高場于14日出現洪峰,洪峰流量25900立方米(mi)每(mei)秒,呈雙峰型,小于實測(ce)最(zui)大年(nian)份(fen)1961年(nian)6月的34100立方米(mi)每(mei)秒,僅為15年(nian)間的最(zui)大值。
沱江上游處于鹿頭山暴雨區,金(jin)堂三皇廟站洪峰流量達(da)(da)81l0立(li)方米每(mei)秒,超過(guo)了歷(li)史(shi)最大洪水(shui)(shui)的1840年(nian)(7730立(li)方米每(mei)秒),金(jin)堂縣全(quan)城(cheng)被(bei)淹(yan)。金(jin)堂以(yi)(yi)(yi)下區間暴雨集中。控制(zhi)站傘家(jia)灣15日出現洪峰流量,高達(da)(da)15200立(li)方米每(mei)秒,為(wei)建(jian)國以(yi)(yi)(yi)后的最大洪水(shui)(shui),與1948年(nian)洪水(shui)(shui)(16200立(li)方米每(mei)秒)相近,當時居1898年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后的第(di)四位。
嘉(jia)陵江處于此次(ci)暴雨中心。干流金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)臺(tai)以上暴雨集(ji)中,強(qiang)度大,各支流洪(hong)(hong)水遭遇,金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)臺(tai)14日出現洪(hong)(hong)峰流量(liang)31000立方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao),超過了歷(li)史最大的1903年(2700立方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)),致使下游(you)(you)閬中、南(nan)部、南(nan)充等縣市(shi)大范圍被(bei)淹沒(mei),下游(you)(you)控制站武勝15日出現洪(hong)(hong)峰流量(liang)28900立方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)。
西支(zhi)涪江上中游處于暴(bao)雨的第二(er)中心,射洪(hong)(hong)14日(ri)洪(hong)(hong)峰流量25700立(li)方米每(mei)秒,超過(guo)1954年(nian)實測最(zui)大洪(hong)(hong)水,與1945年(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水(26200立(li)方米每(mei)秒)相近。下游控制站小河壩15日(ri)洪(hong)(hong)峰流量28700立(li)方米每(mei)秒,超過(guo)了(le)1953年(nian)、1945年(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水,當時為1870年(nian)(29200立(li)方米每(mei)秒)以后的最(zui)大值。
東支(zhi)渠江處于暴雨邊緣,控制站羅渡溪16日洪峰(feng)流量為14800立方米每(mei)秒,僅屬一般洪水。
嘉(jia)陵(ling)江(jiang)干流洪(hong)(hong)峰與渠江(jiang)洪(hong)(hong)峰遭遇,加上涪江(jiang)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)的(de)后(hou)(hou)部(bu),致使(shi)嘉(jia)陵(ling)江(jiang)控制站北(bei)碚于16日(ri)出(chu)現(xian)洪(hong)(hong)峰流量高(gao)達(da)44800立方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)(miao),大(da)大(da)超過(guo)了建國以后(hou)(hou)實測最大(da)的(de)1975年(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(37100立方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)(miao)),當時為(wei)1870年(nian)(nian)以后(hou)(hou)的(de)第(di)三大(da)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(1870年(nian)(nian)為(wei)57300、1903年(nian)(nian)為(wei)53300立方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)(miao))。
岷、沱、嘉(jia)陵三江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng),自(zi)西向東順序(xu)注入(ru)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),與處于(yu)(yu)暴雨(yu)邊(bian)緣的(de)(de)金沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(屏山(shan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)18600立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao),組(zu)成(cheng)寸灘(tan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1萬立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao)左(zuo)右(you))在(zai)(zai)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)基本沒(mei)有(you)相(xiang)遇。寸灘(tan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)從7月11日(ri)(ri)至16日(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)5天(tian)內,水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)陡漲20.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),15日(ri)(ri)一天(tian)漲幅達10.37米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),16日(ri)(ri)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)191.41米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)1976年(nian)(nian)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高記錄;洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)85700立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao),為(wei)1870年(nian)(nian)(100000立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao))以(yi)后(hou)110年(nian)(nian)間的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)值。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)過寸灘(tan)后(hou),烏江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(武(wu)隆站洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)僅2040立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao))及三峽(xia)區間來(lai)水(shui)(shui)均不大(da)。經河(he)槽(cao)調蓄,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)有(you)較大(da)削減,于(yu)(yu)19日(ri)(ri)到達長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)總控(kong)制站宜昌(chang)(chang)(chang)。宜昌(chang)(chang)(chang)站的(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)55.38米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)居自(zi)1877年(nian)(nian)有(you)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)記載以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)四位(wei)(wei)(wei);洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)70800立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao),超過了(le)1954年(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(66800立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao)),當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)1946年(nian)(nian)設(she)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)站以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高紀錄,與推算的(de)(de)1896年(nian)(nian)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)71100立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao)相(xiang)近。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)過宜昌(chang)(chang)(chang)后(hou),清江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)只有(you)800立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)來(lai)水(shui)(shui),經太平、松滋兩口分(fen)流(liu)(liu)13400立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao)進入(ru)洞庭(ting)湖,干(gan)流(liu)(liu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)19日(ri)(ri)到達荊江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)重要站沙(sha)市,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)44.46米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)該(gai)站自(zi)1903年(nian)(nian)有(you)水(shui)(shui)文記載以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)三位(wei)(wei)(wei)。實測洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)54200立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao),再經藕池口分(fen)流(liu)(liu)8560立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)秒(miao)(miao)入(ru)洞庭(ting)湖,監利(li)站于(yu)(yu)20日(ri)(ri)出現洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)35.77米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)該(gai)站自(zi)1934年(nian)(nian)設(she)站以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)五位(wei)(wei)(wei)。由于(yu)(yu)洞庭(ting)湖水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)低(城陵磯7月16日(ri)(ri)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)僅29.55米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)進入(ru)中(zhong)下(xia)游(you)河(he)段后(hou),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖調蓄作用顯著,區間又未發(fa)生暴雨(yu),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)螺山(shan)以(yi)下(xia)均低于(yu)(yu)警戒水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。
“81.7”洪水四川省(sheng)災(zai)情十分嚴重(zhong)。全省(sheng)除甘孜、阿壩(ba)、涼(liang)山(shan)三(san)州(zhou)和渡口(kou)市(shi)外(wai),洪水波及14個(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)、市(shi),119個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(市(shi)、區),3549個(ge)(ge)(ge)公社,15305個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)產隊(dui),城鄉受災(zai)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)1584萬人(ren)(ren),淹(yan)沒房屋(wu)223.7萬間,倒塌、沖毀房屋(wu)139萬間,死亡888人(ren)(ren),傷13010人(ren)(ren),直接經(jing)濟損失(shi)20億元以上。
1.在(zai)119個(ge)(ge)受(shou)災縣(xian)(xian)(xian)份(fen)中(zhong),遭(zao)受(shou)不同(tong)程度淹(yan)(yan)(yan)沒的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)上城市(shi)共(gong)53個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)金(jin)堂、潼南(nan)、合川(chuan)、資陽、資中(zhong)、射洪(hong)(hong)、南(nan)部等7個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城災情最重,絕大部分城區(qu)(qu)均為洪(hong)(hong)水所淹(yan)(yan)(yan),如(ru)金(jin)堂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城主要街(jie)道水深5—6米(mi),樓房(fang)普遍淹(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)兩層(ceng),平(ping)房(fang)大多沒于水下,城區(qu)(qu)街(jie)道船只暢行無阻,淹(yan)(yan)(yan)沒時(shi)間長達兩晝夜。此外,成都(dou)市(shi)、重慶市(shi)的北碚區(qu)(qu),以(yi)及(ji)龍(long)泉驛、內江、富順(shun)、豐(feng)都(dou)、涪陵、萬(wan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)、遂寧(ning)、劍閣(ge)、鹽亭、南(nan)充(chong)市(shi)等12個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、市(shi)(區(qu)(qu))災情也很嚴重。如(ru)成都(dou)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)有273條街(jie)道被淹(yan)(yan)(yan),受(shou)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)戶數約為32000戶,受(shou)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)建筑面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)54.72萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi),房(fang)屋倒塌1.54萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi),市(shi)區(qu)(qu)受(shou)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)48平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)。南(nan)充(chong)市(shi)3.9萬(wan)間住(zhu)房(fang)被淹(yan)(yan)(yan),被淹(yan)(yan)(yan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)占市(shi)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的41.5%。同(tong)時(shi)受(shou)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)下場鎮556個(ge)(ge)。
2.受淹農田1311萬(wan)畝,其(qi)中絕(jue)收342萬(wan)畝,沖毀耕地112萬(wan)畝,沖走(zou)(zou)糧(liang)食2.5億公(gong)斤,沖走(zou)(zou)、死亡大(da)牲畜(chu)138812頭,因(yin)洪災減產糧(liang)食13.35億公(gong)斤。
3.據不(bu)完全(quan)統汁,7—9三個(ge)(ge)月因洪(hong)水停產(chan)(chan)或半(ban)停產(chan)(chan)的(de)工(gong)礦(kuang)企業(ye)有(you)2691個(ge)(ge),這(zhe)些(xie)工(gong)礦(kuang)企業(ye)中,受災嚴重(zhong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)二輕(qing)企業(ye)、街道(dao)工(gong)業(ye)、內(nei)河航運社、群眾搬運業(ye)等(deng)集體所(suo)有(you)制企業(ye),其數量約占停產(chan)(chan)、半(ban)停產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)總數的(de)40%。僅二輕(qing)企業(ye)直接(jie)經濟損失(shi)就達8529萬元。如(ru)重(zhong)慶(qing)市工(gong)業(ye)特別是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)工(gong)企業(ye)大多分布在沿江(jiang)低洼(wa)地帶,其中紡織局所(suo)屬36個(ge)(ge)工(gong)廠(chang)有(you)16個(ge)(ge)工(gong)廠(chang)被淹(yan),一輕(qing)局所(suo)屬49個(ge)(ge)工(gong)廠(chang)有(you)19個(ge)(ge)被淹(yan)。內(nei)江(jiang)棉(mian)紡廠(chang)主廠(chang)房水淹(yan)深(shen)度1.9米,主要(yao)設(she)備全(quan)部(bu)被淹(yan),直接(jie)經濟損失(shi)478萬元。
4.成(cheng)渝(yu)、寶成(cheng)、成(cheng)昆三條鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)主要干線,由于洪水(shui)位(wei)(wei)高,多處發(fa)生塌(ta)方(fang)(fang),使運輸中(zhong)斷10天到20天。成(cheng)渝(yu)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)廣順至榮昌區(qu)間(jian)有1.2公里洪水(shui)位(wei)(wei)超(chao)過軌頂0.26米,洪安鄉至五鳳溪區(qu)間(jian),接(jie)連(lian)發(fa)生塌(ta)方(fang)(fang),簡陽至廟子溝區(qu)間(jian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)被(bei)(bei)洪水(shui)淹(yan)沒(mei),臨(lin)江寺附近路(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)被(bei)(bei)沖毀。橫跨青(qing)白江、沱江、涪江、嘉陵江的鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋梁,都因洪水(shui)位(wei)(wei)超(chao)過警(jing)戒水(shui)位(wei)(wei),線路(lu)(lu)(lu)被(bei)(bei)迫中(zhong)斷。
公(gong)路(lu)被破壞的(de)情況更為嚴重,80條公(gong)路(lu)干線(xian)和(he)482條縣以上(shang)的(de)公(gong)路(lu)全部沖斷(duan),占全部省、縣公(gong)路(lu)的(de)32.3%。公(gong)路(lu)和(he)電(dian)信(xin)線(xian)路(lu)多因淹沒、塌方、沖刷(shua)而導致斷(duan)道阻車(che)和(he)電(dian)信(xin)中斷(duan)。
5.有15座(zuo)小型(xing)水庫(ku)垮壩失事,538座(zuo)小型(xing)水庫(ku)出(chu)現險情,沖毀渠道2576公里(li),堤防641公里(li),小水電站(zhan)(zhan)130座(zuo),提(ti)灌站(zhan)(zhan)3401座(zuo)。
四川(chuan)省(sheng)各(ge)級黨(dang)委(wei)、政(zheng)府(fu)對抗洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)救(jiu)災工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)都十分(fen)重視,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后,災區(qu)(qu)各(ge)級政(zheng)府(fu)把抗洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)救(jiu)災作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)中心任(ren)務。省(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)(le)農(nong)村及城(cheng)市兩個(ge)防(fang)汛指揮部(bu),分(fen)別負責(ze)全省(sheng)的防(fang)汛工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。各(ge)級政(zheng)府(fu)都派出了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組、慰(wei)問團,協助災區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。受災群(qun)眾生(sheng)活都得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)臨時(shi)安(an)(an)置,疫病傳染得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)控制(zhi)。災區(qu)(qu)社會秩(zhi)序穩定(ding),受災城(cheng)市大都在(zai)幾天(tian)之內就恢(hui)復了(le)(le)(le)(le)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、供(gong)電(dian)、交通(tong)、通(tong)訊,清除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)淤泥、垃圾,停產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)開(kai)始生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。商(shang)業(ye)(ye)也很快(kuai)恢(hui)復營業(ye)(ye),農(nong)民積極恢(hui)復生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),重建(jian)家園。在(zai)抗洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),斗爭中,廣大干部(bu)群(qun)眾和(he)解放軍指戰員(yuan)與(yu)群(qun)眾同生(sheng)死(si)共患難(nan),與(yu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)英勇(yong)搏斗,為(wei)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)人民生(sheng)命(ming)財產(chan)(chan)損(sun)失做出廠巨大貢獻(xian)(xian)。不(bu)少(shao)(shao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文職工(gong)(gong):自己的住房被洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淹沒,不(bu)顧(gu)個(ge)人安(an)(an)危在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深及胸的急(ji)流中堅持觀測,涉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)報送汛情,對江河洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及時(shi)發(fa)(fa)布了(le)(le)(le)(le)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)預(yu)報,增強了(le)(le)(le)(le)預(yu)見性。由于有了(le)(le)(le)(le)一、兩天(tian)的預(yu)見期,不(bu)少(shao)(shao)地區(qu)(qu)于部(bu)在(zai)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)到(dao)(dao)來之前,及早組織受洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)威脅地區(qu)(qu)的撤退,搶救(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大批物資。有的干部(bu)、戰士為(wei)搶救(jiu)被洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)圍(wei)困的群(qun)眾和(he)國家財產(chan)(chan),獻(xian)(xian)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)自己的生(sheng)命(ming)。群(qun)眾生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)自救(jiu)積極性很高,無災區(qu)(qu)支(zhi)援災區(qu)(qu),輕災區(qu)(qu)支(zhi)援重災區(qu)(qu),無災工(gong)(gong)廠支(zhi)援重災工(gong)(gong)廠,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)廣泛(fan)的抗洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)救(jiu)災群(qun)眾活動。