《團圓之(zhi)后》為(wei)莆(pu)仙戲(xi)名(ming)劇(ju)(ju),中(zhong)國當代十(shi)大(da)(da)悲劇(ju)(ju)之(zhi)一。是劇(ju)(ju)作(zuo)家陳仁鑒在1956年據(ju)莆(pu)仙戲(xi)傳(chuan)統(tong)劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)《施天(tian)文(wen)(wen)》(又名(ming)《三(san)天(tian)媳婦害婆(po)婆(po)》)整理(li)改編的(de),福建(jian)仙游縣鯉聲劇(ju)(ju)團同年首演(yan)。《團圓之(zhi)后》成為(wei)鯉聲劇(ju)(ju)團的(de)“鎮團之(zhi)寶”。該劇(ju)(ju)曾于1959年晉(jin)京(jing)參(can)加建(jian)國十(shi)周年獻禮演(yan)出。黨和國家領導人劉少奇、周恩(en)來、朱德等觀(guan)看演(yan)出,并和全(quan)體演(yan)職員合影留(liu)念。田(tian)漢(han)著文(wen)(wen)認為(wei)可以“列(lie)入世界悲劇(ju)(ju)之(zhi)林”,被譽為(wei)“莎士比亞式大(da)(da)悲劇(ju)(ju)”。
1960年,莆仙戲(xi)《團圓之后》由(you)長春(chun)電影制(zhi)片(pian)廠拍攝成舞臺藝術片(pian),在全國公映。1998年,長春(chun)電影制(zhi)片(pian)廠委托廣(guang)州音像出版社出版發行VCD影碟片(pian)。
施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)中狀元回到(dao)家(jia)中,正是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)和柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新婚之(zhi)(zhi)日,再(zai)加上皇帝恩準為(wei)其母(mu)葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建造(zao)貞(zhen)(zhen)節(jie)(jie)牌樓(lou)(lou)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)三(san)喜臨門(men)。但這對于葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)難臨頭。原來(lai)葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和表兄鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)(cong)小青梅竹馬感情(qing)甚篤,只因葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父兄嫌窮愛(ai)富,強把她嫁(jia)到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)。而葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)未與鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)斷(duan)絕關系,葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過門(men)五個月,丈(zhang)夫死(si)去(qu),不(bu)(bu)久她生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),他(ta)實際(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)子。葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦心(xin)將施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)養成(cheng)(cheng)人。葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深恐隱私被(bei)發現,犯下(xia)欺君之(zhi)(zhi)罪招致滅門(men),惟一良策便是(shi)(shi)(shi)與鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)割斷(duan)情(qing)腸。狀元妻(qi)(qi)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溫順賢惠,遵循禮教(jiao),天不(bu)(bu)亮(liang)即到(dao)葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)房(fang)里拜見(jian)太(tai)姑,不(bu)(bu)料(liao)(liao)碰上鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)。葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)隱私已露,無顏見(jian)人含恨自盡。舅(jiu)舅(jiu)葉(xie)廢(fei)丁再(zai)三(san)逼(bi)問柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)姑自盡原因,柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)敢實說(shuo),葉(xie)廢(fei)丁便咬定是(shi)(shi)(shi)她逼(bi)死(si)葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),到(dao)衙(ya)門(men)告(gao)狀。柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把實情(qing)告(gao)訴施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)無計(ji)可施(shi)(shi)(shi),一方面(mian)怕(pa)真情(qing)暴露滿門(men)抄斬,另一方面(mian)怕(pa)不(bu)(bu)吐真情(qing)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難保。忽聽知(zhi)(zhi)府杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠到(dao),情(qing)急之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)承認逼(bi)死(si)太(tai)姑,以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)設法(fa)搭(da)救。杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠不(bu)(bu)問原由,將柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)獄(yu)。葉(xie)廢(fei)丁仍不(bu)(bu)滿,到(dao)按(an)司(si)(si)衙(ya)門(men)告(gao)狀。按(an)司(si)(si)洪(hong)如海(hai)提(ti)審柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自認逼(bi)死(si)太(tai)姑,洪(hong)如海(hai)大(da)怒,痛責柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和她父兄各(ge)40大(da)板。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)見(jian)狀心(xin)如刀絞(jiao)。洪(hong)如海(hai)判柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)死(si)刑,施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚇(xia)昏過去(qu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)求杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠說(shuo)情(qing)。杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠想弄清此(ci)案,升官進爵,要求洪(hong)如海(hai)將案子交他(ta)審理(li)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)探望柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)決心(xin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si)了卻此(ci)案。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)怕(pa)杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠弄清真相,也想以(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si)救出柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一家(jia)。夫妻(qi)(qi)互訴衷情(qing)。誰料(liao)(liao),他(ta)們(men)的(de)談話被(bei)杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠偷聽。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)回家(jia),見(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)痛哭葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)想自己一家(jia)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)他(ta)所害,于是(shi)(shi)(shi)在酒(jiu)中下(xia)毒(du),決心(xin)與他(ta)同歸于盡。鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)中有毒(du)后(hou)(hou),一口飲下(xia),死(si)前(qian)說(shuo)出他(ta)和葉(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)關系以(yi)(yi)(yi)及俏生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)身世。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聽后(hou)(hou)悲痛萬分,接(jie)著(zhu)喝下(xia)毒(du)酒(jiu)。杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠、洪(hong)如海(hai)前(qian)來(lai)捉拿鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)前(qian)質問他(ta)們(men),鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)成(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)父親,有什么(me)罪?柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)獄(yu)中趕來(lai),見(jian)丈(zhang)夫即將死(si)去(qu),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)離死(si)別肝腸痛斷(duan)。杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠和洪(hong)如海(hai)要為(wei)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)請建“節(jie)(jie)孝(xiao)樓(lou)(lou)”,柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)要,支開杜國(guo)(guo)(guo)忠和洪(hong)如海(hai),撞墻而死(si)。貞(zhen)(zhen)節(jie)(jie)樓(lou)(lou)埋葬了施(shi)(shi)(shi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一家(jia)。
莆(pu)仙(xian)(xian)戲(xi)(xi)名劇《團圓之后》,源于《不(bu)用刑審書》卷四《張縣(xian)令設計翻(fan)案》篇(pian),又名《父子恨(hen)》,是劇作家陳(chen)仁鑒在1956年據(ju)莆(pu)仙(xian)(xian)戲(xi)(xi)傳(chuan)統(tong)劇目《施天(tian)文》(又名《三天(tian)媳婦害婆婆》)整理改編的,福建仙(xian)(xian)游縣(xian)鯉(li)聲劇團同年首演。
此(ci)劇在清末民(min)初,福建(jian)仙(xian)游莆仙(xian)戲振瑞班、雙玉班均常(chang)演出。劇情(qing):某婦新婚三日(ri),婆母自(zi)盡。新婦到案自(zi)認忤逆,縣令(ling)(ling)投其入獄……縣令(ling)(ling)借故杖某衙役(yi)妻(qi),并與新婦同監。役(yi)妻(qi)大罵縣官,婦慰之(zhi),并吐肺腑(fu),始知婆母與人通奸,被她觸見而自(zi)盡,于是案定。
上世紀50年代,陳(chen)仁鑒在福建(jian)仙(xian)游莆仙(xian)戲劇(ju)團當(dang)編(bian)劇(ju)時,偶(ou)然發現了從民間(jian)搜集的(de)劇(ju)本《施天(tian)文》。原(yuan)劇(ju)系公案戲,寫施天(tian)文的(de)妻子柳(liu)氏(shi)撞見婆(po)婆(po)偷情(qing),婆(po)婆(po)無顏自盡。為保(bao)婆(po)婆(po)名節,柳(liu)承認是因自己頂撞婆(po)婆(po)而致其(qi)自盡。后來,知縣(xian)復審,終于(yu)探明隱情(qing)捉出奸(jian)夫,使將被(bei)問斬的(de)柳(liu)氏(shi)重(zhong)獲(huo)自由。陳(chen)仁鑒認為,原(yuan)戲宣揚的(de)是封(feng)(feng)建(jian)禮(li)教,決定改(gai)(gai)變藝術(shu)表現形式,以(yi)控(kong)訴封(feng)(feng)建(jian)禮(li)教對(dui)人性的(de)迫害(hai)。于(yu)是,他將這出戲改(gai)(gai)編(bian)為《團圓之后》。
在《團圓(yuan)之后(hou)》劇本中,陳仁鑒將(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)天(tian)文改(gai)名施(shi)(shi)佾生作為主角。施(shi)(shi)在考中狀元后(hou),為年輕(qing)守(shou)寡的母(mu)親(qin)葉氏(shi)請(qing)旨旌表(biao)。但是,葉氏(shi)在婚前(qian)就(jiu)與鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)成有情,一直未斷(duan)。在施(shi)(shi)佾生婚后(hou)第(di)三天(tian)深(shen)夜,葉氏(shi)和鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)成商量(liang)欲了斷(duan)前(qian)緣以保名節,但鄭(zheng)(zheng)不肯。第(di)二天(tian)清晨,施(shi)(shi)的新婚妻子柳氏(shi)向婆婆請(qing)安(an)時撞(zhuang)見鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)成,葉氏(shi)羞(xiu)愧難當,懸梁(liang)自(zi)盡。為了施(shi)(shi)家聲譽(yu),施(shi)(shi)命柳氏(shi)暫時認罪,其后(hou)又不忍妻子冤死,遂向縣令(ling)求情。最后(hou),為保施(shi)(shi)家祖澤和母(mu)親(qin)名節,施(shi)(shi)欲毒死鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)成,卻發現鄭(zheng)(zheng)乃(nai)其生父。于是,他將(jiang)(jiang)毒酒灌(guan)進了自(zi)己口中。