歷史沿革
白居寺由(you)寺院、吉祥多(duo)門(men)塔、扎(zha)倉(cang)和圍墻(qiang)四大(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單元多(duo)門(men)塔、扎(zha)倉(cang)和圍墻(qiang)四大(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單元組成,系明代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。白居寺由(you)江靈敏度法王繞(rao)丹貢(gong)桑(sang)帕和一世班禪(chan)克(ke)珠杰于(yu)15世紀(ji)中葉的前(qian)半期(1418年至1436年)共同(tong)主持興建(jian)(jian)(jian)。克(ke)珠杰(1386年-1438年)早(zao)年隨(sui)薩(sa)迦派仁達哇等高僧學習佛(fo)(fo)法,很快(kuai)成為精(jing)通五明的佛(fo)(fo)學大(da)師。1413年,繞(rao)丹貢(gong)桑(sang)帕(1389年-1442年)為在江孜地區弘(hong)傳佛(fo)(fo)教,乃邀請克(ke)珠杰到江孜主持教務,并且將江孜莊園與上部城堡兩地辟為建(jian)(jian)(jian)寺用地,于(yu)公(gong)元1418年動工興建(jian)(jian)(jian),公(gong)元1425年竣工。該(gai)寺為三層平頂藏(zang)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),平面為壇城模型,由(you)大(da)殿、法王殿、護法神殿、金剛(gang)界殿、羅漢殿、道果殿、無量宮殿、轉經回廊(lang)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)組成。
1904年第二次(ci)英(ying)國(guo)侵藏(zang)(zang)戰(zhan)爭中,英(ying)軍攻占(zhan)(zhan)江(jiang)孜(zi)宗(zong)山后(hou),又攻占(zhan)(zhan)白居寺。占(zhan)(zhan)領白居寺的英(ying)軍,搶劫了該寺大量文物、藏(zang)(zang)經(jing)等等,并且將佛堂(tang)改為食堂(tang),在轉經(jing)筒上釘(ding)釘(ding)子(zi)改為食品輸送帶。經(jing)過戰(zhan)斗,英(ying)軍屠殺許(xu)多藏(zang)(zang)族民眾之后(hou),占(zhan)(zhan)領了整個江(jiang)孜(zi)。
1957年(nian)(nian)2月26日(ri),西藏(zang)自(zi)治區籌(chou)備委員會舉(ju)行宴會,慶(qing)祝(zhu)藏(zang)歷火雞年(nian)(nian)。同年(nian)(nian)3月2日(ri),在(zai)(zai)北京(jing)的(de)藏(zang)族人士歡度藏(zang)歷火雞年(nian)(nian),赴中南海勤政殿向毛澤東(dong)主席、周恩來總理拜年(nian)(nian)。十四世(shi)達賴(lai)和十世(shi)班禪分別在(zai)(zai)江孜白(bai)居寺(si)和日(ri)喀則扎什倫布(bu)寺(si)參加慶(qing)賀藏(zang)歷新年(nian)(nian)典禮(li)。
1959年民主(zhu)(zhu)改革(ge)之前(qian),白(bai)居寺(si)(si)有僧人1500余(yu)名,由(you)格魯派僧人主(zhu)(zhu)持寺(si)(si)院管理(li),白(bai)居寺(si)(si)的寺(si)(si)院總堪(kan)布由(you)色拉寺(si)(si)藏巴(ba)康村派遣。1977年,國家(jia)撥出專款全面維修白(bai)居寺(si)(si)。修復(fu)部分于(yu)1979年12月開放(fang)。
1998年被列為(wei)第四批全國重點文物保護單位。
21世紀初,政府批準的(de)白居寺僧人(ren)編(bian)制(zhi)80名,其(qi)中格魯(lu)(lu)派編(bian)制(zhi)40名、薩迦(jia)派編(bian)制(zhi)20名、夏(xia)魯(lu)(lu)派編(bian)制(zhi)20名;實(shi)有僧人(ren)76人(ren),其(qi)中歸(gui)屬(shu)格魯(lu)(lu)派者43人(ren)、歸(gui)屬(shu)薩迦(jia)派者21人(ren)、歸(gui)屬(shu)夏(xia)魯(lu)(lu)派者12人(ren)。
建筑格局
白居(ju)塔
白(bai)居塔(ta)亦(yi)稱(cheng)“十萬(wan)見聞解脫大塔(ta)”,簡稱(cheng)“白(bai)塔(ta)”,亦(yi)稱(cheng)“白(bai)居塔(ta)”,是迄今西藏境(jing)內保存完(wan)好,最為雄偉華美的建(jian)(jian)筑珍品。始建(jian)(jian)于1414年(nian),歷時十年(nian),耗(hao)工日百余萬(wan)才完(wan)成。塔(ta)高(gao)9層,高(gao)42.4米,由塔(ta)基、塔(ta)腹、覆(fu)盆、塔(ta)幢等組成。
塔座占(zhan)地2200平方米,為四面八角形,有5層(ceng),線條明(ming)快,式樣別致,莊嚴穩(wen)重。塔內底層(ceng)有佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)20個,即(ji):法(fa)(fa)輪(lun)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、摩利支天(tian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、金剛手殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、清凈殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、回遮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、凈土殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、葉(xie)衣(yi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、馬頭(tou)明(ming)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、不動明(ming)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星曜佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、燃(ran)燈(deng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、增祿佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、持梃護法(fa)(fa)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大力(li)明(ming)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、幢頂臂(bei)嚴佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、兜率宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、多聞天(tian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、八大觧脫(tuo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、護法(fa)(fa)神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、尊勝佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);五層(ceng)有佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4個,即(ji):北(bei)、西、南、東無量宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
5層塔(ta)座(zuo)之上(shang)為圓形塔(ta)瓶,塔(ta)頂(ding)為銅(tong)皮包裹的錐形十(shi)三天(tian)。全(quan)塔(ta)下大上(shang)小,遂層遞收,開有108個門,實辟(pi)佛殿76間,門楣(mei)飾(shi)有異常精美的象、獅(shi)、飛龍的浮雕,其內藏各類佛像,總計十(shi)萬(wan)余尊佛像和近千幅壁畫,故又稱(cheng)“十(shi)萬(wan)佛塔(ta)”。
塔瓶中(zhong)部還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)小佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian),四面的門(men)楣上繪有(you)(you)3米(mi)長的濕婆神的慧(hui)眼(yan)。塔內塑(su)(su)像甚為精湛(zhan):6層(ceng)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)堂內供有(you)(you)高大的三世佛(fo),肅(su)穆恬靜(jing),儀態(tai)莊重。其兩(liang)側為袒胸露(lu)臂、曲(qu)腰侍立、身(shen)披(pi)瓔珞、腰系(xi)彩(cai)帶的弟子塑(su)(su)像;5層(ceng)為祖師(shi)泥塑(su)(su)像,盤腿(tui)端坐,神態(tai)凝滯呆(dai)板,給人以(yi)溫柔敦(dun)厚(hou)之感;5層(ceng)以(yi)下殿(dian)(dian)內的壁畫和(he)泥塑(su)(su)以(yi)兇神惡煞、面目可憎的金剛護法為主,但也有(you)(you)婀娜多(duo)姿、溫柔善良的度母像,形成鮮明(ming)的對照。總之,吉(ji)祥多(duo)門(men)塔建筑(zhu)雄偉壯麗,與白(bai)居寺(si)遙相呼應(ying),渾然一(yi)(yi)體,寺(si)中(zhong)有(you)(you)塔,塔中(zhong)有(you)(you)寺(si),相得益彰,為13至15世紀后(hou)藏(zang)地區寺(si)塔相互輝映的典范,也是(shi)中(zhong)國惟(wei)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)座集建筑(zhu)、繪畫和(he)雕塑(su)(su)藝(yi)術于(yu)一(yi)(yi)身(shen)的宗教(jiao)藝(yi)術博(bo)物館。
十萬佛塔
白居寺(si)中(zhong)有馳名(ming)中(zhong)外的白居塔(ta),正名(ming)叫(jiao)“菩(pu)提塔(ta)”。藏語稱這(zhe)(zhe)座塔(ta)為“班廓曲顛”,這(zhe)(zhe)流水便是(shi)(shi)日喀(ka)則地區的年楚河(he)。白居寺(si)由熱布(bu)旦(dan)貢桑帕和(he)班禪一世克珠(zhu)杰于公元(yuan)1418年首建。白居寺(si)旁的白居塔(ta)有“十萬佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)”之(zhi)美譽,它(ta)的白居寺(si)就是(shi)(shi)因為這(zhe)(zhe)座佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)才格(ge)外富有魅力。這(zhe)(zhe)可不(bu)是(shi)(shi)普(pu)通的佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(特別提醒:是(shi)(shi)它(ta)由近(jin)百間佛(fo)(fo)堂(tang)依次(ci)重疊建起(qi)的塔(ta)。)塔(ta)有九層,高(gao)達32米多,有77間佛(fo)(fo)殿、108個門、神龕和(he)經堂(tang)等,在中(zhong)國建筑史上是(shi)(shi)獨一無二的珍品。殿堂(tang)內(nei)繪有十余萬佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang),因而得名(ming)十萬佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)。塔(ta)內(nei)另(ling)有千余尊泥(ni)、銅、金塑佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang),堪稱佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)博(bo)物館(guan)。從塔(ta)西(xi)的入口進(jin)去可以沿(yan)樓梯(ti)一直上到塔(ta)的頂(ding)端,如果找不(bu)到上去的樓梯(ti),最(zui)好四下(xia)轉(zhuan)轉(zhuan),有的的確是(shi)(shi)比較隱蔽。
措欽大殿
措(cuo)(cuo)欽大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),高(gao)三層。措(cuo)(cuo)欽大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)底層:底層主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為大(da)經堂,有(you)(you)48根柱(zhu)(zhu),立柱(zhu)(zhu)上懸(xuan)掛有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)古老的(de)絲織唐卡(ka)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)北面左墻(qiang)有(you)(you)一尊高(gao)8米的(de)釋迦(jia)牟尼銅像(xiang),據傳是以1.4萬公斤黃銅鑄造;北為覺(jue)康正殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉三世佛銅像(xiang)。其兩側另有(you)(you)東、西凈土殿(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)的(de)塑(su)像(xiang)風格不同,融合藏傳佛教薩迦(jia)派、格魯派、噶舉派藝術風格。措(cuo)(cuo)欽大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)層:二(er)層主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為拉基(ji)(ji)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),白居寺最(zui)高(gao)級別的(de)“拉基(ji)(ji)會議”便在此(ci)召開(kai)。該(gai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)周圍(wei)有(you)(you)數座佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian),其中北面的(de)羅漢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)有(you)(you)苦(ku)行山懸(xuan)崖,上面塑(su)有(you)(you)小廟、飛禽、走獸和十八羅漢塑(su)像(xiang)。措(cuo)(cuo)欽大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三層:三層主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為夏(xia)耶拉康,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)有(you)(you)壇城壁畫、有(you)(you)六(liu)菱圓形的(de)蓮花藻井。寺內(nei)藏有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)佛像(xiang)、唐卡(ka)、壁畫、法器、佛經等(deng)文物,包括用(yong)金粉書寫的(de)大(da)藏經,每部有(you)(you)111卷(juan);用(yong)明清時期中國內(nei)地生產(chan)的(de)緙絲、刺繡(xiu)、織錦等(deng)絲織縫(feng)制的(de)藏戲服裝,約有(you)(you)100件。
吉祥多門塔
吉祥多門(men)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)又(you)稱(cheng)“十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)見(jian)聞(wen)解脫大塔(ta)(ta)(ta)”,簡稱(cheng)“白塔(ta)(ta)(ta)”,又(you)稱(cheng)“白居塔(ta)(ta)(ta)”。該塔(ta)(ta)(ta)始建于1414年,用(yong)十(shi)(shi)年時間完工(gong),消耗工(gong)日百余萬(wan)。該塔(ta)(ta)(ta)高9層,高42.4米,由塔(ta)(ta)(ta)幢、覆盆、塔(ta)(ta)(ta)腹、塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)等部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)。全(quan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)上小下大,開有(you)108個門(men),辟有(you)佛殿76間,門(men)楣(mei)飾有(you)精美的(de)飛龍、象、獅的(de)浮雕,殿內藏有(you)各種(zhong)佛像(xiang),總(zong)計有(you)十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)多尊佛像(xiang)及(ji)近千幅(fu)壁畫,故此(ci)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)又(you)稱(cheng)“十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)佛塔(ta)(ta)(ta)”。該塔(ta)(ta)(ta)與白居寺為13至15世紀后(hou)藏地區寺塔(ta)(ta)(ta)輝映的(de)典范。據傳說,該塔(ta)(ta)(ta)是依照(zhao)覺囊寺的(de)通(tong)卓欽摩大佛塔(ta)(ta)(ta)建造(zao)的(de)。
其他建筑
扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)等建筑以措(cuo)欽大(da)殿(dian)及(ji)(ji)吉(ji)祥(xiang)多(duo)門塔為(wei)中(zhong)心,分(fen)布(bu)(bu)著許多(duo)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)及(ji)(ji)佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)等建筑:古巴(ba)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、琴(qin)各洛(luo)(luo)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、洛(luo)(luo)布(bu)(bu)干(gan)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、德瓦金扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、賽貢扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、四剛王馬扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、仁定扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、頓各洛(luo)(luo)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、拉剛扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、杰布(bu)(bu)久扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、翁卡扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、西(xi)乃(nai)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、列珠扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、長米(mi)切(qie)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、康(kang)薩(sa)(sa)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、拉烏扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、下(xia)琴(qin)巴(ba)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)等17個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),馬林、榮康(kang)、甘登、凱(kai)居(ju)(ju)、巴(ba)久等佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian),以及(ji)(ji)僧居(ju)(ju)、扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)廈等建筑,總平面(mian)呈現橢圓(yuan)形。扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)中(zhong)的洛(luo)(luo)布(bu)(bu)干(gan)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、長米(mi)切(qie)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、拉剛扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)建筑年代最(zui)早,仁定扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、西(xi)乃(nai)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、四剛王馬扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)、琴(qin)各洛(luo)(luo)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)的建筑規模(mo)最(zui)大(da)。17座扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)藏(zang)傳佛(fo)(fo)教格魯(lu)(lu)派、夏(xia)魯(lu)(lu)派、薩(sa)(sa)迦(jia)(jia)派,其中(zhong)屬(shu)格魯(lu)(lu)派最(zui)多(duo),有(you)(you)(you)(you)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)7個(ge)。另(ling)一種統計稱,白(bai)居(ju)(ju)寺(si)原有(you)(you)(you)(you)16座扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),其中(zhong)格魯(lu)(lu)派擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)8個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),薩(sa)(sa)迦(jia)(jia)派擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),夏(xia)魯(lu)(lu)派擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang);16個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)中(zhong)又有(you)(you)(you)(you)4大(da)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),其中(zhong)格魯(lu)(lu)派擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2大(da)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),薩(sa)(sa)迦(jia)(jia)派和(he)夏(xia)魯(lu)(lu)派分(fen)別(bie)(bie)擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1大(da)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)。21世紀初(chu),扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)僅剩下(xia)3個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang),即(ji)格魯(lu)(lu)派、薩(sa)(sa)迦(jia)(jia)派、夏(xia)魯(lu)(lu)派分(fen)別(bie)(bie)擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1個(ge)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)。白(bai)居(ju)(ju)寺(si)各教派共(gong)處(chu)一寺(si),這種情況在西(xi)藏(zang)其他寺(si)院較為(wei)罕見。