花(hua)(hua)卉養植方法 花(hua)(hua)卉的養殖方法和注意事項
1、盆土
盆土(tu)一般由園土(tu)、腐葉(xie)土(tu)、堆肥土(tu)、塘泥(ni)、泥(ni)炭、珍珠巖、蛭石、椰子纖維等材料調配而成。
2、上盆與換盆
將幼(you)苗移(yi)植于(yu)花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)中的(de)(de)過程叫(jiao)上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)。幼(you)苗上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)時(shi)根(gen)系應盡量多帶些土(tu),以減少對根(gen)系的(de)(de)傷(shang)害(hai)。上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)時(shi),花(hua)卉(hui)根(gen)部向四周(zhou)展開輕(qing)置(zhi)土(tu)上(shang),加(jia)土(tu)埋至根(gen)頸(jing)部,使(shi)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)至盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)緣保(bao)留3-5厘(li)米,以方便澆水與(yu)施肥(fei)。多年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)觀賞植物,長(chang)期生(sheng)長(chang)于(yu)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)缽內(nei)有限(xian)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤中,營養不足(zu),需(xu)逐漸更(geng)換(huan)大(da)一(yi)號(hao)花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen),這(zhe)就是換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)。多年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)花(hua)卉(hui)換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)應在休眠期進行,每年(nian)(nian)換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)1次(ci),一(yi)、二年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)草本花(hua)卉(hui)在生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節中依生(sheng)長(chang)情況(kuang)可隨時(shi)進行,每次(ci)將花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)加(jia)大(da)一(yi)號(hao)。經上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)或換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)的(de)(de)花(hua)卉(hui)均應立(li)即澆水,置(zhi)蔭處養護2-3天后(hou),再移(yi)至陽光下,注意保(bao)持盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)濕潤(run)。上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)與(yu)換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)后(hou)均應噴施新高脂膜800倍液(ye),可防止(zhi)病(bing)害(hai)入侵、保(bao)墑。
3、澆水與施肥
盆栽花卉(hui)最好用(yong)軟水(shui)(shui)(如河水(shui)(shui)、湖水(shui)(shui)、塘水(shui)(shui)等)澆(jiao)灌。城市中(zhong)的(de)自來水(shui)(shui)含氯離子,對(dui)花卉(hui)生長不利,不宜直(zhi)接澆(jiao)灌盆花,要將自來水(shui)(shui)提(ti)前(qian)放入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)缸或水(shui)(shui)池中(zhong)放置1-2天后(hou)再(zai)用(yong)。耐(nai)濕花卉(hui)可多澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui),耐(nai)旱的(de)花卉(hui)如多肉植物就應(ying)少澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。盆栽花卉(hui)春(chun)秋時(shi)應(ying)隔日澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)1次,夏(xia)季每天早、晚各澆(jiao)1次,而入(ru)(ru)冬后(hou)則少澆(jiao)。
肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)是盆花養分的來源(yuan),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的合理與否(fou)直(zhi)接關系到花卉的產量(liang)(liang)和質量(liang)(liang)。目(mu)前(qian)常(chang)用(yong)的肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)有(you)人糞尿(niao)、廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、餅肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、草木(mu)灰(hui)等(deng)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及氮(dan)、鉀、磷(lin)、無機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時必須(xu)(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)以下幾點(dian):①觀察(cha)花卉是否(fou)有(you)缺肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)癥狀(zhuang);②施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必須(xu)(xu)掌(zhang)握(wo)季節和氣溫(wen)變(bian)化(hua);③施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)次數必須(xu)(xu)適度;④施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)必須(xu)(xu)松(song)土;⑤有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與無機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)配合使(shi)用(yong);⑥施(shi)用(yong)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必須(xu)(xu)充(chong)分發酵(jiao)腐(fu)熟(shu)。
4、病蟲害防治
在病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)防治(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),必須以(yi)(yi)防治(zhi)(zhi)為主(zhu)(zhu)。要嚴格檢疫制(zhi)度(du),杜絕病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)來(lai)源(yuan)。對已發現的(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai),應堅持"治(zhi)(zhi)小、治(zhi)(zhi)少、治(zhi)(zhi)了"的(de)原則,不(bu)能等花(hua)卉受害(hai)嚴重時再治(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)免浪費人力(li)、物力(li)。花(hua)卉中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)見的(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)要有介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛、粉虱、蝸(gua)牛、猝倒病(bing)(bing)、白絹病(bing)(bing)、白粉病(bing)(bing)、灰霉病(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)等,應根據各病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)情況選用(yong)相應藥劑+新高脂膜800倍(bei)液進行防治(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產出高質量的(de)花(hua)卉產品。