家裝隱蔽工程很重要 專家教你如何驗收

家庭裝修(xiu)中的隱蔽工程(cheng)是指隱蔽在(zai)裝飾表面內(nei)部(bu)的管線(xian)工程(cheng)和結構工程(cheng)。管線(xian)工程(cheng)包(bao)括(kuo)電器(qi)回路、給排水、煤氣管道、空調系統等;結構工程(cheng)指用于(yu)固定、支撐房屋荷載的內(nei)部(bu)構造。雖然曾經流行一時的野(ye)獸派和高(gao)科技派以暴露管道結構為美，但是這種(zhong)手法不適于(yu)普通百姓人(ren)家的裝修(xiu)。

值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意的是，目前隱(yin)蔽工程(cheng)的質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)普遍存在，而且由于維修不便，留下很多隱(yin)患。因(yin)此，有必(bi)要了(le)解它(ta)的結構和材料。家庭(ting)裝(zhuang)修的隱(yin)蔽工程(cheng)主要包(bao)括(kuo)六個方(fang)面：

(1)給排水工程。由于鍍鋅管(guan)易生銹、積垢(gou)、不保溫，而且會發生凍裂，將被逐步淘汰(tai)。目前使用最多的是塑鋁復合管(guan)、塑鋼管(guan)、PPR管(guan)。這些管(guan)子有(you)良好的塑性、韌性，而且保溫不開裂、不積垢(gou)，采用專用接(jie)頭或(huo)熱塑接(jie)頭，質量保證、能耗少。

(2)電器管線工程。一般電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)硬線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、軟(ruan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、護套線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)，按銅芯粗細又分(fen)(fen)為1平(ping)方(fang)毫(hao)米(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、1.5平(ping)方(fang)毫(hao)米(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、2.5平(ping)方(fang)毫(hao)米(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)……為安全起見，更為了便于維修，電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應套套管(guan)。此外常用的還有音響線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信號(hao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)。插座(zuo)分(fen)(fen)為10A，15A，品牌也有多種，假冒的也多。劣質的插座(zuo)容易引起事故，建議到正規(gui)電(dian)器(qi)用品商店購買較為妥(tuo)當。電(dian)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)工(gong)程，要求施(shi)工(gong)規(gui)范，以保證安全，消除隱患。

(3)地板基層。實(shi)木(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)基層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)兩種(zhong)做法：一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)水泥樓板(ban)(ban)(ban)上鋪設(she)木(mu)龍(long)骨，最后(hou)釘地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban);另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)方法在(zai)龍(long)骨上先(xian)鋪一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)(ban)，或者(zhe)是(shi)毛(mao)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，然(ran)后(hou)釘地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，采用這種(zhong)方法，地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)受(shou)力(li)均勻，結(jie)構牢(lao)固。復(fu)(fu)合(he)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝方便，基層(ceng)(ceng)也有(you)兩種(zhong)作(zuo)法：一(yi)種(zhong)先(xian)作(zuo)找平層(ceng)(ceng)，然(ran)后(hou)鋪設(she)PVC墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)，之后(hou)鋪設(she)復(fu)(fu)合(he)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban);另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)水泥找平層(ceng)(ceng)上，鋪設(she)木(mu)龍(long)骨和(he)毛(mao)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，兩鋪復(fu)(fu)合(he)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。

(4)護墻基層。護墻板(ban)(ban)(ban)有平板(ban)(ban)(ban)式和凹凸式。做(zuo)法是在(zai)墻面上(shang)安裝(zhuang)30mm×40mm木龍(long)骨，在(zai)此基礎(chu)上(shang)釘多層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)或細木工板(ban)(ban)(ban)，最后釘飾(shi)面夾板(ban)(ban)(ban)。為防止發霉，在(zai)護墻板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)部(bu)開一系列直徑(jing)為6mm的氣孔。

(5)門窗套基層。先(xian)排設龍骨，然后(hou)釘細木工板，表面(mian)用飾面(mian)夾(jia)板釘木線(xian)條，避(bi)免(mian)日后(hou)膨脹。

(6)吊頂基層。吊(diao)頂材(cai)料有石膏板(ban)，灰(hui)板(ban)，夾板(ban)，鋁合金扣板(ban)，塑料扣板(ban)，磨砂玻璃，彩繪(hui)玻璃等，龍(long)骨分(fen)木龍(long)骨和輕鋼龍(long)骨。吊(diao)頂開裂的現象經(jing)常出現，如使用彈性膩子嵌(qian)縫，并貼尼龍(long)綁帶(dai)，可以改善(shan)這種情況。

隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程完工(gong)(gong)后，需(xu)(xu)驗收，確保不留隱患，合(he)格后才能進行后續施工(gong)(gong)。否則今后發(fa)現問題，需(xu)(xu)要返工(gong)(gong)，既影響質量(liang)，又拖延工(gong)(gong)期。業主和承包方(fang)都將蒙受(shou)損失。